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欺负行为一直受到发展心理学家的关注,但针对幼儿的研究较少。本研究依据欺负行为发生的冷认知理论,采用实验干预法,对有欺负行为的幼儿进行了为期一个月的移情训练。实验结果表明,通过移情训练可以有效减少幼儿的欺负行为。 相似文献
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关于欺负者的社会认知能力主要有两种理论:社会信息加工理论和冷认知理论.从这两种研究范式得出了欺负者的两种形象:社会技能缺陷儿童和社会技能良好儿童.两种理论的分歧体现在三个方面:对欺负行为及社会能力的界定不一致;两种研究取向所关注的研究指标不同;两种研究取向选取的被试存在差异.未来研究的主要方向是考察不同欺负类型欺负者的社会信息加工特点和心理理论水平,考察社会认知能力良好的欺负者的移情能力及欺负者的道德判断和情绪特点. 相似文献
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魏晓娟 《中小学心理健康教育》2007,(3)
本研究采用问卷调查和访谈法,对小学生的欺负行为及欺负卷入儿童的归因方式进行了研究.研究结果发现,小学校园欺负问题比较严重,欺负卷入儿童对模糊情境的认知归因存在缺陷.鉴于小学欺负现象的普遍性,教育者应采取相应措施控制和减少欺负行为的发生. 相似文献
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魏晓娟 《中小学心理健康教育》2007,(2S):7-9
本研究采用问卷调查和访谈法，对小学生的欺负行为及欺负卷入儿童的归因方式进行了研究。研究结果发现，小学校园欺负问题比较严重，欺负卷入儿童对模糊情境的认知归因存在缺陷。鉴于小学欺负现象的普遍性，教育者应采取相应措施控制和减少欺负行为的发生。 相似文献
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欺负行为作为一种攻击行为一直受到学者和公众的广泛关注,但人们关注的大多是欺负行为给欺负者与受欺负者带来的身心伤害,对欺负事件中的旁观者群体研究还不足.本文将在已有研究的基础上从旁观者的分类、旁观者的行为理论、影响因素等几个方面来对欺负中的旁观者行为进行较为系统的梳理,以期为后续研究及实践干预提供理论依据. 相似文献
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本研究采用结构性行为取样的方法,对4个年龄段的儿童在校欺负行为进行观察和分析,结果表明:学龄前儿童欺负行为的发生频率要高于学龄儿童,不同年龄段的欺负者、受欺负者及旁观者人数均有显著差异;欺负者中男生明显多于女生,受欺负者中女生明显多于男生,旁观者中各角色也存在显著的性别差异;在欺负行为中,5岁之前以攻击欺负为主,5岁之后以被动欺负为主;5岁之前儿童主要是身体欺负,5岁以后以言语欺负为主,7岁以后关系欺负行为增多. 相似文献
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对于移情与亲社会行为的一般研究,可以追溯到十八世纪中期,移情被认为是一种使社会生活成为可能的基本人际关联结构。而对移情这一重要课题的实验研究是一直到二十世纪才开始的;对移情与亲社会行为相互关系的研究表明,移情与亲社会行为之间有着复杂而密切的联系。首先,移情在促进和保持亲社会行为的过程中起到了重要作用;其次,移情是产生亲社会行为的一种直接动力。 相似文献
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本文通过对欺负行为以及女生欺负行为具体研究结果入手，讨论了女生欺负行为的特点和具体的干预措施。 相似文献
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In efforts to increase the field and society's understanding of bullying, the authors investigated how various forms of attachment (mother, peer, and school) are directly and indirectly related to bullying behavior through empathy, and whether these relationships are moderated by gender. Adolescents, of grades 7 through 9, from one middle school in Seoul were surveyed. Using structural equation modeling, the study identified significant gender differences in the direct and indirect effects of attachment on bullying behavior. For male students, greater school attachment was directly related to less bullying behavior and maternal and peer attachment had indirect effects on bullying behavior, mediated by student cognitive empathy. For female students greater maternal attachment was directly related to less bullying behavior, and peer attachment had an indirect effect on bullying behavior, mediated by student affective empathy. The study provides evidence supporting increased emphasis on empathy development in bullying prevention programs. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to test the direction of effect in the relationship between bullying and empathy. The participants were 205 sixth‐grade students, randomly selected from urban and rural schools in Cyprus. A six‐month, two‐time‐point longitudinal design was used in which the participants completed the bullying subscale of the Revised Bullying and Victimisation Questionnaire (BVQ‐R) and the Basic Empathy Scale. The results of this study showed that bullying at Time 1 negatively predicted the affective component of empathy at Time 2. Moreover, children’s affective empathy at Time 1 negatively predicted bullying at Time 2. The results of this study indicate towards a reciprocal model of understanding the relationship between bullying and empathy. 相似文献
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This research examined whether prospective teachers’ emotion regulation styles, dispositional empathy, and conceptions of competent student emotion and behavior were predictive of their attitudes about bullying and proposed responses to peer conflict. Overall, participants perceived physical bullying as more serious than verbal and relational bullying. Prospective teachers also expressed higher levels of sympathy for victims and a greater likelihood of intervention in response to physical bullying. Regression analyses demonstrated that valuing emotional competence and the role of teachers in supporting its development were meaningfully associated with expressed support for victims and with proposed responses to the perpetrators of this type of classroom aggression. Interestingly, those respondents who reported higher levels of situationally specific sympathy for victims (and not dispositional empathy) also reported that they would be more likely than their counterparts to intervene on their behalf. The emotional reactivity component of dispositional empathy was, however, positively associated with regulated responses to peer conflict involving a difficult child. The emotion regulation variables, although associated with the outcome measures in correlational analyses, were not unique predictors of prospective teachers’ bullying attitudes. 相似文献
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The present study examined possible interactive links between empathy (cognitive and affective), moral disengagement (MD) and various bullying forms using a mediation model in 301 Greek early adolescents (10–12 years old). Results indicated that both dimensions of empathy were significantly negatively correlated, whereas MD was positively correlated with bullying forms. Two mediation models were tested separately for each gender. Mediation analysis indicated that boys with low affective, but not cognitive, empathy were more likely to demonstrate morally disengaged behaviour which in turn increased self-reported bullying involvement. Moreover, boys with high MD were more likely to report cognitive and affective empathy which resulted in greater direct and indirect relational bullying. In the case of girls, low affective and cognitive empathy evoked highly morally disengaged behaviour which triggered greater involvement in several bullying forms. Finally, cognitive and affective empathy partially mediated the link between MD and all forms of bullying for girls. The findings are discussed in the light of the relevant literature and implications for practice. 相似文献
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Stuart W. Twemlow Bridget K. Biggs Timothy D. Nelson Eric M. Vernberg Peter Fonagy Stephen W. Twemlow 《Psychology in the schools》2008,45(10):947-959
This study evaluated the Gentle Warrior Program, a traditional martial arts–based intervention to reduce aggression in children, as it was implemented in three elementary schools. The sample consisted of 254 children in grades 3, 4, and 5 who participated in the Gentle Warrior Program as part of a larger school violence intervention. Results indicated that boys who participated in more Gentle Warrior sessions reported a lower frequency of aggression and greater frequency of helpful bystanding (i.e., helpful behavior toward victims of bullying) over time, relative to boys with less frequent participation. The effect of participation on aggression was partially mediated by empathy. The effect of participation on helpful bystanding was fully mediated by changes in student empathy. No significant results were found for girls. Results of the study provide preliminary support for the use of martial arts–based interventions to address bullying in schools for boys, by teaching empathy, self‐control, and peaceful strategies to resolve conflicts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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This study with 326 girls-school teachers developed and tested a model of predictors of the likelihood that teachers will intervene in indirect bullying, and evaluated a professional development presentation. Teachers responded to bullying vignettes before and after a presentation on indirect bullying (Experimentals) or adolescent mental health (Controls). In accord with the model, perceived seriousness of indirect bullying mediated between empathy for victims and likelihood of intervening. Self-efficacy also had a direct effect on likelihood of intervention, though level of knowledge of the impact of indirect bullying made only a small contribution. Compared with Controls, the Experimental Group scored more highly, after the presentation, on perceived seriousness of indirect bullying, empathy for victims, likelihood of intervening and self-efficacy, but not on knowledge of impact. It is concluded that teacher education about indirect bullying may be most effective if it focuses on feelings rather than facts, and provides practical intervention strategies. 相似文献
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Baki Duy 《Psychology in the schools》2013,50(10):987-1002
In the present study, attitudes of elementary school teachers toward different types of bullying (verbal, physical, and relational) were investigated. Six written vignettes describing all types of bullying were given to 405 elementary school teachers (F = 218; M = 187). Results indicated that teachers perceived relational bullying, specifically, social exclusion, less serious than verbal and physical bullying. Unlike previous findings, however, the teachers considered verbal bullying behaviors more serious than physical bullying behaviors and were also more empathetic toward the victim physically bullied and the victim verbally bullied than the victim relationally bullied. Coherent with the findings of empathy, they were also more likely to intervene in verbal and physical bullying behaviors than relational bullying behaviors. Gender of the participant was a significant factor for all variables. The most rated intervention strategy was having a serious talk with the bully, regardless of the type of victimization. Multiple regression analysis illustrated that seriousness and empathy scores both predicted the need for intervention scores significantly in all types of bullying. The findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing teachers’ awareness and knowledge about all types of bullying, their consequences, and intervention skills to lessen bullying behaviors. 相似文献
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The present study focuses on student teachers as a prospective special resource in the prevention of school bullying in the course of their future professional careers. Special attention is paid to the influence the respondents' own childhood experiences of bullying may have in this regard. To investigate this question, we assessed the respondents' estimations of the level of empathy they felt towards the victims of bullying, the degree of effort they made to prevent bullying, and their ability to identify it. Further, an attempt to assess the long-term consequences of bullying was made, using two different communicative indices: the willingness to communicate and self-perceived communication competence. It is suggested that teachers' own experiences of victimization may enhance their ability to communicate effectively when fighting against bullying at school. 相似文献
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Emma Tucker 《Educational studies》2015,41(4):466-470
This brief report describes a small-scale qualitative interview study with primary school teachers in England, investigating their perceptions of bullying and strategies to prevent and manage it. Findings showed that much intervention work was situationally dependent, with teachers making subtle judgements about when and how to intervene. Prevention and intervention work centred on empathy development and teaching children skills to help them nurture effective social relationships. We suggest that this holistic approach to bullying enables teachers to address multiple agendas aligned towards promoting children’s social and emotional learning. 相似文献
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Anti-bullying interventions often assume that knowing how it feels to be bullied increases empathy for victims. However, longitudinal research on actual experiences of bullying and empathy is lacking. This study investigated whether within-person changes in victimization predicted changes in empathy over 1 year using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models. Self- and peer-reported victimization, and cognitive and affective empathy for victims were measured in a sample of 15,713 Finnish youth (Mage = 13.23, SDage = 2.01, 51.6% female; 92.5% had Finnish-speaking parents; data was collected in 2007–2009 when information about participants’ race/ethnicity was not available due to ethical guidelines for the protection of personal information). Results indicated small, positive longitudinal associations from victimization to cognitive empathy. Implications for empathy-raising interventions are discussed. 相似文献