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国际科学合作已经成为当今大科学时代开展大科学项目研究的主流科学生产方式。研究大科学项目的国际科学合作的运行模式及其特征,对我国开展大科学项目研究具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。由美国牵头发起的斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）项目是21世纪以来典型的大科学项目,在Web of Science平台检索依托这一项目的科学论文,利用CiteSpace信息可视化软件系统对这一项目的国家和机构两个层面的科学合作情况进行分析,揭示了该项目的国际科学合作中以多边交叉型合作模式、双边交互性合作模式和补充型合作模式为核心的“外、中、内”3层合作体系,总结了大科学项目国际科学合作的基本特征,为我国参与和主导国际大科学合作提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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郭永正 《科学学与科学技术管理》2013,34(2):70-79
采用SCI数据库中国的和印度的国际合作论文,从国际合作论文的结构、国际合作的主导——从属率、国际合作的劳动规模、国际合作最多的五个国家和地区,在学科层面上比较了两国的国际科学合作,展示了两国的国际科学合作的异同点.从而也说明ESI的学科分类是国际科学合作研究中比较理想的方法. 相似文献
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基础学科国际科学合作的重要模式 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文根据基础学科国际科学合作的重要特征以及国际科学合作的产出数据系统，着重考察了影响国际科学合作与交流发展水平和状况的诸种因素及其关系。通过对国际科学合作中所出现的复杂现象与关系的研究，以回答诸如国家与国家之间的国际合作的规模为何存在差异、世界各地区及国家是如何形成了国际科学合作的网络的、基础学科领域国际合作形成的模式以及各种科学的外部因素对国际科学合作产生的影响等问题。 相似文献
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采用美国《科学引文索引-扩展版》（SCI—E）收录的中印两国国际合作论文数据，比较了两国的N维国际科学合作结构、合作对象结构以及合作频度与合作链强度的关系，找出了中印两国国际科学合作结构存在的不同之处，并建议多国合作应成为我国未来国际科学合作的一个重点。 相似文献
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国际科学合作个体中心网的中印比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
郭永正 《科学学与科学技术管理》2008,29(8)
采用美国<科学引文索引-扩展版>(SCI-E)1977-2006年收录的中国大陆的国际合著期刊论文114 717篇和印度的国际合著期刊论文52 790篇,统计了论文作者所属国家(地区)间的合作关系,得知中国有174个国际合著伙伴,印度有181个国际合著伙伴.比较了中、印两国国际科学合作的个体中心网结构,发现两国国际科学合作个体中心网具有基本相同的网络密度、中心势以及核心合作伙伴和明显不同的链密度,表明中国国际科学合作的集中性.在两国的核心合作伙伴中,亚洲伙伴在中国网中的重要性大于在印度网中的重要性,美洲伙伴在中国网中的重要性小于在印度网中的重要性.从地理区域来看,亚洲、欧洲、美洲对中国和印度国际科学合作的重要性基本相同,大洋洲在中国国际科学合作个体中心网的重要性大于在印度国际科学合作个体中心网的重要性,非洲在中国国际科学合作个体中心网的重要性小于在印度国际科学合作个体中心网的重要性. 相似文献
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为了研究新形势下如何更好地利用国际科技资源推动创新型国家和创新型城市的建设,以北京为案例,开展了国际科技合作模式的研究。在文献调研的基础上,针对北京市的内资企业、外资企业、高校、科研院所、政府有关部门和中介,进行了深度访谈和问卷调查。在分析国际科技合作相关主体的国际科技合作现状的基础上,提出了基于政府视角的两种国际科技合作的模式:政府主导式和自由发展式。政府主导模式具体体现在政府间国际科技合作计划、社会发展方面的国际科技合作和部分政府采购项目特别是政府投资大项目为平台的国际科技合作。此外的经济领域的国际科技合作,应主要采取自由发展型模式。 相似文献
8.
传统的实证主义科学观将科学独立于政治之外,并预设了科学知识全人类共享的科学普遍主义,这为科学的国际合作提供了理论基础。但这种科学观在当今国际科研合作中却受到了挑战。分析NASA科研"排华"事件可发现,美国政府采取了立法、财务等多种模式对科研合作进行管控与干预,以"国家安全"为名对以中国为代表的崛起国进行遏制与封锁,为科技合作设置重重障碍。面对挑战,我们应增强对全球化时代科学政治化的自觉性,在参与科研合作时既合作又竞争,更要切实维护国家安全,通过自主创新增强国际合作中的科学话语权,真正打破西方国家在科技上对中国的限制和封锁。 相似文献
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旨在揭示大数据研究中国家和机构间的合作模式和网络结构,发现主要参与国家和机构的主导地位,并利用科学地图来可视化这些合作特征.在了解大数据领域全球论文产出概况的基础上,应用网络特征指标分析大数据研究合作网络的结构特征及演化规律、主要国家与机构在合作网络中的地位及其作用,并通过VOSviewer软件以科学叠加图(overlay map)的形式对结果进行可视化.研究发现:全球大数据研究以国内合作尤其是机构内合作为主,国家和机构间合作的比重较低,随着时间推移,国际合作网络规模不断扩大,并逐渐向多元主导模式转变;中国、美国和英国在国际合作网络中占据核心地位、发挥桥梁作用;中国作者在国际合作网络中的主导性较高,中国科学院、德克萨斯大学和清华大学是最为活跃的参与机构. 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献