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1.
《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(3):287-308
AbstractA central theoretical issue in evolutionary developmental psychology concerns the relation between evolved systems of folk knowledge and academic learning in modern schools. A model for conceptualizing motivational biases, cognitive competencies (e.g., language), and children's inherent developmental activities that compose these systems of folk knowledge is presented. Implications for children's learning of culture-specific academic competencies, such as reading, and associated motivational and instructional issues are then discussed. The thesis is that the motivational, cognitive, and developmental systems that compose folk knowledge are not sufficient for academic learning, but are the foundation from which academic competencies are built. Implications for educational theory and research are profound 相似文献
2.
进化心理学的诞生,特别是进化教育心理学与进化发展心理学的发展,为解释当前教育问题和教育现象提供了新的视角。进化理论把人类知识分为生物初级知识和生物次级知识,重新诠释了教育,特别是学校教育存在的必要性和价值;进化发展心理学对＂发展＂概念的独到诠释,给当前盛行的＂超前教育＂以警示;进化理念下对不同知识类型儿童学习方式的区分,启发教育工作者重新认识接受学习的价值;学习动机偏差理论解释了为什么大多数学生不喜欢学习,也启发教育者重新审视外部动机激发的意义;进化理念下的性别差异解释了当前教育领域中常见的性别学习偏好,也给教育教学提供了重要的启迪;进化心理学对几种儿童＂问题行为＂的全新阐释为今后教育提供了新的思路。 相似文献
3.
Andreas Krapp 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1999,14(1):23-40
Within the last few years, researchers have shown a renewed interest in “interest”. Especially in the field of educational psychology many studies have been conducted to analyze how learning and achievement are influenced by motivational and cognitive factors, which are connected with individual and/or situational interests. In this paper, results from empirical research will be presented besides theoretical considerations concerning the interest-construct. Interest has typically been studied as an independent variable. Dependent variables have been either some aspects of learning outcome (knowledge structure, academic achievement) or hypothetical mediators, which probably can be used to explain the interest effects (e.g., learning strategies, attention, emotional experiences). There is also a growing number of studies which try to explore the conditions of interest development within educational settings. Future lines of research will be discussed in light of the demands of educational theory and practice. 相似文献
4.
Roger Säljö 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3-4):259-271
The relevance of psychological knowledge to education and learning has been recognized for long time. Educational psychology was thus, one of the first subdisciplines of applied psychology to emerge on the academic scene, and most scholars in the area — internationally as well as in the Nordic countries — have had a firm grounding in psychology. For a couple of decades or more during the second half of this century, educational psychology held a central position within education in most of the Nordic countries. Research within this field has been varied and vigorous. However, although psychological theories should be seen as important intellectual resources, it must be recognized that the relationship between a general discipline such as psychology and a particular area such as education is complex. Important problematics inherent in this relationship are illuminated and discussed in the contribution by Säljö on Sweden. It is argued, that recent attempts to develop a cultural psychology, explicitly recognizing the socio‐cultural nature of learning and other psychological processes, promise to pave the way for conceptions of human activities that are relevant to human concerns in general. The second article in this section, on Finland, contrasts with the first by focusing on educational research performed during the last few decades. This article describes trends in the content and methodologies of this research. The developmental orientation has been very strong in Finnish educational psychology during the whole of the post‐war period. Early research was highly influenced by a differential‐psychology approach, whereas later research has adopted social, motivational and cognitive frameworks. This article discuss the influential theoretical trends and developments. 相似文献
5.
Previous research indicates that higher educational students’ perceptions of stress are in part related to the teaching and learning context, and influence academic outcomes. This study intends to deepen our understanding of these processes by examining the linkages between approaches to learning, perceived stress and expected and actual academic outcomes within a specific educational setting. First-semester psychology students (N = 191) completed a questionnaire, including short versions of ASSIST and PSS, and estimated their course grade before a written examination. Later, actual grades were added. The results suggest that surface approach to learning is positively associated with high levels of perceived stress, and reflected in lower levels of expected grades. The relationships between deep and strategic approaches to learning and perceived stress seem to be more ambivalent, despite positive associations with expected grades. Coping and motivational aspects of the concepts of surface and strategic approaches to learning seem to be crucial to understanding the linkages between the examined factors. Also, the significance of a strategic approach in relation to actual academic outcomes is highlighted. 相似文献
6.
Jean-Louis Berger 《教育心理学》2012,32(4):405-425
Motivation to learn in vocational education is underexplored by researchers in educational psychology. Yet, teachers would profit from an understanding of the goals apprentices adopt for their learning and how these goals relate to students’ learning strategies and abilities. Using latent profile analysis, four groups were identified based on the achievement goals of 263 vocational students in their professional mathematics courses. Groups were described regarding their cognitive abilities, learning strategies and motivational beliefs. Results indicated that the inclusion of challenge-mastery and work-avoidance goals adds value to previous conceptualizations of multiple goal profiles. Significant and large differences between the profiles were found with regard to such motivational beliefs as individual interest and significant, albeit smaller, differences were found for learning strategies and cognitive abilities. The results suggest that vocational students may adopt four specific combinations of goals and that these are associated with several variables important for successful learning. Implications of the findings for vocational education are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Motivational Beliefs, Study Strategies, and Mathematics Attainment in High- and Low-Achieving Chinese Secondary School Students 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to examine the relationship between cognitive and motivational variables and their relationship to mathematics attainment, Hong Kong-Chinese students enrolled in schools for high-, average-, and low-achievers completed questionnaires in Year 10 and in Year 11. Low-achievers perceived academic learning as being less useful over time and reported spending less time studying in Year 10 than in Year 11 but high- and low-achievers did not differ on their use of self-regulated learning strategies. Performance on the public examination in mathematics was predicted by prior achievement and Self-Concept of Mathematics Ability. Results underscore the importance of considering cultural beliefs systems and educational systems in models of academic motivation. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
8.
邢怀民 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2005,19(2):129-132
根据认识论和教育科学理论研究了大学生研究性学习方法的掌握、研究性学习习惯的养成与学科课程知识结构教学法的关系问题,得到了“运用学科课程知识结构教学法进行教学,有利于大学生研究性学习心态的形成、研究性学习方法的掌握、研究性学习习惯的养成,有利于培养大学生的创新意识和创新才能”的结论。给出了研究性学习学科课程中的概念、规律、篇章知识结构、学科课程知识结构的模式;给出了学科课程中的概念、规律、篇章知识结构、学科课程知识结构的教学模式。 相似文献
9.
This study examines the relationships between students’ academic levels, the use of motivational regulation strategies, and cognitive learning strategies. A total of 141 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in online distance courses participated in the study. The findings show that students use different motivational regulation strategies and cognitive learning strategies depending on their academic levels. Additionally, hierarchical regression analyses using two dependent variables (i.e., surface level learning strategy and deep processing level learning strategy) indicate that a surface level learning strategy (i.e., rehearsal) and deep processing level strategies (i.e., elaboration, organization, and critical thinking) are predicted by different sets of motivational regulation strategies after controlling for academic level and age. The results provide distance educators and instructional designers with practical suggestions on how to support undergraduate and graduate students’ motivational needs and further promote their use of cognitive learning strategies in online distance education programs in higher education. 相似文献
10.
John Clark 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2017,49(1):58-67
Those in education committed to folk psychology (everyday talk about ourselves) reject the advances of neuroscience as the way to explain learning. Winch is one of the most determined defenders of folk psychology. Yet his account of folk psychology is weak and his rejection of neuroscience is deeply flawed. This article sets out Winch’s Wittgensteinian theory of learning then proceeds to critically examine a number of issues, including the folk psychology/cognitive science dualism, problems with folk psychology, the advantages of cognitive science and why folk psychology should be replaced by cognitive science. 相似文献
11.
本文在概述布鲁纳学术思想巨变的基础上,评介其对文化心理学缘起与未来走向、叙事研究方法、文化与心智关系、民俗心理学及其教育意义等基本问题的论述。最后评介了台湾学术界兴起与此有些相关的＂本土心理学运动＂,略论其进一步开展反身批判的意义。Abstract： This paper expounds the ideological change of Bruner from his first cognition revolution to the second cognition revolution and introduces an important peak in the development of American cultural psychology.It also discusses Bruner’s statements about cultural psychology on issues of its origin,future trend,narrative research method,the relation between culture and mind,folk psychology and its significance in educational studies.Finally,the writer makes comments on the indigenous psychological movement started in Taiwan academic circle and the significance of its reflexivity criticism. 相似文献
12.
Our study analyzed the influence of motivation towards science in relation individual cognitive achievement scores. 232 10th graders of college preparatory school level (‘Gymnasium’) completed a cognitive achievement test three times and a questionnaire quantifying motivation towards science once. A three-lesson module dealt with aspects of the topic renewable energies. The knowledge test was applied one week before (T-0), directly after (T-1) and six weeks after (T-2) participation in the learning module. The questionnaire on science motivation was completed at T-0 in order to receive unaffected data. A test-retest group (acting as control group) of 37 students completed the questionnaires with no intervention. Three motivational groups were selected: highly motivated, intermediate and less motivated. The intervention group showed substantial knowledge gain in short- and in long-term perspectives, almost independently of motivational levels. A positive linear relation between motivation and content knowledge was observable for each test schedule. In particular, intrinsic factors are shown to be responsible for this relationship.We recommend implementing appropriately designed educational settings to promote intrinsic aspects in order to foster performance almost independently of pre-existing knowledge and science motivation We presume pre-existing knowledge as well as learning to be influenced by motivation towards science. Also, pre-existing knowledge may influence individual motivation towards science. Consequently, beyond scientific contents, a focus on motivation of adolescents in science may lead to a synergetic effect for life-long learning. 相似文献
13.
Although there is abundant experimental metamemory research on the relation between students’ monitoring, regulation of learning, and learning outcomes, relatively little of this work has influenced educational research and practice. Metamemory research, traditionally based on experimental paradigms from cognitive psychology, can potentially contribute to designing and improving educational interventions that foster self-monitoring and self-regulation in children, adolescents, and young adult learners. We describe the metamemory paradigm, and provide a short overview of the insights it has generated with regard to improving metacognitive skills in these groups of learners. Moreover, we summarize the contributions to this special issue on translating insights from cognitive psychology research on metamemory to educational research and practice, and describe possible themes and directions for future research that could further bridge the gap between fundamental and more applied research on metacognition, so as to design effective educational interventions. 相似文献
14.
Paul R. Pintrich 《Educational Psychology Review》1999,11(2):105-115
Interference and inhibition processes as discussed by Dempster and Corkill (1999) are useful on two levels: first, metaphorically in terms of general themes for educational psychology, and, second, in terms of psychological mechanisms for understanding learning. At the same time, there are a number of issues that must be addressed in future theory and research before interference and inhibition processes can be accorded a primary explanatory role in models of learning, including the operation and sequencing of interference and inhibition processes in relation to other cognitive, motivational, and self-regulation processes; the definition and construction of the relevant–irrelevant information dimension; the role of interference and inhibition in the active selection of goals, strategies, and behavior; the stability and trait-like nature of interference and inhibition; the range of generality and applicability of interference and inhibition in relation to all other aspects of learning and behavior; and the utility and power of interference and inhibition as explanatory constructs. 相似文献
15.
提出智力风格构念的目的在于整合不同的风格理论与模型,在传统核心构念如能力、人格等基础上,增强我们解释和预测学生学习成绩的能力。1930年代以来,不同类型的智力风格(如认知风格、学习风格)不断被提出并在教与学的各个领域得以大量研究与应用。文章从学习成绩的视角总结回顾了智力风格在教育心理学领域的应用研究。以此为基础,分析了教师与学生风格匹配与学习者自我风格意识两个重要的争议性的问题,并提出了可能的研究方向。 相似文献
16.
Education is viewed as an aptitude development program. Common vs. individual goals with respect to aptitude and achievement are contrasted and some educational myths about aptitude are rejected. The concept of aptitude is revised to represent individual differences in personsituation interaction in learning and development. Research on cognitive and motivational aptitudes in relation to instruction is then briefly reviewed, and suggestions for a unified developmental differential approach to educational research are offered. 相似文献
17.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2004,41(3):198-215
There is a growing body of research indicating that students who can self-regulate cognitive, motivational, and behavioral aspects of their academic functioning are more effective as learners. We studied relations between the self-regulation strategies used by a group of Italian students during the final years of high school and their subsequent academic achievement and resilience in pursuing higher education. We used the self-regulated learning interview schedule, which focuses on cognitive, motivational, and behavioral strategies used during academic learning in both classroom and non-classroom contexts. The cognitive self-regulation strategy of organizing and transforming proved to be a significant predictor of the students’ course grades in Italian, mathematics, and technical subjects in high school and in their subsequent average course grades and examinations passed at the university. The motivational self-regulation strategy of self-consequences was a significant predictor of the students’ high school diploma grades and their intention to continue with their education after high school. 相似文献
18.
Student Learning and Performance in Information Systems Courses: The Role of Academic Motivation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tejaswini C. Herath 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2015,13(4):583-601
Despite the need for information technology knowledge in the business world today, enrollments in information systems (IS) courses have been consistently declining. Student performance in lower level IS courses and student assumptions about the level of difficulty of the courses seem to be reasons for lower enrollments. To understand how student motivation may explain learning outcomes in introductory IS courses, this study investigates the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic academic motivations as framed by self‐determination theory on two measures of learning outcomes: (1) student self‐reported measures of learning and (2) actual grades obtained in courses and course components. Using 269 student responses collected in a second‐year undergraduate core course and a first‐year MBA core course, both of which are offered in a traditional face‐to‐face classroom environment, study hypotheses are analyzed. Results indicate that the motivational model explains both the affective and cognitive perceptions of learning held by students. In examining overall grades and grades in course components, the motivational model, however, was unable to sufficiently explain student performance. Data also indicate that there are significant differences between undergraduate and graduate students in terms of their motivation and learning outcomes. 相似文献
19.
Mary R. Sudzina 《Educational Psychology Review》1997,9(2):199-260
Recent interest and inquiry into constructivism, pedagogical content knowledge, and case study methodology are influencing the content and goals of educational psychology in teacher preparation. The reasons seem clear: The content of educational psychology lends itself to authentic, active, and pragmatic applications of theory to school practices, as well as to investigations of a variety of educational issues, perspectives, and contexts which can be viewed through case study, a constructivist problem-based approach to learning. Widely-used educational psychology texts are including constructivism as a cognitive alternative to behaviorist and information processing views of teaching and learning. Concurrently, case studies are being integrated in educational psychology texts, and a myriad of case texts have appeared with application to educational psychology courses. This article considers the decisions, benefits, and difficulties in teaching educational psychology through a constructivist case study approach. 相似文献
20.
In educational psychology, the concept of interest is interpreted as a content-specific motivational variable that can be investigated and theoretically reconstructed. An important analysis lies in the manifold interrelations between interest, learning and human development. This paper presents a “person–object theory of interest” and outlines developmental aspects such as: (a) the ontogenetic transition from situational to individual interest, (b) the relation between interest development and (c) the growing “self” and the assumption of a dual regulation system. 相似文献