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1.
Enqing Tian 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(17-18):1915-1932
AbstractIn October of 2004, seven football clubs launched the ‘G-7 Revolution’, which represented a hallmark in the history of Chinese football. However, the revolt lasted for less than one month before it was thwarted. Recently, complexity theory (CT) has emerged as a vital theoretical perspective to twenty-first-century humanities and social sciences research. CT promises to offer considerable insight into the process of the ‘G-7 Revolution’. Because of the imminence of organizational decline, changes in leadership of the Chinese Football Association (CFA) and the ongoing conflicts between organizations, the sensitive, ‘far-from-equilibrium’ state of the league constituted the contextual basis for the revolution. Also, a referee’s poor decision was a small incident, like the ‘flapping wings of butterfly’, that helped incite the revolution of the seven football clubs’, as a result of which a self-organized union emerged. Lastly, the union’s actions amplified the deviation, but the major inertia deriving from the central system represented by the CFA counteracted this, leading eventually to the failure of the revolution. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how coaches perceived and responded to the content knowledge and assessment processes that they were exposed to during an advanced level soccer coaching award programme. In-depth interviews were conducted with six coaches who had successfully completed the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) ‘A’ Licence in the UK. Using the concepts of the ‘dialectic of socialisation’, ‘studentship’ and Goffman's (1959) work on ‘the presentation of the self’ as analytical pegs, the discussion highlights how the coaches were far from ‘empty vessels’ waiting to be filled. Rather, the findings reveal the active role that the respondent coaches played in terms of accepting, rejecting and resisting the knowledge, beliefs and methods espoused by the coach educators. Finally, perceiving of coach learning as a negotiated and contested activity is discussed in terms of its implications for existing and future coach education provision. 相似文献
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‘Being in your body’ and ‘being in the moment’: the dancing body-subject and inhabited transcendence
Aimie C. E. Purser 《体育哲学杂志》2018,45(1):37-52
Sports studies is currently dominated by the intellectualist approach to understanding skill and expertise, meaning that questions about the phenomenological nature of skilled performance in sport have generally been overshadowed by the emphasis on the cognitive. By contrast, this article responds to calls for a phenomenology of sporting embodiment by opening up a philosophical exploration of the nature of athletic being-in-the-world. In particular, the paper explores the conceptualisation of immanence and transcendence in relation to the embodied practice of dance, engaging with Merleau-Ponty’s important insight that the body can be a source of transcendence. I also draw on data from in-depth qualitative interviews with professional contemporary dancers to explore dancers’ concepts of ‘being in your body’ and ‘being in the moment’, and to suggest that during the actual embodied practice of dance, dancers do not experience transcendence and immanence as they are conceptualised in philosophy. Rather, I argue, dancers experience a third mode of being that is somehow in-between these two binary terms. I have called this ‘inhabited transcendence’. 相似文献
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The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of a plethora of sporting professionals, many of whom were involved in developing training and coaching practices. Teaching the skills, the ‘science’, of boxing became an important source of income for professional fighters while some practitioners also developed careers as trainers, normally operating on behalf of the wealthy ‘amateurs’ who retained professionals in order to make profitable wagers. These practices were described in some of the early instructional manuals of the period, notably a detailed analysis of wrestling by Parkyns in 1713, who considered technique, fitness, and diet, and by Godfrey in 1747 who included a seminal section on boxing in his A Treatise upon the Useful Science of Defence. The proliferation of boxing manuals in the last quarter of the century reflected both a revival of interest in the sport and a desire to record the essential elements of this martial ‘science’ since it was only now that contemporaries believed a full understanding had been achieved of the importance of ‘wind’ (endurance), ‘bottom’ (courage), and ‘science’ (technique). This paper explores a number of texts where authors discussed these essential components of boxing performance and highlights the longevity of their methods of athletic preparation. 相似文献
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Dunja Antunovic 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(13):1551-1573
AbstractIn the 1970s, women’s sport underwent significant change in the United States resulting in an increase of participation opportunities and funding at the interscholastic, intercollegiate, professional and international levels. Yet, media outlets continued to ignore women and, at best, portray them in gender stereotypical ways. Considering the lack of progress for women in sports media coverage, this study employs sport historian Jaime Schultz’s ‘points of change’ framework in order to identify those moments that constituted an ideological shift in the process of covering women’s sport. Drawing upon oral history interviews with journalists who wrote about women’s sport in the 1970s and 1980s, this research provides a deeper look into how journalists experienced and addressed the shifting gender ideologies of the time period. Journalists’ memories, accompanied by their articles, reveal how media practitioners negotiated meanings about femininity and athleticism in response to events that challenged deeply embedded assumptions about gender and its intersections with ethnicity, race and sexuality. This exploratory research, thus, identifies several ‘points of change’ – or points of struggle, conflict and resistance – and calls for a re-periodization of the history of women’s sports coverage. 相似文献
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每个垂钓者都有一个美好的梦想，那就是多钓鱼、多钓大鱼。但正如古语所道：“宁许头猪，不许条鱼”，没有哪个钓鱼人敢打保票自已垂钓肯定就能中鱼。空手而归对钓鱼人而言是再正常不过的事情。每逢遇到这种情况，他们不是推说鱼少，便是抱怨鱼“猾”。但我对他们的观点不敢苟同。再“猾”的鱼儿为了生存也要摄食，只要方法、饵料得当，再“凶”再“猾”的鱼也要上钩。 相似文献
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Dinu Guțu 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(7):914-936
‘Casuals’ culture can be perceived as a postmodern phenomenon, which modifies and changes the football supporter culture in a fully blown consumerist era, where symbol movement is faster every day and implies minimal costs. Throughout this article, I attempted to prove the existence of a certain type of ‘bricolage’, created by recycling a set of brands, symbolically redefined by ultras groups. At the same time, the internalization of the ‘casuals’ movement by Romanian fanatical supporters also denotes the emergence of strong elements of hyper-consumerist culture, of differentiation and status, both at the level of individuals in the groups, as well as at the level of rival supporters groups. ‘Casuals’ style naturally matches the entrance of football and of the culture of supporting a team into postmodernity. 相似文献
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Physical education (PE) remains the subject in coeducational schools that is most likely to be delivered in gender segregated sessions. Decisions to offer single sex lessons are often underpinned by discourses and practices associated with doing gender that emphasise differences in boys' and girls' attitudes, behaviours, abilities and experiences. This investigation employs the concept of ‘undoing’ gender to explore the possibility for alternative interpretations of the issues emerging in coeducation. Examples of ‘undoing gender’ included evidence of girls' and boys' engaging positively during activities, girls' identification of positive aspects of mixed gender, examples of boys' and girls' similarities and shared experiences and awareness of girl' capabilities. The paper concludes that the emphasis on gender difference in explaining problems associated with coeducation such as teasing, harassment and exclusion can mask the ways that these practices are embedded within the structure and organisation of PE and provides recommendations for working towards gender integration. 相似文献
10.
Though agencies, such as the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport and the Australian Sports Drug Agency, argue that much effort is being directed toward educating athletes about the virtues of fair play, the risks of drug use, and the ethics of cheating, the primary focus of government led initiatives is catching cheaters through testing. As a result, a decade following the inaugural Canadian Inquiry random drug testing is an accepted part of the culture of elite sport and is recognised as the most powerful deterrent for prospective abusers. As public confidence rests implicitly upon testing as the best and only direct means to establish a fair level of competition, it is perhaps not surprising that little attention is given to the ethical implications of testing as an invasion of privacy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ethical implications of testing athletes for the use of banned substances and determine if the current course of action is a morally justified suspension of privacy. 相似文献
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Cora Burnett 《Sport, Education and Society》2015,20(7):819-837
This article reports on the ‘uptake’ dynamics and resultant manifestations of a school-based, incentive-driven, sport-for-development programme in the South African context of poverty. The ecological systems theory of Brofenbrenner, the theory of complexity and a neo-liberal framework underpin the social constructions of local meanings associated with programme participation and involvement. Thirty-nine primary schools in the Western Cape Province and four schools in the Eastern Cape Province deliver the programme in partnership with a local foundation. A representative sample of 15 schools, from rural and urban (township) impoverished communities, were selected for a baseline study. A mixed-method approach of the Sport-in Development Impact Assessment Tool was adapted to collect comparative data through 57 interviews, 35 focus group sessions (with 75 teachers and 176 learners) and 159 questionnaires completed by learners and 29 by school and cluster coordinators. Various models of implementation render nuanced findings at meso-, exo- and micro-levels, where interrelated systems, demographic and developmental influences translate into culturally informed sense-making, pro- and anti-social associative behaviours, praxis, institutional empowerment and status-conferring identity constructions. All partners promote a neoliberal approach that limits changes to the underlying social systems, and mostly promote individual and group attributes within the institutional and social world settings of participants. 相似文献
12.
David Aspin 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(1):97-117
The objective of this paper is to consider some of the philosophical problems on gender in sport in terms of practical philosophy by examining previous studies on sports and gender in Japan. The previous studies of the Journal of Sport and Gender Studies, an institutional journal of the Japan Society for Sport and Gender Studies (JSGS), and were reviewed to explain the characteristics and the limits of previous sports-gender studies in Japan to establish the parameters for a philosophical discussion of sport-gender studies. A philosophical examination of the issues of affirmative actions, which is the least discussed topic among those listed in ‘JSGS’, is presented. By revealing fundamental problems in research on sports and gender in Japan, this study may potentially contribute to the resolution of multiple issues surrounding women in sports in Japan. Also, by exposing general and omnipresent problems, the study transcends the limited framework of sports in Japan, and can point to those common and overarching gender issues that need to be resolved around the world. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTAustralia has participated in the world-wide growth of women’s football particularly since the 1970s, but long before that the game was played recreationally and competitively by women in Australia. Women have struggled to overcome active opposition to their taking part in the sport and neglect of their achievements which are considerable. This article provides an outline of the history of the game both nationally and in its international context. It also tries to capture the experience of some of the pioneers of the women’s game and its modern practitioners, revealing some of the ways in which overt and covert discrimination still hinders recognition of their achievements. 相似文献
14.
Robert Snape 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(12):1418-1435
All-in wrestling was established as a spectator sport in the 1930s and appealed primarily to a working-class audience. All-in was controversial because of its excessive violence and its blend of the spectacular and dramatic with sport, which led to accusations that it was not really a sport. Nevertheless, it retained many characteristics of sport, and audiences consumed it as such. All-in wrestling was an outcome of the evolution of a traditional ancient sport into a commercial entertainment and represented an extreme conflation of sport and drama. Using records of All-in wrestling in the Mass Observation Archive, this paper explores the ways in which audiences negotiated the tensions between sport and spectacle. 相似文献
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Thomas Blackwood 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):83-101
Although Japanese schools are generally considered to be one of the most gender-equitable social institutions in Japan, they play an important role in helping to reproduce and naturalize the notion of sex-based separate spheres, through endorsing the maintenance of such separate spheres in extracurricular sports clubs, such as baseball, where female student ‘managers’ act as surrogate mothers to the male team members: cooking, cleaning and engaging in other support work. Furthermore, the Japan High School Baseball Federation (JHBF)'s rule prohibiting female teammates from participating in official games (due to the ‘danger’ of injury to smaller, weaker females) discourages more athletically capable females from joining baseball teams in the first place, so that female students who do join high school baseball teams as players tend to be less likely to be athletically competitive. This both reinforces the image of smaller, weaker females and justifies the JHBF's policy, further strengthening the notion of the appropriateness of separate spheres. Moreover, the mass media encourage this, both by applauding the efforts of the female managers, and by giving details on the physiques of female teammates, thus subtly supporting the argument that females cannot and should not compete with males in baseball (or, by implication, in other male-dominated fields). Thus, these practices help to normalize the idea of sex-based separate spheres at a very real experiential level for high school students, as well as at a symbolic/ideological level for society as a whole. 相似文献
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1951年5月19日发行的“改8”上海大东版单位加字改值票和“改9”香港亚洲版单位加字改值票都是适应当年东北地区实行币制改革的需要而为东北邮区特殊发行的低面值邮票。 在《中华人民共和国邮票目录》上,从“改1”到“改10”,10套加字改值邮票中,唯有“改8”、“改9”两套没有注明在何处加 相似文献
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所谓度,即程度。指事物所达到的境界。做任何事情都必须达列一定的“度”,方能取得良好的效果。体育课堂教学也不例外,要搞好教学提高教学效果,也必须要注意一个“度”的问题。为此要求体育教师课堂教学应把握“十度”。 相似文献
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Steven N. Waller 《Sport in Society》2017,20(9):1241-1258