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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):215-223
AbstractTwo iron swords from Luristan were examined by X-rays and using metallographic sections. The first sword was shown to have a hilt made of five pieces of metal joined by four rivets, while the pommel was secured by a dowel on the end of the tang. Hilt and blade were sectioned for metallographic study. This showed that while the core of each part was pearlite, decarburization had taken place at the surfaces to give ferritic structures. The second sword was shown to have been made of seven pieces. The pommel was secured as in the first sword, but all other pieces were joined by fitting into prepared slots, the edges of which were burred. A section was cut from the hilt at a point where a decorative band had been applied. This showed large-grained ferrite at the surface and fine-grained ferrite with cementite at the boundaries in the core. It is argued that work previously carried out by other metallographers was inconsistent due to inadequate sampling, and that swords of this type were essentially of wrought iron, the presence of pearlite being accidental rather than intentional. 相似文献
2.
《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(3):93-100
This paper attempts to summarize the rich and interesting history of cataloging in Medieval monastic libraries, when the production of books was in its infancy. It discusses some of these early practices when books were few in number and very valuable to the community. In the beginning, catalogs were mostly inventory lists of treasures, not used for research direction. Only the librarian or armarius was consulted for research direction. Complicating these practices was the fact that several "books" were often bound together in the same binding which would have hindered subject cataoging. As books' value evolved toward their subject matter rather than their value as physical objects, and the catalog grew from an inventory list for the librarian toward a guide for patrons, and the rudimentary inventory practices grew toward the modern research direction-oriented cataloging methods, the medieval catalog approached the modern catalog in purpose and content. 相似文献
3.
本文以铁琴铜剑楼藏元刊本《资治通鉴》近10万字长跋为例,揭示明末清初苏州地区文、严两家以严虞悖为代表的士人之阅读轨迹、遗闻轶事,以裨知人论世之资,籍此进一步管窥清代藏书题跋蕴含的丰富文献、史料、文化价值。 相似文献
4.
George L. Lewis 《Communication Studies》2013,64(2):106-110
Evaluation of modern plays becomes more precise as we gain insights into the great plays of the past. John Webster wrote two plays, The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil, in which the elements of horror contribute to the greatness of the play. Only by relating these elements to the preceding Medieval period can we fully appreciate the skill of his compositions. This paper deals directly with The Duchess of Malfi. 相似文献
5.
中国中古时代的中央官学和欧洲中世纪的大学同属于高等教育,由于不同的历史背景,以太学、国子监和书院为主的中古中国官学和欧洲中世纪大学在形成原因和发展特点方面各有特色,本文试图分析中古时代中西方高等教育发展的不同面貌,以求为中西方现代意义上大学的形成发展的不同作一个简单的比较。 相似文献
6.
Nicole Ningning Kong 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(2):207-225
Due to the exponential growth of spatial information, effective management and curation of geospatial data has become a central concern for GIS libraries. Although geospatial data are often generated based on a set of well-established standards and protocols, best management practices in geospatial data services are still limited. In this paper, the authors review the common challenges of geospatial data management and curation, which include the application of big data, the emergence of Web GIS, and the advancement of cyberinfrastructures. A spatial education project is used as an example to discuss potential best management practices to address these challenges. It is demonstrated that librarians need to be involved at the early stage of a research project and work closely with researchers at all stages of the data life cycle for effective data management. With early involvement of a GIS librarian in the full project development process, all three challenges can be addressed by using best management practices in organizing, managing, publishing, distributing, and preserving the geospatial data. 相似文献
7.
Anita E. Locher 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2016,12(1):28-51
There is general agreement that spatial data adds particular difficulties to digital preservation due to, for example, the complexity of data models and semantics specific to individual thematic areas. However, there is a lack of literature providing an overview of the challenges and analyzing in particular the effort required to surmount these in combination with the potential added value gained through digital preservation. The Delphi method was used to evaluate obstacles to archiving geographic vector and raster data serving as a basis for topographic base map creation, seen through the lens of data producers, providers and guardians. Two international Delphi groups were questioned on developments regarding geodata, and their influences on access and preservation. The mentioned handicaps to preservation were of financial, managerial, legal, and technological in nature. The latter have a higher probability to be surmounted within at least 10 years than non-technological. The study shows that the lack of standardization and the use of proprietary formats is still a central problem. Furthermore, the consciousness about the value of geographic assets is considered most likely to rise early. As a good starting point for improving archiving of spatial data, we also suggest the controlled disposal of superfluous data as a measure to reduce cost. 相似文献
8.
Slađana Popović Nikola Unković Gordana Subakov Simić Milica Ljaljević Grbić 《文物保护研究》2018,63(5):292-302
The presence of biofilms on stone monuments can lead to biodeterioration processes that significantly lower not only the aesthetic value of cultural heritage sites but also cause considerable physical and chemical damage to stone surfaces. In terrestrial environments, cyanobacteria have a significant role in biofilm formation on a variety of natural and artificial stone substrata, including granite, sandstone, limestone, lime mortar, etc. Studies on cyanobacterial diversity and estimation of biodeteriorative activity on stone cultural heritage objects can be very important for conservators and restorers, and cyanobacteria removal from stone monuments is currently a great challenge for conservation science. In that sense, the diversity of terrestrial cyanobacteria was investigated at six localities in Serbia. Samples for cyanobacterial analyses were taken from surface biofilms covering different substrata: granite and lime mortar (The Monument to the Unknown Hero), sandstone (Branko's Bridge, Eiffel’s Lock) and carbonate rock (Medieval tombstones from Mramorje and Rasti?te, Gradac Monastery). A total of 18 cyanobacterial taxa were identified. The highest diversity was found on carbonate rock, followed by sandstone. Cyanobacteria were also recorded on an artificial substratum – lime mortar, while cyanobacteria were not found on granite. All detected cyanobacteria seriously impaired the structural and aesthetic integrity of the studied monuments via mechanical and chemical actions, so their presence must not be overlooked. 相似文献
9.
国外科学数据影响力研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的/意义] 旨在分析国外科学数据影响力的研究内容与存在的问题,为我国在该领域的研究提供参考。[方法/过程] 以国外相关重要机构研究及项目成果调研为主,以Web of Sciences、Google Scholar数据库文献调研为辅,采用文献追溯方法,试图对国外科学数据影响力研究状况进行调研、梳理与总结。[结果/结论] 目前,科学数据影响力研究已经得到国外学术界的关注,其研究内容大致包括科学数据影响力的内涵、类型、关系、相关主体、评价方法五类,但其整体研究仍处于初级阶段。在借鉴国外相关经验的基础上,对我国科学数据影响力未来的研究发展提出培养数据引用意识与文化、加强基础理论研究与特征指标研究的建议。 相似文献
10.
[目的/意义] 针对现有弱信号全自动识别研究尚不完善的问题,提出基于LDA-BERT融合模型的弱信号全自动识别方法。[方法/过程] 基于无监督的LDA主题模型对文本数据集进行主题分类,构建主题和术语双层过滤函数从主题分类的结果中提取早期预警信号,通过紧密中心度、主题权重以及主题自相关性三大度量函数评价主题的弱性,并基于主题内术语的归一化频率和概率提取出弱信号。最后,运用BERT深度学习模型从语义层面对弱信号上下文及其类似词进行扩展。[结果/结论] 以2021年1月初疫情重爆发事件为例,使用爆发前三月的社交媒体新闻数据集对构建的系统模型进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法可有效检测出相关弱信号,并挖掘出弱信号随时间推移逐渐增强的演化特性。此外,该融合模型在实现弱信号全自动识别的同时,也表现出较单一模型更强的结果可解释能力。 相似文献
11.
以往有关图书馆史的资料多把藏书楼看作为我国公共图书馆的主要来源，认为我国的公共图书馆多由藏书楼演变而来。其实，藏书楼只是公共图书馆的来源之一，在此之外，书院、官书局和个人捐赠也为我国早期公共图书馆的创建，提供了包括馆舍、图书在内的物质基础，因而，同样也是我国早期公共图书馆的重要来源。 相似文献
12.
Andreiwid Sheffer Correa Raul Mendes de Souza Flavio Soares Correa da Silva 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(3):412-426
The rising number of data portals has been increasing demand for new techniques to assess data openness in an automated manner. Some methods have emerged that presuppose well-organized data catalogs, the availability of API interfaces and natively exposed metadata. However, many data portals, particularly those of local governments, appear to be misimplemented and developed with the classic website model in mind, which provides access to data only through user interaction with web forms. Data in such portals resides in the hidden part of the web, as it is dynamically produced only in response to direct requests. This paper proposes an automated method for assessing government-related data in the deep web on the basis of compliance with open data principles and requirements. To validate our method, we apply it in an experiment using the government websites of the 27 Brazilian capitals. The method is fully carried out for 22 of the capitals' websites, resulting in the analysis of 5.6 million government web pages. The results indicate that the keyword search approach utilized in the method, along with the checking of web pages for multifield web forms, is effective for identifying deep web data sources, as 1.5% of web pages with potential government data that are analyzed are found to contain data stored in the deep web. This work contributes to the development of a novel method that allows for the continuous checking and identification of government data from surface web data portals. In addition, this method can be scaled and repeated to assure the widest possible content coverage. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(3):101394
Identification of young talented individuals based on bibliometric data is not an easy task. Citation-based data usually need too long to accrue. In this study, we propose a method for the identification of potential young talented individuals which is not citation-based. Since potential talent is defined in this study in terms of early publication performance, three different indicators and their combinations were used: We not only used (1) the number of papers in high-impact journals, but also (2) the total number of papers, and (3) the number of papers as a corresponding author. An older cohort including potential talents with their first publication between 1999 and 2003 was used to find the most suitable indicator combination. Two additional indicators were used for the validation step: (1) The citation impact on the level of individual papers and (2) the number of papers that are linked to grants. The best performing indicator combination was applied to the time period 2007–2011 for identifying young potentially talented individuals who published their first paper within this time period. We produced a set of 46,200 potentially talented individuals that can be downloaded free of charge. 相似文献
14.
[目的/意义]引介国外近期关于altmetrics的理论思想和研究共识,以期对我国的altmetrics研究带来启示。[方法/过程]采取多种信息检索方法,如网络检索、博客跟踪、浏览会议网站的方法,查找国内外相关信息,考察altmetrics的早期理论假说、术语提出的方式和过程;引介和分析国外专家的研究共识;研究我国相关的期刊论文和博客文章,总结国内altmetrics的研究现状与问题。[结果/结论]研究发现,国外专家普遍认为altmetrics是对传统引文方法的补充,而不是替代;altmetrics测量的是科学研究的关注度和影响力,而不一定是科学研究的质量;altmetrics应该重新命名为"alternative indicators";传统引文评价方法存在的引文动机、发表时间、学科和地域差异等问题在altmetrics评价中仍然存在。因此,在用altmetrics指标进行评价的过程中,不能仅观察altmetrics应用工具提供的数字,还要考察数据源的类型、具体评价内容,最后通过定量和定性评价方法相结合做出正确的判断。我国altmetrics的相关研究虽然发展迅速,但与国际研究水平仍有较大差距。 相似文献
15.
Gui-Yuan Shi Yi-Xiu Kong Guang-Hui Yuan Rui-Jie Wu An Zeng Matúš Medo 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(2):717-725
Identifying the future influential papers among the newly published ones is an important yet challenging issue in bibliometrics. As newly published papers have no or limited citation history, linear extrapolation of their citation counts—which is motivated by the well-known preferential attachment mechanism—is not applicable. We translate the recently introduced notion of discoverers to the citation network setting, and show that there are authors who frequently cite recent papers that become highly-cited in the future; these authors are referred to as discoverers. We develop a method for early identification of highly-cited papers based on the early citations from discoverers. The results show that the identified discoverers have a consistent citing pattern over time, and the early citations from them can be used as a valuable indicator to predict the future citation counts of a paper. The discoverers themselves are potential future outstanding researchers as they receive more citations than average. 相似文献
16.
加权统计法在评价问题中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据短周期内的简单统计数据就对作者、期刊给予评价,可能是不科学的.但是,对在某一命题范围内,对一定周期里的引文数据加以处理,再引出一些相对评价还是值得研究的.本文的加权统计法,就是提出一种对引文数据的处理方法.本文应用22种刊物的网络计量学和网络信息计量学的相互引用情况的数据的实例,利用引用数据加权,并不断修正,在此基础上建立了加权统计法模型.讨论了加权统计法用于评价排序的方法与情报元地位模型的关系,说明了本模型的可用价值. 相似文献
17.
[目的/意义]开展数据对象可溯源性保障研究,可降低大数据时代所凸显的跨领域、海量、异构和动态数据的失信风险,有助于自动化实现数据质量评价、数据审计及数据恢复等问题。[方法/过程]基于数据溯源、密码编码学等理论,以数据对象为操作单位,提出一种新的数据对象版本号计算方法;进一步提出了数据对象DNA的概念及其生成和回溯方法,并探讨其IT实现及应用。[结果/结论]本文提出统一溯源新方法数据对象DNA,具有易生成、防篡改、普适性强等特点,可应用于数据对象的世系检验和数据连续性自动审计等场景。 相似文献
18.
《Journal Of Access Services》2013,10(1):105-117
Abstract The JUBILEE project (JISC User Behaviour in Information Seeking: Longitudinal Evaluation of EIS) was set up at the University of Northumbria in response to a Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) call for a qualitative longitudinal monitoring of Electronic Information Services (EIS) in the United Kingdom. The issue of EIS performancein support of Higher Education (HE) is of growing concern today. Because HE institutions commit more revenue to systems and services, there is a need to find ways by which to assess the value of EIS. One of the most valid measures is user satisfaction. An importantattribute of JUBILEE's holistic method is that it affords a formal approach to the collection and presentation of users' opinions of EIS. JUBILEE will be collecting and collating data on user information-seeking behaviour over a period of time and in a variety of disciplines. The longitudinal tracking of users in JUBILEE will highlight success criteria for information seeking from the users' viewpoint. This article describes early results and background information from the first cycle of the project. 相似文献
19.
大数据背景下,科技资源发现和推荐的关键是建立海量、多类型科技资源间的关联,并对其进行相关度排
序。在深入研究科技基础性工作专项科技资源核心元数据的基础上,选择科技资源的内容特征、资源地点和资源时间
为关联要素。然后结合专家打分和层次分析法,提出了科技资源元数据语义相关度算法,建立了科技资源间的关联。
进一步按照相关度计算结果对科技资源进行排序,并将相关度高的科技资源优先推荐给用户。最后以科技基础性工作
专项项目汇交的科技资源元数据为例,开展了科技资源元数据关联与推荐的实践。本研究提出的方法为促进海量科技
资源的精准发现、智能推荐与共享应用提供了借鉴。 相似文献
20.
文章从统计学范畴分析了"我国人均图书消费量"统计数据引发争议的原因,认为统计方法选择、指标设计、数据采集等统计生产过程中的不足造成数据局限性以及数据的使用不当和误读导致认知误区。指出任何统计数据的产生都跟统计方法的选择和数据获取途径与处理路径有关,而对真相的掌握则需要理性与专业精神。同时提出改进的思路与方法以及借鉴美国"人均信息消费量"相关统计的思考。 相似文献