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1.
基于意义学习理论的概念图工具开发与运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概念图是诺瓦克开发的基于意义学习理论的学习工具与教学方法。概念图的构建以学习者原有认知结构为基础,强调新旧知识的融合和认知结构的构建与发展,制作和运用概念图的过程是意义学习的过程也是知识创造的过程。文章在介绍了概念图的定义特征、理论基础、制作方法之后,阐述了概念图在教学评价、课程设计、远程合作学习方面的运用。 相似文献
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有意义学习是美国著名教育心理学家奥苏伯尔提出的认知学习理论。他根据学习内容的呈现方式和学习内容对学习者的意义,将学习者的学习分为机械学习和有意义学习,而有意义的学习又包括有意义的接受学习和有意义的发现学习。这两种学习方式对学习者系统掌握知识、培养良好的学习习惯以及促进其智力发展和终身学习探究的能力等方面都具有重要意义。一、有意义学习的理论要义对于学习者而言,有意义学习的实质就是将新知识与其认知结构中原有的旧知识二者之间建立起一种自然的和实质的联系,进而使所学知识内化为其认知结构的一部分。奥苏伯尔认为… 相似文献
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一、概念图简介20世纪60年代,美国康乃尔大学的诺瓦克(Joseph D.Novak)教授根据奥苏贝尔(David P.Ausubel)的有意义学习理论提出了概念图(Concept Map)这一概念,其实质是知识以图式的形式在大脑中储存的一种方式,它利用图示的方法来表达人们头脑中的概念、思想和理论等,把人脑中的隐形知识显性化、可视化,便于思考、交流和表达,以形象化的方式表征学习者的认知结构及其对某一主题的理解。 相似文献
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随着心理学家对学习过程认知规律研究的不断深入,作为认知学习理论的一个重要分支———有意义学习理论,其重要性日渐凸显。以美国著名认知教育心理学家奥苏伯尔为代表的有意义学习理论,强调在学习过程中新的知识要与学习者认知结构中的有关观念建立起实质性(substantive)和非人为性(nonarbitrary)的联系。他认为学习有主动和被动之分,有理解和机械之别,存在有意义和无意义之异。有意义学习是一种以思维为核心的理解性学习。其特点是学习者身心的投入,身体的、心理的、认识的、情感的、逻辑的、直觉的都和谐统一起来。其结果既是认知能力的… 相似文献
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邵发仙 《教学研究(河北)》2015,38(1)
理解的意义学习要求教师帮助学生选择、组织和整合相关信息,因此,学习材料必须是有意义的才能促进理解的意义学习,而对学习者有意义的材料应当是能够降低无关认知负荷和原生认知负荷,同时提高相关认知负荷的信息.提出三种促进有意义学习的小学科学课堂学习材料设计策略:明确目标;控制冗余;聚焦要义、突出关键材料等. 相似文献
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苏丽丽 《教学月刊(中学下旬版)》2008,(16)
一、概念图简述 概念图(Concept Mapping)也叫做概念构图或概念地图,是美国康奈尔大学诺瓦克(J.D.Novak)博士提出的,是一种用来表示概念与概念之间的关系和规则的工具.它的理论依据是奥苏贝尔的有意义学习理论--有意义的学习,即符号所代表的新观念与学生认知结构中已有适当观念建立起联系.这种联系是某种合理的逻辑关系,新的概念、命题与认知结构中已有的概念中、命题之间有下位关系、上位关系和组合关系三种关系,绘制概念图就是进行有意义学习的一种教学技术.随着教育心理学的发展,认知主义和建构主义理论也能很好地支持概念图在教学中的应用. 相似文献
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进行有意义学习具备的几个条件：学习者必须具有有意义学习的心向;学习者认知结构中必须具有适当的知识,以便与新知识进行联系;学习者必须积极主动地使这种具有潜在意义的新知识与认知结构中有关的旧知识发生相互作用,使旧知识得到改造,新知识就获得实际意义,即心理意义。 相似文献
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美国著名认知教育心理学家奥苏伯尔的有意义言语学习理论是以学习材料必须有逻辑意义以及学习者必须具备有意义学习的心向为核心条件，它对提高高中化学教学的有效性有着重要启示。笔者从四个方面论述了此理论对提高高中化学课堂教学有效性的启示作用。 相似文献
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罗艳萍 《读与写:教育教学刊》2008,5(6)
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity. 相似文献
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Richard Denner 《海外英语》2007,(4):14-15
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose. 相似文献
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Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F. 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help? 相似文献
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陈美曦 《山东教育学院学报》2008,23(2):103-107
Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language. 相似文献
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邱崇丙 《唐山师范学院学报》2014,(1):21-23
汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love. 相似文献