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原地推铅球是近些年来黑龙江省体育高考的必考项目。众所周知,推铅球是一个速度力量性项目,是一个以力量为基础,以速度为核心的田径投掷项目。投掷原理表明,铅球出手的初速度、出手角度及出手高度是决定推铅球成绩的三个基本因素。但在日常训练中,学生往往会出现出手速度不够、铅球出手角度偏低、最后用力过程“掉肘”等较多的错误动作,而且纠正起来比较困难,影响铅球成绩。 相似文献
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体育运动中抛物体问题研究的基本方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马明 《武汉体育学院学报》2008,42(7):64
基于抛物体运动规律对两类典型的抛物体运动（投掷项目、篮球投篮）进行了分析。在投掷项目中,投掷器械的飞行远度作为目标函数,在Excel中计算了不同的出手速度（V0）、出手角度（θ）及出手高度（H）对器械飞行远度的影响;在篮球运动中,以投篮的最小速度角和最小进篮误差作为目标函数,计算了不同的投篮距离、出手高度的情况下,投篮的最佳出手角度,寻找出篮球投篮最佳出手角的变化规律以便于运动员在实践中掌握和运用,提高投篮的命中率。 相似文献
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正面双手投掷实心球项目属于斜抛运动,要想投得远,首先要具备力量。然而,光有力量还不够,初速度和出手角度起决定性作用。要想使实心球抛出的初速度大,出手角度合理,必须掌握正确的投掷技术。 相似文献
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标枪项目是在加速助跑后身体高速移动状态下实施投掷动作,技术较复杂,主要要求选手的速度力量和技巧能力,应该比较适合我国选手。
在标枪出手条件中,出手速度是影响标枪飞行距离的首要因素,而合适的出手角度、姿态角等是获得优异成绩的保障因素。选手根据自身特点,应
用适合的投掷技术,在自己的能力范围内,能否投出合适的出手速度、出手角度等是判断选手投掷技术水平的标志。进入“新标枪”时代以后,关于
世界优秀标枪选手出手速度、出手高度、出手角度、姿态角、迎角等出手状态的研究较为丰富,关于最后用力投掷过程中,脚下节奏与步幅、宽-肩-
肘-腕等关节中心的线速度、膝关节与肘关节角度等也有广泛研究,而对于躯干姿态和各主要关节角度变化的详细研究则有待充实。 相似文献
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澳大利亚的翁格尔在《技术训练》杂志上发表了一篇《风对投掷成绩有很大作用》的文章,作者对不同风力给予投掷物的影响作了测定。投掷项目的运动成绩是由器械的出手初速度、出手角度、出手高度和空气阻力所决定的。而风速和器械的飞行速度、器械的体积和它的几何图形影响着空气阻力。因此,投掷项 相似文献
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我们知道田径运动成绩决定于器械出手初速、出手角度、出手高度、自然条件等.通常人们比较重视出手初速。无可否认出手初速是最重要的。然而,在比赛中,运动员投掷器械出手初速的能力都比较相当的情况下,出手角度的重要性就突出出来了。尤其是标枪这类形状及飞行状态比较特别的器械,合理的投掷出手角度更为重要,原因是它直接关系到标枪在飞行中是否合理利用了空气动力。国外专家研究报告,投掷标枪成绩和投掷角的相关 相似文献
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<正>中考体育投掷实心球项目的评价手段最基本方法就是测量距离,如何让投掷实心球更稳、更远些,首先我们要让学生弄清楚投掷实心球的基本原理和一些投掷技巧。其次,如何提高投掷能力和水平,可以从投掷原理的基础出发,进行身体素质的强化巩固练习。一、中考体育投掷实心球的基本原理根据物体斜抛运动规律在不考虑空气阻力的作用下,决定实心球飞行远度的因素有三个,分别是实心球出手时的初速度、实心球出手角度和实心球出手时的高度。在这三个变量中,实心球的出手初速度是决定投掷远度的最重要因素。 相似文献
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<正>原地推铅球是历年来体育高考必考身体素质项目之一,是检测考生是否具备良好爆发力、协调能力的测试项目。原地推铅球投掷的远度主要取决于器械出手的初速度和出手角度。当今原地推铅球技术正朝着加快动作速度的方向发展。投掷成绩取决于器械的做功距 相似文献
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Roland van den Tillaar 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1976-1982
The aim of this study was to compare the active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the glenohumeral external rotation with the maximal external rotation and throwing performance during different throws with different wind-up techniques in elite team handball players. Twenty-two elite team handball players participated in the study in which the maximal ball release velocity and maximal external rotation during standing, with run-up and jump throws with two types of wind-ups were measured together with the maximal active and passive glenohumeral ROM of the external rotation, lying supine on a bench. Higher maximal external rotation was found during the throws with the whip-like wind-up in comparison to circular-like wind-up throws together with a lower external rotation during the active ROM test. No correlations were found between the ROM of the external rotation with the maximal ball release velocity and the maximal external rotation measured during the throws. It was concluded that ROM of the external rotation measured on the bench does not give any information about the maximal throwing performance or the external rotation angle during throwing and therefore cannot be used to identify potential fast throwers or injuries in elite team handball players. 相似文献
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Kei Sasakawa Shinji Sakurai 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):311-321
Joint angles of the throwing limb were examined from the acceleration phase up until release for the sidearm throwing motion when using a flying disc. 17 individuals (ten skilled, seven unskilled) threw a disc as far as possible ten times. Throwing motions were recorded using three-dimensional high-speed videography. The initial condition of disc release and joint angle kinematics of the upper limb during the throwing motion were obtained. Mean ( ± standard deviation) throwing distance and disc spin rate were significantly greater for skilled throwers (51.4 ± 6.6 m, 12.9 ± 1.3 rps) than for unskilled throwers (29.5 ± 7.6 m, 9.4 ± 1.3 rps), although there was no significant difference in initial velocity of the disc between the two groups (skilled: 21.7 ± 1.7 m/s; unskilled: 20.7 ± 2.5 m/s). A marked difference in motion of supination/pronation of the forearm before disc release was identified, with the forearm supinated in the final acceleration phase leading up to disc release for the unskilled participants, while the forearm was pronated in the same phase for the skilled participants. These differences in joint kinematics could be related to differences in disc spin rate, and thus led to the substantial differences in throwing distance. 相似文献
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对我国5名优秀女子链球运动员使用近景动态三维录像分析系统分析运动员的投掷技术,结果表明,第四圈双支撑阶段加速能力较强,但在第四圈单支撑阶段速度损失过大;链球旋转速度增量与各圈轨迹中双支撑与单支撑的比值有关,增大链球各圈轨迹中双支撑与单支撑的比值有助于链球旋转速度增量的提高;加大投掷动作的动作幅度,增大各圈旋转中运动员的各运动环节的最大值与最小值的差值对链球旋转速度增量的提高具有十分重要意义。 相似文献
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对我国优秀标枪运动员投掷步技术的力学解析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
通过对我国优秀标枪运动员投掷步与世界优秀选手投掷步躯干后倾角等运动生物力学参数的对比分析,发现我国标枪运动员在投掷步和最后用力技术上存在着一定的差距,这是影响运动员成绩提高与稳定的原因之一。为了提高我国标枪运动成绩,完善我国运动员投掷步技术是十分必要的。 相似文献
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目的:分析浙江师范大学投掷训练队优秀运动员腰背肌的生物力学特征,探讨投掷运动员的成绩与腰背屈伸肌群力量的关系,为投掷训练和易受伤部位的预防提供理论依据。方法:利用德国Isomed2000等速肌力测试系统进行核心力量等速肌力测试,测试严格按照Isomed2000等速测试系统使用手册的要求进行操作。结果:优秀投掷运动员腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩随测试速度(30°/s~180°/s)的增加大体呈递减趋势,且随着角速度的增大,优秀投掷运动员的腰背屈伸肌群等速向心收缩峰力矩下降幅度(斜率K:伸-0.884小于屈-0.655)比普通人(K:伸-0.275小于屈-0.035)小,且优秀投掷运动员伸肌最大峰力矩的下降幅度要比屈肌小;在角速度为30°/s到120°/s时,最大功率随着给定角速度的增大而增大,在180°/s时又有所减小;腰背屈伸肌群峰力矩的角度在30°/s到180°/s时伸肌55.5°~58°大于屈肌的54.5°~56.25°,随着角速度的增大,大体呈上升趋势,在30°/s时峰力矩角度最小。 相似文献
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In this paper, the scientific literature and that on the sports sciences relevant to javelin throwing is critically reviewed. This is particularly timely because of the change in the specification of the javelin for the men's event, which was introduced by the IAAF in 1986. A full discussion of the aerodynamics of the javelin is presented with due consideration of the change in pitching moment characteristics that the rules change had brought about. The uses and limitations of current computer programs for simulating javelin flight, in order to estimate optimal release parameters, are profiled. Consideration is also given to the effects of wind velocity, air density, javelin weight and the flutter and spin of the javelin on its flight. The review further considers the optimization of release parameters, drawing upon computer simulations and field-based data. The effects of release speed, release height, release angle, release angle of attack and release pitch rate are assessed. The javelin throwing technique is discussed in relation to cinematographically derived data, including an evaluation of experimental procedures. The importance to successful performance of the grip, the run-up and transition phases, the cross over and delivery strides are each reviewed. Finally, some prognoses as to the direction of future research into this complex throwing skill are offered. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine if adults spontaneously exploit the laws of physics to achieve better accuracy when throwing at various distances. Eight adults performed 25 underarm throws at five horizontal circular targets located 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m away with a constant 5% relative accuracy requirement. Angle and speed of the ball at release were found to increase with throwing distance, while the coordinates of the release point did not change significantly. These results support the idea that people minimize the variability in impact distance by adapting both the angle and the speed at ball release following a mechanical optimum predicted by the laws of physics. Moreover, variability in distance was found to be less than expected because of independent variations in the angle and speed at ball release. Hence, the control of precision throwing seems to imply compensatory variability, as frequently reported in the control of skilled actions. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine if adults spontaneously exploit the laws of physics to achieve better accuracy when throwing at various distances. Eight adults performed 25 underarm throws at five horizontal circular targets located 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m away with a constant 5% relative accuracy requirement. Angle and speed of the ball at release were found to increase with throwing distance, while the coordinates of the release point did not change significantly. These results support the idea that people minimize the variability in impact distance by adapting both the angle and the speed at ball release following a mechanical optimum predicted by the laws of physics. Moreover, variability in distance was found to be less than expected because of independent variations in the angle and speed at ball release. Hence, the control of precision throwing seems to imply compensatory variability, as frequently reported in the control of skilled actions. 相似文献