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1.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(1):17-24
Abstract In the context of a national inquiry into the teaching of literacy in Australia, an investigation of beliefs about early reading and spelling instruction and knowledge of metalinguistics of primary pre‐service teachers in Western Australia was undertaken. We also sought to discover how confident this group felt about teaching reading and spelling and how their teacher training could better prepare them for these complex and challenging tasks. Results indicated that pre‐service teachers in this particular sample were strongly in favour of code‐based instruction and believed that it was important to know how to assess and teach phonological awareness and phonics. Despite these beliefs, it was found that knowledge of spoken and written language structure and linguistics terminology was not well developed and only 7 per cent of participants stated that they felt well prepared to teach reading and spelling. These findings highlight a disparity between what educators know and believe and what convergent research purports as effective early reading and spelling instruction. 相似文献
2.
Ruth Fielding‐Barnsley Corresponding author Nola Purdie 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2005,33(1):65-76
The aim of the current research was to examine pre‐service, general and special education teachers' attitudes to and knowledge of metalinguistics (awareness of language structure) in the process of learning to read. Effective teachers of reading, writing, and spelling need to understand the relationship between speech and print because these basic language processes are often deficient in cases of reading failure. Teachers also need to be knowledgeable in this area to benefit from psychologist and specialist reports. Using a questionnaire adapted from the Teacher attitudes about early reading and spelling survey and the Survey of linguistic knowledge, 93 pre‐service teachers; 209 general teachers and 38 special education teachers were surveyed. Results indicate a positive attitude to but poor knowledge of metalinguistics in the process of learning to read. Special education teachers performed significantly higher than both other groups on aspects of attitude and knowledge. 相似文献
3.
The current study aimed to examine teachers’ reported spelling assessment and instruction practices. Analysis of the match between teachers’ theoretical beliefs about spelling and their reported pedagogy was conducted to elucidate factors that may support or impede the use of evidence-based teaching strategies in the classroom. An electronic survey was completed by 405 randomly selected (stratified by region and socioeconomic status) elementary school teachers in New Zealand. The survey examined the following areas: spelling assessment, spelling instruction, beliefs about spelling, preparing teachers to teach spelling, and teachers’ perceived strengths and weaknesses of their spelling program. There was large variability in spelling assessment and instructional practices across teachers. Most respondents reported implementing some aspects of a developmental approach to spelling instruction through analysis of children’s spelling errors (64 %) and/or individualization of the spelling program (60 %). There was a large dissociation between teachers’ beliefs about spelling and their frequency of use of specific instructional practices associated with those beliefs (e.g., phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge). The mismatch between beliefs and reported practice appeared to be due to lack of professional knowledge regarding implementing explicit spelling instruction and finding time to teach spelling within the curriculum. Increasing teachers’ knowledge about language structure, practical implementation of key assessment and instruction activities, and the links between spelling and other areas of the curriculum are important factors in improving spelling pedagogical practices. 相似文献
4.
Zarić Jelena Hasselhorn Marcus Nagler Telse 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2021,36(1):21-43
It is widely accepted that general intelligence and phonological awareness contribute to children’s acquisition of reading and spelling skills. A further candidate in this regard is orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about permissible letter patterns). It consists of two components, word-specific (i.e., the knowledge of the spelling of specific words) and general orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about legal letter patterns of a writing system). Among German students, previous studies have shown that word-specific orthographic knowledge contributes to both reading and spelling. The results regarding general orthographic knowledge and its contribution to reading and spelling are inconsistent. The major goal of the present study was to determine the incremental predictive value of orthographic knowledge for reading and spelling skills among German elementary-school children (N = 66), over and above the contribution of general intelligence and phonological awareness. The second goal was to examine whether there is a difference between the two subtypes of orthographic knowledge in the amount of their respective contribution to reading and spelling performance. The results show that word-specific as well as general orthographic knowledge contribute to both reading and spelling performance, over and above intelligence and phonological awareness. Furthermore, it reveals that both word-specific and general orthographic knowledge explain more variance of spelling compared to reading. Possible explanations for these results, limitations, and implications of the study are being discussed.
相似文献5.
6.
Rhona Stainthorp 《教育心理学》2004,24(6):753-765
Recent national developments in the teaching of literacy in the early years in the UK mean that teachers need to have explicit fluent knowledge of the sound structure of the language and its relationship to orthography in order to teach reading effectively. In this study, a group of 38 graduate trainee primary teachers were given a pencil and paper test of phonological awareness as part of a course on teaching literacy. Results from the pencil and paper test were used as the basis of teaching about the sound structure of words. The test was repeated six months later. The results showed that they did not use a consistent system for segmenting words into component sounds. Though there was substantial improvement on second testing, many trainees still did not show evidence that they had yet developed sufficient insights into the sound structure of words to be able to teach children about phonemes with certainty. It is argued that student teachers need substantial explicit training and practice in manipulating the sound structure of words to enable them to teach this aspect of language confidently. 相似文献
7.
The use of analogies in language teaching: Representing the content of teachers' practical knowledge 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study sought to determine how experienced language teachers use analogies to help students comprehend a text on the course of their regular teaching routines. It is assumed that analogies constitute one important component of the content of teachers' practical knowledge in the context of reading-comprehension instruction. The framework of the study drew from Shulman's notion of 'pedagogical content knowledge'; the perspective was the analogy-provider (e.g. teacher or textbook author). Eight lessons taught by eight different teachers were observed and analysed for the presence of analogies. The frequent use of analogies, continuously under discussion in the literature about science education, seems at least open to question. The research suggests that teacher education programmes for language teaching should include information about developing and evaluating instructional analogies. 相似文献
8.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(1):99-110
Recent Australian and international government reports refer to the importance of teacher knowledge in the sound structure of language and its relationship to beginning reading. In this study, a group of 162 pre-service teachers responded to a questionnaire including questions related to their attitudes towards using phonics instruction in the teaching of reading, their knowledge of phonemic awareness and how well prepared they felt to teach beginning reading. Results indicated that most pre-service teachers agreed that phonics was important in teaching reading. However, even though most teachers were able to correctly identify the concept of a phoneme, most could not transfer this knowledge to the counting of phonemes in words. Results also indicated that most pre-service teachers did not feel well prepared to teach beginning readers. It is suggested that these teachers need explicit training in understanding the sound structure of language in order to become effective teachers of reading. 相似文献
9.
Relations between early reading and writing skills among Spanish-speaking language minority children
Although there is a growing body of literature on the development of reading skills of Spanish-speaking language minority children, little research has focused on the development of writing skills in this population. This study evaluated whether children’s Spanish early reading skills (i.e., print knowledge, phonological awareness, oral language) were related to their Spanish and English early writing skills using a sample of 554 children whose home language was Spanish. Multivariate regression analyses with simultaneous outcomes (Spanish and English invented spelling skills) were conducted to evaluate whether children’s early reading and writing skills were related across languages. Results indicated that children’s print knowledge and phonological awareness skills, but not oral language skills, were significantly related to their Spanish and English invented spelling skills. Spanish early literacy skills were not differentially related to Spanish and English reading and writing skills. The magnitude of the relations between print knowledge and oral language skills and children’s invented spelling skills varied as a function of child age; however, the magnitude of the relation between phonological awareness and invented spelling skills did not differ as a function of child age. Furthermore, results suggested that language minority children’s early reading and writing skills are related but distinct constructs and that children may be able to apply information gained from learning to read and write in their first language when learning to write in their second language. 相似文献
10.
Are preservice teachers prepared to teach struggling readers? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reading disabilities such as dyslexia, a specific learning disability that affects an individual’s ability to process written
language, are estimated to affect 15–20% of the general population. Consequently, elementary school teachers encounter students
who struggle with inaccurate or slow reading, poor spelling, poor writing, and other language processing difficulties. However,
recent evidence may suggest that teacher preparation programs are not providing preservice teachers with information about
basic language constructs and other components related to scientifically based reading instruction. As a consequence preservice
teachers have not exhibited explicit knowledge of such concepts in previous studies. Few studies have sought to assess preservice
teachers’ knowledge about dyslexia in conjunction with knowledge of basic language concepts. The purpose of the present study
was to examine elementary school preservice teachers’ knowledge of basic language constructs and their perceptions and knowledge
about dyslexia. Findings from the present study suggest that preservice teachers, on average, are able to display implicit
skills related to certain basic language constructs (i.e., syllable counting), but fail to demonstrate explicit knowledge
of others (i.e., phonics principles). Also, preservice teachers seem to hold the common misconception that dyslexia is a visual
perception deficit rather than a problem with phonological processing. Implications for future research as well as teacher
preparation are discussed. 相似文献
11.
C Goldfus 《Annals of dyslexia》2012,62(3):204-221
This study examined the knowledge that teachers need in order to become successful early reading teachers in English as a foreign language. The findings showed that in-service teachers had better content knowledge than pre-service teachers, although the results indicated overall low performance and insufficiently developed concepts about the structure of language, spelling rules, and academic terminology in both groups. 相似文献
12.
A major conclusion from the last decade of research on children with poor reading performance is that early, systematic instruction in phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondences improves early reading and spelling skills and results in a reduction of the number of students who are reading below grade level. To teach reading to at-risk students and students with learning disabilities, teachers need to have positive perceptions regarding the role of systematic, explicit instruction, as well as knowledge of English language structure. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions and knowledge of general educators at two professional levels toward early literacy instruction for students at risk for reading failure. Unfortunately, our findings are similar to those obtained by Moats in 1994: Many general education teachers, at both preservice and inservice levels, are not prepared adequately for this challenging task. 相似文献
13.
After rating their own literacy-related knowledge in three areas (knowledge about reading/reading development, phonemic awareness/phonics,
and morpheme awareness/structural analysis), graduate teacher-education students completed five tasks intended to measure
their actual disciplinary knowledge in these areas. Teachers with high levels of prior background (i.e., course preparation
and experience) rated themselves as significantly more knowledgeable than did low-background teachers in all areas; high-background
participants also significantly outperformed low-background participants on all tasks. However, even high-background teachers
scored well below ceiling on the tasks. Regression analyses indicated that teachers’ self-perceptions and knowledge were positively
influenced by both level of preparation and teaching experience, although the influences on teachers’ knowledge differed by
task. Teachers had some accurate perceptions of their own knowledge, especially in the area of phonics. Results suggest that
differentiating levels of preparation may be useful in studying teacher knowledge, and also support the notion of a substantial
gap between research on reading and teacher preparation in reading. 相似文献
14.
《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(2):145-160
Grade 5 teachers, who were nominated by their supervisors as effective in educating their students to be readers and writers, responded to questionnaires about their practice. The teachers claimed commitments to (a) extensive reading at the heart of their reading instruction; (b) diverse instructional activities (e.g., whole-group instruction, small-group instruction, cooperative grouping, individual reading); (c) teaching of both word-level and higher order (e.g., comprehension, critical thinking) skills and processes; (d) development of student background knowledge; (e) student writing, including teaching of mechanics and higher order composition skills (e.g., planning, drafting, revising as a process); (f) extensive evaluation of literacy competencies using diverse assessments; (g) integration of literacy and content-area instruction; and (h) commitment to practices that promote student motivation for reading and writing. Excellent literacy instruction is a balanced articulation of many components, including whole language experiences and skills instruction. 相似文献
15.
Considering linguistic and orthographic features in early literacy acquisition: Evidence from Korean
Young-Suk Kim 《Contemporary educational psychology》2011,36(3):177-189
This study investigated (1) the role of syllable awareness in word reading and spelling after accounting for the effects of print-related skills (letter-name and letter-sound knowledge, and rapid serial naming), and (2) unique contributions of orthographic, semantic (vocabulary and morphological awareness), phonological, and print-related predictors to word reading and spelling for 4- and 5-year old Korean-speaking children (N = 168). Syllable awareness was found to be positively related to word reading and spelling after accounting for print-related skills and phoneme awareness. Letter-name knowledge and orthographic awareness were uniquely related to word reading and spelling after accounting for other language and literacy-related skills. In addition, phoneme awareness was uniquely related to spelling whereas rapid serial naming was uniquely related to word reading, after accounting for other language and literacy-related skills. Semantic knowledge such as vocabulary and morphological awareness were not related to either word reading or spelling after accounting for other language and literacy-related skills. Word reading and spelling remained uniquely and positively related to each other. These findings are discussed in light of crosslinguistic variation in early literacy acquisition. 相似文献
16.
Teachers’ acquisition of knowledge about English word structure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Previous research suggests that teachers’ knowledge about English word structure (e.g., the phonological structure of words
and common orthographic patterns in English) may be limited, although this knowledge is important for effective teaching of
word decoding. This study examined teacher education students’ knowledge about word structure, and improvements in their knowledge
as a result of instruction, using three tasks: graphophonemic segmentation, classification of pseudowords by syllable type,
and classification of real words as phonetically regular or irregular. Participants came from a special education certification
program and included both preservice and inservice teachers. Results indicated that prior preparation to teach reading influenced
participants’ initial performance on two of the three word-structure tasks (all but graphophonemic segmentation); however,
prior experience in teaching reading did not influence word-structure knowledge. A subset of participants who received specific
instruction about word structure improved their knowledge relative to a comparison group of teacher education students who
did not receive word-structure instruction. Prior preparation did not influence participants’ responsiveness to instruction.
Conclusions support the viewpoint that teacher education must include information about English word structure for educators
who will teach reading and suggest that sufficiently intensive instruction may be important in developing word-structure knowledge. 相似文献
17.
Perceptions and knowledge of preservice and inservice educators about early reading instruction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Candace Bos Nancy Mather Shirley Dickson Blanche Podhajski David Chard 《Annals of dyslexia》2001,51(1):97-120
A major conclusion from research regarding children with poor reading performance is that early, systematic instruction in
phonological awareness and phonics improves early reading and spelling skills and results in a reduction of the number of
students who read below grade level. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions and knowledge of presevice and
inservice educators about early reading instruction. The results indicated that these educators expressed positive attitudes
toward explicit and implicit code instruction, with inservice educators more positive about explicit code instruction than
preservice educators and preservice educators more positive about implicit code instruction. Preservice and inservice educators
demonstrated limited knowledge of phonological awareness or terminology related to language structure and phonics. Additionally,
they perceived themselves as only somewhat prepared to teach early reading to struggling readers. These findings indicate
a continuing mismatch between what educators believe and know and what convergent research supports as effective early reading
instruction for children at risk for reading difficulties. Implications support continuing efforts to inform and reform teacher
education.
Just prior to publication, the editorial office was informed of the untimely death of the first author, Candace Bos, who died
on August 13, 2001. 相似文献
18.
Mary Murray Autry Joohi Lee Jill Fox 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(2):138-149
ABSTRACTDecision-making is essential for the work of teaching. Preservice teachers must learn to leverage knowledge about young readers’ strengths, needs, and interests in order to plan and teach guided reading lessons skillfully. However, limited research examines preservice teachers’ decision-making based on what they know about individual children. In this qualitative case study, we report findings from 12 preservice teachers enrolled in a reading methods course who used teacher knowledge to inform their teaching decisions for guided reading lessons with Kindergarteners. Findings reveal how participants used knowledge of learners to make planning as well as in-the-moment teaching decisions. The data show that most of these decisions were lesson planning decisions about text selection and word solving strategies, indicating that participants were beginning to engage in responsive teaching strategies. This study makes a new contribution to early childhood teacher education literature by underscoring the significance of learner knowledge in the context of authentic teaching practice while learning to teach guided reading to young children. 相似文献
19.
《校园英语(教研版)》2015,(31):14-15
The introduction and development of schema models plays a significant role in second language reading.It has a profound impact on the field.Of course,schema approach has its own aspects that it is good at dealing with. These aspects may have a number of advantages both for students and teachers such as raising awareness of the importance of cultural differences,background knowledge,giving guidelines to students' learning and teachers' teaching of vocabulary and grammatical knowledge.By considering the limitations of their application to TESOL,and by evaluating the good points,some directions about second language teaching will be suggested. 相似文献
20.
对外汉语专业人才培养的主要目标是培养国际汉语教学合格师资,其人才培养方案由专业课程教学体系和专业立体化实践教学体系构成。立体化实践教学体系的八个层面构建和各层面相对独立而又相互关联的实践运作,是实现理论基础知识＋实践能力培养、第二语言应用能力、国际意识和跨文化交际能力、涉外项目的设计、组织、实施能力培养的实践教学平台。学习型社团的学习和实践活动,对对外汉语专业国际汉语教师培养有实现性。 相似文献