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1.
目的观察SD大鼠经过4周不同的低氧训练方式后,红细胞免疫调节因子及其免疫功能的变化规律.方法用低氧舱模拟4000m高原低氧环境(12.7%氧浓度),将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组:高住对照组、高住低练组、高住高练组、低住对照组.实验4周,每周6天游泳,1天休息,每天训练1.5 h.结果高住对照组与低住对照组相比,抑制率有显著性提高,IC花环率有非常显著性升高;高住组内相比,抑制率、促进率和C3 b受体花环率没有显著变化,IC花环率则为高住对照组>高住高练组>高住低练组,且三组间均有显著性的差异.结论1)单纯低氧因素对红细胞免疫抑制因子活性的影响较大;2)模拟高原组红细胞免疫功能除了红细胞免疫调节因子影响外,可能还有其他因素的影响;3)4周后,红细胞免疫功能由强到弱大致规律为:低住对照组>高住低练组>高住对照组>高住高练组. 相似文献
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检测不同训练水平的女子赛艇运动员各种不同运动负荷以后血液红细胞免疫功能的变化。结果显示：随着运动负荷的增加，红细胞受体花环率C3bRR呈现先上升后下降的趋势。红细胞免疫复合物ICR呈现先上升后下降的趋势。表明运动训练可影响机体的免疫功能。大负荷的运动训练则引起继发性红细胞免疫功能低下，红细胞免疫指数均降低，免疫力下降。红细胞免疫指数测试取材方便，操作简单。指标灵敏，可为合理安排训练负荷计划提供依据。 相似文献
3.
高住低练对游泳运动员红细胞免疫分子表达及功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究高住低练(HiLo)及恢复期女游泳运动员红细胞免疫功能的变化;方法:2周HiLo开始前、训练中及恢复1周后检测6名运动员红细胞免疫功能的变化,研究内容涉及红细胞CR1黏附功能和CR1、CD55、CD59分子表达;结果:2周HiLo期间RBC-C3bRR明显下降,RBC-ICR升高(P<0.05),恢复1周后,两个指标已恢复到训练前水平,红细胞CR1数量无明显降低,但恢复1周后CR1数量显著性升高(P<0.05);HiLo期间红细胞CD55、CD59数量相比训练前明显增加(P<0.05),而恢复1周后CD55、CD59表达继续增加并明显高于训练前和训练期间的水平(P<0.05);结论:2周HiLo明显抑制了运动员红细胞CR1免疫黏附功能,恢复1周后CR1黏附功能及教量已经恢复,CD55、CD59高表达有利于红细胞抵御补体的攻击,防止溶血. 相似文献
4.
运动与红细胞免疫研究浅论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
红细胞通过CR1粘附循环中的IC等功能参与机体免疫．运动过程中RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR均发生变化．RFER、RFIR、血乳酸和β-内啡肽的变化是可能的影响因素． 相似文献
5.
目的：研究白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠形态、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响。方法：选用昆明小鼠,根据体重将72只小鼠随机分为3组：A组为安静对照组;B组为耐力训练组;C组为耐力训练＋白藜芦醇组。C组小鼠每日给予白藜芦醇10mg/kg灌胃,与B组共同进行6周递增负荷游泳训练,再进行力竭游泳实验。力竭游泳后24h处死小鼠取材,扫描电镜下观察各组小鼠外周血红细胞形态,测定红细胞参数,红细胞SOD活性和MDA含量,全血GSH-Px活性,RBC-C_（3b）RR和RBC-ICR。结果发现,6周耐力训练后,白藜芦醇组小鼠红细胞畸形率显著低于耐力训练组（P〈0.05）;Hb、RBC和Hct都显著高于耐力训练组（P〈0.05）;红细胞MDA含量显著低于耐力训练组（P〈0.05）,但红细胞SOD和全血GSH-Px活性与耐力训练组相比均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,RBC-C_（3b）RR和RBC-ICR显著高于耐力训练组（P〈0.05）。以上结果提示,白藜芦醇在一定程度上能提高耐力训练小鼠红细胞的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,具有保护耐力训练小鼠红细胞的形态和功能的作用。 相似文献
6.
灵芝多糖对高住低训中运动员红细胞CD35数量及活性的调节作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：通过观察4周2500米高住低训过程中，人体红细胞CD35数量和活性变化，探讨灵芝多糖对高住低训中人体红细CD35的影响。方法：以16名北京体育大学体育教育学院足球专项运动员为受试对象，随机分为吃药组和对照组各8名，均为高住低训。两组每晚入住低氧房（O2浓度15．4％，相当于海拔2500米）10小时，每周2次低氧房72％最大摄氧量蹬功率自行车30分钟训练，并且两组每周有3次同一教练执导的专项训练。取吃药前，暴露前、入住10小时、入住2周、3凤4周时清晨静脉血，与相应的荧光标记抗体反应，用流式细胞仪记录其平均荧光强度、阳性细胞率。结果：4周实验后，吃药组和对照组红细胞CD35的表达较实验前分别升高了7．9％和下降了12．8％（P〈0，05），吃药组和对照组红细胞C3b受体花环率较吃药前分别升高了45．9％（P〈0．05）和下降了49．0％（P〈0．05），两组相比有显著性差异，吃药组和对照组红细胞IC花环率较实验前分别升高了99．7％（P〈0．01）和19．5％。结论：灵芝多糖可以明显影响红细胞∞35数量的表达，并且可以调节高住低训实验中出现的运动员红细胞继发性免疫低下的现象。 相似文献
7.
综述了红细胞免疫的作用机理以及运动与红细胞免疫研究的现况：红细胞膜上有C3b受体(CR1)。它是体内循环IC的主要清除者；运动通过影响内分泌、红细胞膜成分和性质、RBC-RFER和RBC-RFIR浓度等因素影响红细胞免疫粘附作用。红细胞免疫粘附可对不现运动应激产生不同应答，基本规律是：低强度短时间运动后红细胞免疫功能提高，较大运动量后即刻红细胞免疫功能下降，但恢复较快，大强度长时间运动或力竭运动可造成红细胞免疫功能下降，并且较长时问难以恢复。 相似文献
8.
运动对红细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对近年来有关文献的综述 ,展示运动与红细胞免疫的研究进展 :红细胞通过CR1粘附IC等功能参与机体免疫 ,运动中RBC—C3bRR和RBC—ICR都发生变化 ,同时对红细胞免疫的深入研究进行展望。 相似文献
9.
60名青年女排运动员分为A(进行大运动量训练)、B(进行一般身体训练)两组,在运动前后的不同时间进行E花环形成试验,同时作白细胞、红细胞及血红蛋白测定。A组大负荷训练后伴随疲劳的出现,免疫机能下降,24小时后恢复;B组免疫机能未下降或下降不明显。 相似文献
10.
运动对大鼠红细胞免疫功能和粒细胞吞噬功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文的研究目的在于探讨不同运动负荷的游泳训练对SD大鼠红细胞免疫功能和粒细胞吞噬功能的影响。本文采用C3b致敏孝母血凝法研究红细胞膜C3b受体活性以及红细胞免疫复合物的变化，采用PEG半定量法测定血清CIC的变化，以及对粒细胞吞噬功能的影响进行研究。结果发现：训练会对大鼠的红细胞免疫功能和粒细胞吞噬功能产生影响，其影响程度与运动负荷的变化有关，本研究提示：中等强度的运动对改善机体的红细胞免疫功能和增强粒细胞吞噬功能均有良好的作用。 相似文献
11.
针炙三阴交穴对小白鼠运动能力与某些免疫指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
许多研究已经证实：中医药对提高运动能力、消除疲劳有一定效果。然而，有关针灸抗运动性疲劳的实验研究报道尚少。为此，我们通过采用小白鼠游泳训练模型，观察针灸三阴交穴在提高小白鼠运动能力、减少或延缓运动性疲劳的发生、纠正运动小白鼠神经——内分泌——免疫调节紊乱等方面的作用，以期为针灸在体育训练和运动保健中的实际应用提供实验依据。 相似文献
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13.
作为交感—肾上腺皮质/髓质系统等传统应激信号系统以外的信号分子,热休克蛋白在免疫机能调节中发挥重要的作用。本文从细胞信号传导的角度,综述热休克蛋白在运动应激下免疫机能的反应和适应过程中的作用。 相似文献
14.
补充谷氨酰胺及大强度训练对赛艇运动员细胞免疫机能影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的观察8w大强度训练和补充谷氨酰胺对细胞免疫机能的影响，以期为赛艇运动员免疫机能的研究提供参考资料。方法采集陕西省赛艇队公开级二线16名男性运动员实验前后晨安静时静脉血5ml测T淋巴细胞亚群和IL-2。结果H组（谷氨酰胺＋大强度训练组）和C组（大强度训练组）运动员8周大强度训练后IL-2较自身安静时都降低，服用谷氨酰胺组（H组）外周血IL-2下降17．9％（P〉0．05）；C组下降48．5％（P〈0．001）；实验后H组CD3^＋无显著性变化，CD4^_上升7．6％（P〉0．05），CD8^＋下降16．6％（P〈0．05），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值升高17．3％（P〈0．05）；C组CD3^＋下降（p〈0．05），CD4^＋下降20．6％（P〈0．05），CD8^＋无明显变化，CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值下降21．0％（P〈0．05）。结论8周大强度训练明显抑制赛艇运动员机体细胞免疫功能，补充谷氨酰胺8w可以提高赛艇运动员细胞免疫功能。 相似文献
15.
N.C. Bishop A.K. Blannin P.J. Robson N.P. Walsh M. Gleeson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):787-796
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) versus placebo (PLA) beverage consumption on the immune and plasma cortisol responses to a soccer-specific exercise protocol in 8 university team soccer players. In a randomized, counterbalanced design, the players received carbohydrate or placebo beverages before, during and after two 90min soccer-specific exercise bouts (3 days apart) designed to mimic the activities performed and the distance covered in a typical soccer match. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, during and after the exercise protocol. Plasma lactate concentration increased to ~4 mmol.l-1 at 45 and 90 min of exercise in both treatments (P? 0.01). Plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower after 90 min of exercise with ingestion of the placebo than the carbohydrate (PLA: 4.57 +/- 0.12 mmol.l-1; CHO: 5.49 +/- 0.11 mmol.l-1; P? 0.01). The pattern of change in plasma cortisol, circulating lymphocyte count and saliva immunoglobulin A secretion did not differ between the carbohydrate and placebo trials. Blood neutrophil counts were 14% higher 1 h after the placebo trial than the carbohydrate trial (PLA: 4.8 =/- 0.5 x 10 9 cells.l-1; CHO:4.2 +/- 0.5 x 10 9 cells.l-1; P=0.06),but the treatment had no effect on the degranulation response of blood neutrophils stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that, although previous studies have shown that carbohydrate feeding is effective in attenuating immune responses to prolonged continuous strenuous exercise, the same cannot be said for a soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol. When overall exercise intensity is moderate,and changes in plasma glucose, cortisol and immune variables are relatively small, it would appear that carbohydrate ingestion has only a minimal influence on the immune response to exercise. 相似文献
16.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
17.
Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
18.
许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
19.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
20.
Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献