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中国高等教育评估实践的问题及对策 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
改革产物与推动力量是对我国20年高等教育评估实践的基本判断。制度缺陷以及利益冲突导致我国高等教育评估实践存在着行政行为化、社会中介评估机构的合法性等问题。评估的科学定位、评估体系的构建以及评估文化的培育是保证我国高等教育评估实践积极持续发展的基本对策。我国高等教育评估的前景是方兴未艾，一级学科评估、高等教育国际合作项目的评估成为高等教育评估的新领域。 相似文献
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This paper summarizes recent events concerning the evaluation of doctoral programs in kinesiology and physical education. An overview is provided of issues related to the evaluation process used by the National Research Council (NRC). The American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education (AAKPE) has developed a proposal to have our field included in the upcoming evaluation of doctoral programs conducted by the NRC currently scheduled for 2007. Also described is an overview of the plan by the AAKPE to conduct its own evaluation of doctoral programs in 2005. Finally, a listing of the 62 identified doctoral programs in our field is presented along with some program characteristics. 相似文献
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Michaela T. Zint Patrick F. Dowd Beth A. Covitt 《Environmental Education Research》2011,17(4):471-497
To conduct evaluations that can benefit individual programs as well as the field as a whole, environmental educators must have the necessary evaluation competencies. This exploratory study was conducted to determine to what extent a self‐directed learning resource entitled My Environmental Education Evaluation Resource Assistant (MEERA) can enhance environmental educators' evaluation competencies. The multiple case studies relied on data from eight environmental educators with limited evaluation experience who used MEERA to evaluate one of their programs. Results suggest that MEERA can (1) increase environmental educators' perceived evaluation competencies, (2) help environmental educators produce quality evaluation outputs, and (3) foster their use of evaluation results. Perceived benefits of using MEERA included obtaining evidence of program success, insights into how to improve programs, and alternative ways of thinking about programs. Perceived challenges included varying difficulties with evaluation tasks such as prioritizing evaluation questions and designing data collection instruments and, in line with this, desiring personal expert assistance for context‐specific advice and reassurance. This research contributes to expanding understanding of how to enhance environmental educators' evaluation competencies and practices. 相似文献
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美国国家研究委员会开展了三次博士学科评估,已成为美国研究生教育外部质量保障体系的重要组成部分。博士学科评估组织特征主要体现在完善的博士学科评估组织治理结构和能力;多元化的博士学科评估筹资机制。技术特征包括自成体系的博士学科分类系统;综合集成的博士学科评估指标权重;分类与区间并用的博士学科评估结果。值得我们学习和借鉴之处:秉持为评估利益相关方服务的评估理念,注重评估组织的治理结构和能力建设,把握好评估方法的继承和创新力度,加强学科评估理论和技术研究。 相似文献
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研制学科评价方案是开展学业测试的基础性工作,也是近年教育评价研究的热点问题。梳理、比较2003—2014年北京市义务教育阶段教学质量监测学科评价方案的发展轨迹,可以发现该系列评价方案基于学科课程标准,聚焦北京市课堂教学实际,汲取了国外评价项目及理论的优秀经验,历经多轮修订,聚焦核心课程系列化的呈现,对学业水平测试、内容标准、学业成就水平等核心概念逐一进行了界定,分阶段解决关键问题,聚焦学科能力的认知与水平分层,设计了清晰具体的内容标准,学业成就水平描述体现了递进性。借鉴北京的经验,今后国内相关评价机构在研制学科评价方案时,可以关注学科评价方案研制的专业性,并及时向大众解读方案内容,对学科评价方案中情感态度价值观领域的水平进行详细划分,从而实现评价方案对教师课堂教学的全面指导。 相似文献
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Carol Norman 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》1994,8(3):329-340
Conclusion Teachers need formal and working knowledge of educational evaluation for their work in traditional schools as well as in schools in the future. In the form of principles, the professional evaluation standards provide educational evaluation knowledge that teachers can use to acquire the working knowledge they want and can use. Professional development programs can help teachers grasp the substance and intent of educational evaluation principles, but the principles alone cannot empower teachers or build a system of profound knowledge shared within the organization and used to move it toward its goals. An investment in teachers through professional-development programs is important if teachers are to conduct evaluations and use evaluation results together as a routine part of doing business. An investment in teachers through professional-development programs must attend to the social and technical aspects of a change effort. The learning about evaluation and their principles must be organizationally valued and the learning nurtured and sustained. 相似文献
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Margaret B. Weber 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》1977,3(2):87-93
Program evaluation may be described as a tri-level process. At one level there is diagnostic and developmental evaluation of the learners. At a second level, there is evaluation of the program against its own objectives. And, at a third level, there is evaluation of the program as compared against a criterion program. Traditional programs can be evaluated successfully at each of three levels. However, innovative programs present obstacles to effective evaluation at two levels: (I) learner diagnostic and development; (II) and, (III) relative program effectiveness. It is only at Level II, where the innovative program is judged against its own objectives, that traditional evaluation methods are productive.The purpose of this paper is to describe the tri-level process model used in the evaluation of an innovative secondary program and to discuss the deficits of the model as suggested by the case study reported here. In addition, implications for the evaluation of innovative programs is discussed against a background of the Tyler (1971) model for instructional evaluation. 相似文献
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This is a critical review of methodological issues in the evaluation of adult literacy education programs in the United States. It addresses the key research questions: What are the appropriate methods for evaluating these programs under given circumstances. It identifies 15 evaluation studies that are representative of a range of adult literacy contexts at various evaluation levels; and reviews each study regarding evaluation designs, data sources, learner assessment tools, and indicators of program effectiveness. It summarizes methodological lessons learned regarding the evaluation of adult literacy education and identifies areas for further research. 相似文献
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Qualitative and quantitative evaluation procedures were used to compare two physical-science teacher inservice training programs. The two programs followed the master teacher training model espoused by NSF but used different types of master teachers and types of activities. The two evaluation procedures produced different results and together they provided a much clearer picture of the strengths and weaknesses of the two programs. Using only one approach or the other would have substantially altered the conclusions. 相似文献
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The traditional evaluation model used in accrediting professional-education programs is discussed and the field of psychology is used as an example. The evaluation model followed in the recently implemented accreditation mechanism for rehabilitation-counselor education (RCE) programs is also discussed. The evaluation model makes some significant departures from the traditional model. A survey-research approach is used to substitute in part for the traditional site visit, and more comprehensive program-evaluation data, going beyond the traditional reliance on faculty and students, are collected. Further, data on the competence of graduates are employed in the evaluation process. Possible implications of the RCE model are discussed as they relate to the currently evolving accreditation procedure for counselor-education programs, as well as the accreditation procedures in other professions. 相似文献
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The state of Washington has recently begun several state-wide competency-based certification programs. These programs are being used to evaluate school counselors at three levels of functioning. Examples of the program used by the Southeastern Washington Counselor Consortium to certify counselors at the beginning level are presented. Required competencies, activities that help the counselor achieve proficiency in these competencies, and individual evaluation procedures are included in the program. The purpose of this competency-based program and an evaluation of counselors, programs, problems, and issues are presented. 相似文献
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Counselor education suffers from a lack of emphasis on evaluation of counselor training programs. In response to this problem, a systems analysis-based approach to evaluation is presented and discussed. The approach, which involves performance testing and system monitoring, has sufficient flexibility to be used in programs with divergent theoretical orientations. 相似文献
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Karen M. La Paro Catherine Scott-Little Anurika Ejimofor Teressa Sumrall Victoria L. Kintner-Duffy Robert C. Pianta 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):318-336
Recent surveys have provided some guidance and recommendations for the student teaching component in early childhood teacher preparation, but specific information on the focus of supervision and evaluation of student teachers is limited. The current study surveyed 128 early childhood programs in 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education across seven states. The study collected data in areas such as which students receive feedback, how students are supervised and evaluated, and what types of assessment tools contribute to the evaluation. Results indicate that across 2- and 4-year institutions, language and literacy are a strong focus of feedback for student teachers, as well as child development, planning, and adult–child interactions. Student teachers are typically supervised through on-site visits that range in number and length fairly dramatically across 2- and 4-year institutions. Finally, the use of specific tools for evaluation varies across programs; about a quarter of programs surveyed use a published tool to evaluate student teachers. The majority of programs use an evaluation tool that is based on local, state, or national standards. Findings are discussed in terms of early childhood teacher preparation programs and the continuing discussions of recommendations for student teaching. 相似文献
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In this article it is argued that further development of the research knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of parent education programs depends on a major shift in conventional strategies of program evaluation. The prevalent evaluation method has been dominated by an interest in the outcomes of parent education programs; thus, a variety of evaluations has established that parent training programs have an immediate impact on such outcomes as child's IQ scores (see Clarke-Stewart, 1978). Little is known about why parent programs are effective, however. The typical evaluation approach is severely limited in its ability to identify factors which contribute to program effectiveness. Yet information about the processes of change in parent education programs is essential to the replication and improvement of program models.This article suggests that program evaluations should examine relations between parent characteristics and program attributes. An investigation of the goodness of fit between different program dimensions and a parent's needs and background is likely to extend our knowledge about the circumstances which lead to certain types of program outcomes. The article discusses the inadequate attention given to the complexity of the treatment variable in evaluation studies, and suggests that future evaluations consider variations in parents' experiences in a program, environmental characteristics, and child-rearing attitudes and practices. 相似文献
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Mentoring programs have been advocated for a variety of higher educational settings, including medical education. Reviewing the literature suggests that consensus is lacking on definitions of mentoring, resulting in difficulties with evaluation of mentoring programs. This article describes a systematic approach to designing a mentoring program for medical students that addresses questions of goals, mentor functions, mentor selection, preparation and matching to protégés, and evaluation of mentoring programs. Student participation in all phases of program design and implementation is emphasized. 相似文献
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Mission,messages, and measures: Engaging zoo educators in environmental education program evaluation
Here we describe the development and implementation of a large-scale monitoring system to systematically evaluate various Chicago Zoological Society (CZS) education programs. Our primary goal was to engage program staff in developing a consistent measurement and evaluation strategy across and within education programs. We did this by using the CZS mission as a framework and incorporating participatory, theory-based, and utilization-focused evaluation approaches into our education programs. As we carried out the process, we learned several lessons that helped us to succeed. This process has allowed us to begin building the perspective among our staff and leaders that evaluation is an ongoing process that occurs alongside program delivery to inform cycles of reflection and improvement and measure program performance over time. 相似文献
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The impact of two science enrichment programs on the science attitudes of 330 gifted high school students was evaluated using a multimethod, multiperspective approach that provided a more comprehensive evaluation of program impact on science attitudes than did previous assessments of science programs. Although pre–post comparisons did not indicate positive impact on science attitudes, other measures provided strong evidence of program effectiveness. Program benefits were greater among girls, those who had more supportive families and teachers, and those who entered the programs with greater general confidence in their abilities. Implications for science enrichment programs and their evaluation are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1065–1088, 2001 相似文献