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足球比赛阵形是指在比赛中队员的位置排列，是本队攻守力量搭配和职责分工的形式。比赛阵形的选择要根据本队队员的特点和对手的特点来决定，具体运用时要注意以下几点： 相似文献
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比赛阵形是指在比赛中队员的位置排列,是本队攻守力量搭配和职责分工的形式。本文依据现代足球攻防的基本规律和特点,按照时间顺序,将足球比赛阵形的演变分为三个阶段:第一阶段,1863年-1930年;第二阶段,1930年-1970年;第三阶段,1970年至现在。每个阶段主要叙述了阵形中队员位置和人数的演变和本阶段的特点。希望通过本文使读者对足球比赛阵形的演变史有个大致的了解,并能够从中获得对现代足球训练与竞赛有益的启示。 相似文献
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现代足球比赛技巧运用特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对当代足球比赛的总体特征和阵形与队形、攻守技战术等运用特征进行了探讨与归纳，以求足球训练过程中制订的训练计划、训练手段、训练要求等更有助于提高训练效益和比赛水平。 相似文献
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陈向阳 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(12):49-49,55
通过观察比赛录像、收集有关网站资料、查阅相关文献,运用归纳、整理、对比分析等方法对参加第29届奥运会女子足球比赛的中国队和前四强球队进行了技术统计,且对统计数据反映出的中国女足现状进行分析对比。结果表明：中国女足在比赛中有着顽强的拼搏精神,但是与前四强球队之间还有较明显的差距,表现在心理素质不够稳定,进攻欲望不强烈,对足球比赛中的攻守转化需要进一步的加强。 相似文献
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一支球队应能够组成几套阵形,并能够根据临场情况而采用不同的战术打法。机动的战术变换对取得比赛的胜利有重要作用。比赛中,如开始采用攻守力量较均衡的4-3-3阵形(图1),当得球后转入进攻,需要加强进攻力量时,可使中前卫、盯人中卫和自由中卫三个中路队员各向前移动一个位置。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法等，对西班牙足球发展历程进行回顾与梳理，认为西班牙足球经历了历史发展的4个重要时期，即二战前的发轫时期（1945年前）、佛朗哥政治足球时期（1946年至1975年）、民主化时代的变革（1976年至2000年）、新千年后的崛起（2001年至今）。并且认为促成西班牙足球走向崛起的成功因素包括：文化层面，民族文化的独特性、多元性与碰撞性是西班牙走向“艺术足球”顶峰的内部核心动力；管理层面，民主化背景下足球管理体制、足球法制、利益分配机制的改革促使西班牙足球走向制度治理；人才层面，西班牙大众足球基础的夯实以及青少年足球训练体系的改革与科学化构建是西班牙足球走向崛起的人才保障。 相似文献
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采用《80.8神经类型测试量表》测定研究对象的神经类型特征。并运用x~2检验的统计学方法,对实验组和对照组的神经类型分布特征进行了比较分析。结果表明:足球守门员与场上队员的神经类型分布存在高度显著性差异,这种分布特征与位置特征是基本适应的;防守能力较强组守门员的神经类型分布表现出“稳定型接近灵活型”的总体趋势;足球专项训练不能明显地影响运动员的神经类型特征。 相似文献
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Saulo Gil Renato Barroso Everton Crivoi do Carmo Irineu Loturco Ronaldo Kobal Valmor Tricoli 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(17):1923-1929
Resisted sprint training consists of performing overloaded sprints, which may produce greater effects than traditional sprint training. We compared a resisted sprint training with overload control versus an unresisted sprint training program on performance in soccer players. Eighteen elite athletes were randomly assigned to resisted (RST) or unresisted sprint training protocol (UR). Before and after a 6-week training period, sprinting ability, change of direction speed (COD), vertical jumps (SJ and CMJ), mean power (MP) and mean propulsive power (MPP) at distinct loads were assessed. Both groups improved sprinting ability at all distances evaluated (5m: UR = 8%, RST = 7%; 10m: UR = 5%, RST = 5%; 15m: UR = 4%, RST = 4%; 20m: UR = 3%, RST = 3%; 25m: UR = 2%, RST = 3%;), COD (UR = 6%; RST = 6%), SJ (UR = 15%; RST = 13%) and CMJ (UR = 15%; RST = 15%). Additionally, both groups increased MP and MPP at all loads evaluated. The between-group magnitude-based inference analysis demonstrated comparable improvement (“trivial” effect) in all variables tested. Finally, our findings support the effectiveness of a short-term training program involving squat jump exercise plus sprinting exercises to improve the performance of soccer players. 相似文献
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阵地进攻,在篮球进攻整体系统中占有非常重要的地位,采用观察统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对篮球阵地进攻体系结构进行分析,研究表明:阵地进攻是由比赛队员的各种个体进攻,不同区域上2～3名队员之间的小组配合进攻,以及在这两者基础之上的全队整体战术进攻三方面共同构成的;三者之间是一种相互依赖、相互联系同时又相对独立的辩证关系;三者作为基本的组成要素,以它们之间的各种有机联系为基础,并以特定的结构构成一种具有整体功能的阵地进攻系统. 相似文献
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中外优秀足球运动员身高、体重特征的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
身高、体重是足球运动员最重要的身体形态指标。通过对中外优秀足球运动员的身高、体重的比较研究，寻求我国足球运动水平与世界足球强国的差距所在。 相似文献
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探讨过早大强度专业化力量训练是否对足球运动员下肢形态存在影响,从而科学地进行足球训练。方法:对原陕西省足球队二级以上的运动员25名与体育院系足球学生25名以及普通高校学生25名的下肢形态的相关指标进行对比。实验结果显示:体育院系学生与普通高校学生的下肢形态没有明显差异(P>0.05);原陕西省足球队与普通高校学生有明显差异(p<0.001),足球队运动员的腿部接近于“O”型以及脚尖略微内扣。结论:过早大强度专业化力量足球训练会对运动员下肢形态存在消极的影响。 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):341-346
Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of changes in the number of ball contacts allowed per individual possession on the physiological, technical, and physical demands within small-sided games in elite soccer. Twenty international players (age 27.4±1.5 years, body mass 79.2±4.2 kg, height 1.81±0.02 m, velocity at [Vdot]O2max 17.4±0.8 km ·h?1, percent body fat 12.7±1.2%) performed three different small-sided game formats (i.e. 2 vs. 2; 3 vs. 3; 4 vs. 4) on three different occasions in which the number of ball contacts authorized per possession was fixed (one touch, two touches, and free play). The relative pitch per player ratio was similar for all small-sided games. The small-sided games were performed with four support players (placed around the perimeter of pitch) with instructions to keep possession of the ball. The total duration of the small-sided games was the effective time of play. The physical demands, technical requirements, heart rates, post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. The percentages of successful passes and numbers of duels were significantly lower when the small-sided game was played with one touch (P<0.001), whereas the number of balls lost increased (P<0.001 for 2 vs. 2 and 3 vs. 3; P<0.01 for 4 vs. 4). The small-sided game played with one touch also induced increases in blood lactate concentration and RPE, as well as greater physical demands in the total distance covered in sprinting and high-intensity runs. In conclusion, the main findings of this study are that by altering the number of ball contacts authorized per possession in small-sided games, the coach can manipulate both the physical and technical demands within such games. 相似文献
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Bradley PS Carling C Archer D Roberts J Dodds A Di Mascio M Paul D Diaz AG Peart D Krustrup P 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(8):821-830
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical performance during elite soccer matches. Twenty English FA Premier League games were analysed using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system (n = 153 players). Overall ball possession did not differ (P < 0.05) between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations (50%, s = 7 vs. 49%, s = 8 vs. 44%, s = 6). No differences were observed in high-intensity running between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. Compared with 4-4-2 and 4-3-3 formations, players in a 4-5-1 formation performed less very high-intensity running when their team was in possession (312 m, s = 196 vs. 433 m, s = 261 vs. 410 m, s = 270; P 5 0.05) but more when their team was not in possession (547 m, s = 217 vs. 461 m, s = 156 vs. 459 m, s = 169; P < 0.05). Attackers in a 4-3-3 performed ~30% more (P < 0.05) high-intensity running than attackers in 4-4-2 and 4-5-1 formations. However, the fraction of successful passes was highest in a 4-4-2 (P < 0.05) compared with 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. The results suggest that playing formation does not influence the overall activity profiles of players, except for attackers, but impacts on very high-intensity running activity with and without ball possession and some technical elements of performance. 相似文献
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Philip E. Riches 《Sports Engineering》2006,9(1):39-47
This study develops a dynamic model of head acceleration, which incorporates physiologically related neck muscle contributions,
to further the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the head-neck system during soccer heading. An inverted pendulum
is combined with a linear visco-elastic element to model the head-neck system following a half-sine input force. Model parameter
values were varied to obtain agreement with previously published experimental data (Naunheimet al., 2003), and were subsequently compared to literature values. The model predicted the same mechanical angular kinematics as
observed experimentally both during and post impact. The greatest acceleration was in the anterior direction at the instant
the ball left the head, attributed to the elastic stiffness of the neck musculature. The head-neck stiffness and damping coefficients
determined from the model (350 N m rad-1 and 4 N m s rad-1, respectively) were similar to those reported elsewhere when subjects were asked to resist maximally. The model may be subsequently
used to investigate differences in technique and ability with respect to the salient model parameters to further our biomechanical
understanding of soccer heading. 相似文献