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1.
19世纪末20世纪初,修筑铁路是帝国主义对华资本输出的主要形式。中国东北铁路主要控制在日俄的手中,它们借助铁路将其政治、经济、军事势力逐渐渗入到东北。为了抗击日俄,中国东北政府和人民采取了多种形式修筑铁路,不仅包含着抵制和反抗侵略的内涵,而且还带动了东北资源的开发和经济发展。  相似文献   

2.
论“满铁”对中国“明暗双轨”的经济掠夺   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
“满铁”对中国东北物产的经济掠夺,其手段一是以大连港、南满铁路和安奉铁路为主要交通,疯狂掠夺中国东北的煤、大豆、玉米等物产的“明轨”;二是以开采东北矿产、利用东北的农副产品发展加工业为主的“暗轨”,给中国特别是东北地区民族工业的破坏异常严重  相似文献   

3.
唐绍仪为东北铁路发展做出了许多努力,收回吉长铁路自办权,试图筹办新法铁路,与日交涉改筑安奉铁路问题,这在一定程度上维护了东北的路权。  相似文献   

4.
中东铁路是中国与俄罗斯两国共同建成   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中东铁路是一个没有成为“合股企业”的“合股”企业。有一种误解,就是认为中东铁路完全是沙俄自己建造的。事实是中东铁路是中国与俄罗斯两国共同建设而成的。中东铁路具有多重性质。这样一个丁字形的铁路网,结束了东北交通干线上马车、牛车的时代,成为东北交通大动脉。但是,中东铁路在1920年以前是沙俄与日本进行争霸和侵略中国东北的工具。在这一时段里,他们严重地侵犯了中国的国家主权,涉及政治、军事、经济等等。对中东铁路全面的否定,不真实;对中东铁路全面的肯定,不客观。还是要实事求是。  相似文献   

5.
铁路是经济发展的先驱,在一定程度上促进了东北地区的近代化进程。日俄两国在东北铁路网的资本很大一部分是强行输入的,两国经营铁路的主要目标是侵略与掠夺,尽管我们无法忽略其客观作用效果,但这永远不能与它所带来的破坏性、侵略性以及对东北人民的压迫相提并论。它给东北地区所带来的深重灾难罄竹难书,根本不是这些客观作用效果所能弥补得了的。  相似文献   

6.
20世纪20年代,京奉铁路债务偿还因东北政治局势的变化而陷入困局。第一次直奉战争后,张作霖退据关外,为防直系军队追击,派兵控制了奉天到山海关之间的铁路,并夺取该段铁路收入,拒绝偿还京奉铁路的各项债务。第二次直奉战争后,张作霖控制了京奉铁路全线,将铁路收入之余利用于东北铁路建设,致使京奉铁路债务偿还出现阻滞。中英公司作为债权方的代表,多次与奉系展开谈判,却因无有效的反制手段而常处于被动地位。东北易帜后,京奉铁路债务纠纷得到初步解决。京奉铁路债务纠纷的处理既呈现了英国对日本在中国东北地区的势力扩张所采取的被动应对之策,还彰显了近代铁路事业发展与区域政治格局之间的内在关系。  相似文献   

7.
1921年到1931年九.一八事变前,东北地方当局和商民掀起了一个自建铁路的高潮位,居全国自建自营铁路之首。东北的自建铁路是在特殊的历史背景下进行的,全部利用本国的资金和技术力量,具有详密的计划和有效的组织管理机构,与日交涉贯穿筑路始终,自建铁路实现了与社会经济互动发展。  相似文献   

8.
铁路的修建给近代东北区域经济发展造成了巨大的影响,然而这种影响并不是均衡的。铁路所到之处与铁路不达地区,经济发展差异巨大;铁路沿线不同区域所呈现出的经济发展景观也有着明显的差异。这种差异的产生与铁路修建前后东北移民涌入、新交通体系导致的市镇变化和列强殖民地铁路发展政策有着必然的联系。  相似文献   

9.
日俄战争是1904~1905年日本和俄国为争夺中国东北及朝鲜进行的一场战争。在战争中美国采取了支持日本的政策,这是美国和俄国在争夺中国东北问题上矛盾发展的结果,其目的是企图通过支持日本以遏制俄国,进而扩张美国在中国东北的势力。美国对中国东北觊觎已久,但是美国在中国东北的扩张一直遭到俄国的抵制。甲午中日战争以后,美国企图变中国东北为自己的“势力范围”。由于军事实力不是欧洲列强的对手,美国主要依靠自己的经济优势与其他列强在中国东北展开争夺,主要是争夺中东铁路的修筑权。1896年俄国和  相似文献   

10.
作为晚清铁路建设的主要主持人之一,张之洞的铁路外债思想深刻地影响着中国近代铁路建设进程.文章从铁路外债思想的演变过程、以夷制夷的制衡策略、让利争权的维权思想三个方面阐述张之洞的铁路外债观.让利争权的维权思想,体现了张之洞的国家主权意识.以夷制夷的制衡策略在一定程度上取得成效,但不能从根本上解决晚清铁路外债受制于人、利权外溢的局面.  相似文献   

11.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

12.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

13.
汉字倒说     
汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。  相似文献   

14.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

16.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

17.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

18.
Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.  相似文献   

19.
钱生钱!     
我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了  相似文献   

20.
The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.  相似文献   

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