共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Andrew S. Davis 《Psychology in the schools》2006,43(4):503-512
A clear link exists between neurological dysfunction and psychopathology in children, as evidenced by research on the sequelae of developmental childhood brain impairment, the neuropsychological investigation of children with psychiatric disorders, and neuroimaging research. Understanding the neuropsychological basis of a disorder helps teachers, parents, and children better understand the etiology of the disorder and guide classroom interventions. Additionally, identifying morphological markers of childhood mental disorders may lead to earlier and more successful interventions. This article reviews the neuropsychological relationships between brain impairment and childhood mental disorders as well as investigates the biological basis for some common childhood disorders seen in the schools. Emphasis is placed upon the underlying neurological and neuropsychological deficits that constitute disorders, and implications for practitioners are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 503–512, 2006. 相似文献
2.
Close interrelation of motor development and cognitive development and of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Diamond A 《Child development》2000,71(1):44-56
Motor development and cognitive development may be fundamentally interrelated. Contrary to popular notions that motor development begins and ends early, whereas cognitive development begins and ends later, both motor and cognitive development display equally protracted developmental timetables. When cognitive development is perturbed, as in a neurodevelopmental disorder, motor development is often adversely affected. While it has long been known that the striatum functions as part of a circuit with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, it is suggested here that the same is true for the cerebellum and that the cerebellum may be important for cognitive as well as motor functions. Like prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum reaches maturity late. Many cognitive tasks that require prefrontal cortex also require the cerebellum. To make these points, evidence is summarized of the close co-activation of the neocerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in functional neuroimaging, of similarities in the cognitive sequelae of damage to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the neocerebellum, of motor deficits in "cognitive" developmental disorders, and of abnormalities in the cerebellum and in prefrontal cortex in the same developmental disorders. 相似文献
3.
Physiological correlates of childhood abuse: chronic hyperarousal in PTSD, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kendall-Tackett KA 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(6):799-810
OBJECTIVE: During the past 10 years, researchers have documented how trauma--especially severe trauma--can alter the functioning of the brain. In some cases, these alterations create a state of chronic hyperarousal. The present review serves as an introduction to this research. FINDINGS: Persons who have experienced traumatic events are often "primed" to over-react to subsequent stressors, making them more vulnerable to these events. CONCLUSION: Chronic hyperarousal underlies three common and often co-occurring sequelae of childhood abuse: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. Knowledge of these physiological correlates can affect treatment decisions as well as our theories about the mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms. 相似文献
4.
Most previous studies of children with birthweight <750 g have focused on early childhood sequelae. To evaluate later outcomes, a regional sample of 60 <750-g birthweight children was compared at middle school age (M = 11 years) to 55 children with birthweight 750-1,499 g and 49 term controls. The groups were matched on age, gender, and demographic variables at the time of an early-school-age assessment (mean age 7 years). The <750-g birthweight group fared less well at middle school age than the term group on measures of cognitive function, achievement, behavior, and academic performance. In many instances, outcomes were less favorable for the <750-g children than for the 750 to 1,499-g group. Children in the <750-g group who were free of neurosensory disorders and global cognitive impairment performed more poorly on several tests than their term counterparts. Group differences in this subsample on tests of motor skills, math, and the ability to copy and recall a complex drawing remained significant even after controlling for IQ. Disparities between the <750-g and term groups increased with age for some measures. Despite favorable outcomes for many children in the <750-g group, this population is at risk for long-term developmental problems. 相似文献
5.
目的探讨急性乳房炎的早期干预及护理要点。方法随机选择在我院建卡分娩的产妇80例,对其进行早期干预和护理。结果75例产妇未发生乳房炎,1周后出院;5例急性乳房炎早期患者经过精心护理恢复健康,未发现并发症和后遗症。结论通过急性乳房炎的早期干预及护理,可有效阻止乳腺炎的发生和进一步发展,提高护理质量。 相似文献
6.
目的：分析女性绝育术受术者围手术期不同的心理状态,减轻心理压力,消除心理障碍.方法：对6400例女性绝育术受术者给予相应的心理护理和指导.结果：6400例受术者均不同程度减轻了心理压力,消除了心理障碍.结论：针对性的心理护理,可以减轻受术者的心理压力,是手术成功的关键,也是避免和降低手术并发症和后遗症的有效措施. 相似文献
7.
王兵 《荆门职业技术学院学报》2007,22(12):48-51
目的:探讨体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗与Page肾之间的关系。方法:对接受ESWL治疗后发生Page肾的10例患者的治疗经过进行回顾性分析,并结合文献复习。结果:10例患者都是在上世纪的80年代中后期接受了ESWL治疗,与当时ESWL治疗的适应症掌握不当及震波电压过高有一定关系。结论:ESWL治疗泌尿系结石的晚期后遗症值得关注,Page肾是其中最常见的后遗症之一,随着ESWL治疗的广泛开展,由此引起的Page肾发病率将会增高。 相似文献
8.
Sexual abuse of children frequently lies hidden while the victims receive medical care for other complaints. To identify clinical signals of latent abuse, we studied 50 children whose initial presentations masked the presence of sexual abuse and compared them with 31 overt cases identified by chief complaint. A broad variety of symptoms masked the abuse. While some, such as early adolescent pregnancy and genital symptomatology, might have suggested the diagnosis, unusual physical symptoms, psychosomatic, and behavioral disorders were as frequent. The masked group differed significantly from the more frequently studied overt group in that chronic history of sexual abuse was twice as common; school problems and psychosomatic disorders were three times as frequent; the alleged abuser was more often an immediate family member, usually the father; male victims were more likely to present in this disguised manner. Familiarity with typical masked presentations should aid earlier identification of these troubled children. 相似文献
9.
陈钺 《福建师大福清分校学报》2011,(5):65-69
踝关节扭伤是一种很常见的运动损伤,在大学生各关节运动损伤中发病率最高。踝关节损伤如果得不到及时、有效的治疗,往往会留下后遗症,严重时甚至会影响患者日后的学习、工作与生活。本文通过学生典型案例,探讨踝关节损伤的特点、防治规律及存在问题,并在参阅相关资料基础上,根据实际情况提出针对性措施,希望能为科学防治运动伤病提供参考。 相似文献
10.
张珊珊 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2013,33(6):42-43
心理健康类突发事件是当前高校发生频率较高的一类突发事件,主要集中在认知障碍、情绪障碍、意志行为障碍等心理疾患方面,影响了校园的稳定与和谐。处于学生工作一线的高校辅导员应加强青年心理学、心理咨询技能等心理学知识的学习,以妥善应对此类突发事件。应对的策略主要包括:事前注重预防阶段的教育引导,呵护大学生心灵健康;遇事灵活应对,从情绪干预、认知策略干预、舆论干预等方面进行合理适当的心理危机干预;事后扮演心理咨询师的角色,帮助学生分析心理现象、掌握心理调适技能,并获得心理上的支持与安慰,尽快回到正常的生活和学习轨道上。 相似文献
11.
Mary Rafter Robyn M. Gillies 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2018,65(1):45-56
Recent developments in genomic-based knowledge is challenging educators to learn more about the early precursors of various difficulties children experience in learning and how they can use this information to identify preventative strategies or strategies that minimise their effect. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief outline of what is already known about some genetic disorders and some other disorders currently identified in the genome, the role of the teacher in understanding individual student needs, and how teachers can address some of the challenges posed. This article is fundamentally a review of the literature concerning genomics and genomic literacy and the implications for teachers in regular classes. 相似文献
12.
13.
Colak T Akca T Turkmenoglu O Canbaz H Ustunsoy B Kanik A Aydin S 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(4):319-323
Objective: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the necessity of drainage after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders. Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroidal disorders were randomly allocated to be drained or not. Operative and postoperative outcomes including operating time, postoperative pain assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), total amount of intramuscular analgesic administration, hospital stay, complications, necessity for re-operation and satisfaction of patients were all assessed. Results: The mean operating time was similar between two groups (the drained and non-drained groups). The mean VAS score was found to be significantly low in the non-drained group patients in postoperative day (POD) 0 and POD 1. The mean amount of intramuscular analgesic requirement was significantly less in the non-drained group. One case of hematoma, two cases of seroma and three cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the non-drained group, whereas one case of hematoma, two cases of seroma, two cases of wound infections and two cases of transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in the drained group. No patient needed re-operation for any complication. The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter and the satisfaction of patients was superior in the non-drained group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that postoperative complications cannot be prevented by using drains after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for benign thyroid disorders. Furthermore, the use of drains may increase postoperative pain and the analgesic requirement, and prolong the hospital stay. In the light of these findings, the routine use of drains might not be necessary after thyroid surgery for benign disorders. 相似文献
14.
The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, these diseases display characteristic modes of inheritance and a large degree ofphenotypic variability. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer. 相似文献
15.
Belva C. Collins 《Exceptionality》2013,21(2):117-120
The research to practice debate persists, reflecting continued concerns that teachers in classrooms often ignore or give lesser priority to empirically based effective interventions in favor of other interventions that are less effective or adopted on the basis of popularity, intuitive appeal, or by rhetorical influence. A key distinction related to the selection of effective classroom interventions resides in the teacher's ability to discriminate between effective and ineffective classroom practices. In this article, I discuss discriminative ability and disability in terms of some etiological macrosystem influences (empirical evidence vs. bandwagons, beliefs) and possible sequelae in practice that determine likely outcomes for teaching children and youth with disabilities. 相似文献
16.
Quas JA Goodman GS Ghetti S Alexander KW Edelstein R Redlich AD Cordon IM Jones DP 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2005,70(2):vii, 1-vii128
We report a longitudinal study of long-term outcomes of participating in criminal cases following child sexual abuse (CSA). In the 1980s, 218 child victim/witnesses took part in a study of short-term sequelae of legal involvement. Approximately 12 years later, 174 of them, as well as a comparison group of 41 matched individuals with no CSA history, were interviewed about their mental health and legal attitudes. Being young when the legal case started was associated with poorer later adjustment. Additionally, even when controlling for psychological problems at the start of the legal case and other familial, CSA, and life stressors, testifying repeatedly in childhood predicted poorer current functioning. These associations were often moderated by the severity of both the CSA and the perpetrator's sentence: Testifying repeatedly in cases involving severe abuse, and not testifying when the perpetrator received a light sentence, predicted poorer current mental health. In partial contrast to the mental health results, being older when the case began and the perpetrator receiving a lenient sentence predicted more negative feelings about the legal system. In addition, not having testified when the perpetrator received a light sentence predicted more negative legal attitudes. Individuals' emotional reactions while waiting to testify and while actually testifying were also associated with their current mental health and attitudes toward the legal system: Greater distress predicted poorer adjustment, especially in individuals who were adolescents when they went to court. Greater distress also predicted more negative attitudes. Finally, when the former CSA victim/witnesses were compared with individuals with no CSA history, the former reported poorer adjustment and more negative feelings about the legal system. Results have implications for multilevel-transactional models of development, for understanding developmental sequelae of legal involvement following childhood trauma, and for social policy concerning the treatment of child victim/witnesses. 相似文献
17.
The development and factor structure of the Internalizing Symptoms Scale for Children (ISSC), a new self-report measure for assessing internalizing symptomatology in children, is detailed. Development of the ISSC was driven by the lack of a children's self-report instrument designed specifically to assess the broad domain of internalizing symptomatology, as well as research findings showing a high degree of comorbidity among internalizing syndromes (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, social withdrawal). Thorough and methodologically rigorous procedures were employed during the development of the ISSC to ensure strong content validity as well as clinical utility. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic procedures were utilized on the 54-item ISSC research protocol, resulting in a strong two factor solution for the 48 items retained. Factor 1, Negative Affect/General Distress, includes items that indicate the presence of internalizing symptoms, or in some cases, the absence of optimistic or functional emotional states. Factor 2, Positive Affect, includes items describing positive affect incompatible with internalizing symptoms, or in some cases, items that reflect the absence of internalizing symptoms. Results of the factor analyses are discussed in terms of previous research on affectivity and specific internalizing syndromes or disorders. Potential uses of the ISSC, as well as further research needed, are described. Implications of the present investigation for future assessment and classification studies in the area of child psychopathology are reviewed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
18.
Medical neglect is under-researched and the extent of the problem in Australia is unknown. We conducted a review of the referrals for medical neglect to the Child Protection Unit (CPU) at a tertiary children’s hospital in Sydney over a 5 years period, from 2011 to 2016, to determine what medical conditions are being referred, the reason for the medical neglect concern and whether cases are managed in line with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guideline on medical neglect.61 cases of medical neglect were identified, constituting 4.1% of all referrals to the Child Protection Unit for physical abuse and neglect. There was a wide variety of medical conditions. Most were chronic medical conditions (87%). The top two medical conditions were chronic and complex multi-system disorders (37.7%) and endocrine disorders (18%). The majority of medical neglect were related to concerns that the caregivers were unwilling to follow medical advice (45.9%) or unable to provide necessary medical care (26.2%). In line with the AAP guideline on medical neglect, all cases were managed by addressing communication difficulties (100%) and resource issues were addressed in 80% of cases. A report to statutory child protection agencies was made in 50% of cases. Directly observed therapy and medical contracts were used in 30% and 26% of cases. We conclude that children with chronic medical conditions may be at risk of medical neglect. Communication difficulties were a factor in all cases. Statutory agency intervention is often required. 相似文献
19.
低分子肝素钠治疗重症肺心病疗效观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：评价低分子肝素钠对重症肺心病患者的疗效和副作用。方法：将92例重症肺心病患者随机分为两组，观察组45例，给予低流量持续吸氧、抗感染、祛痰、止咳平喘、改善心肺功能等常规治疗；治疗组47例在常规治疗基础上加用低分子肝素钠5000IU，皮下注射，每日2次．连用7d。结果：治疗组与观察组治疗后血液流变学及动脉血氧分压比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：低分子肝素钠治疗重症肺心病有显著疗效。 相似文献
20.
以症状自评量表(SCL-90)为主要的测量工具,分析商洛学院学生心理障碍状况及其影响因素,进而探索大学生心理健康的教育体系及模式。调查结果发现:心理障碍学生在大学生中占有一定的比例,他们普遍存在强迫症、抑郁、人际敏感、焦虑、饮食与睡眠和敌对等障碍,不同类型障碍之间存在显著的相关性,但67.27%的学生仅患有1-2种障碍;大学生的心理障碍存在显著的性别、独生状况差异,但无生源和学历差异;个体知觉因素及家庭因素对大学生的心理障碍没有显著影响,但学校因素是产生心理障碍的重要影响因素。学校心理学家应构建积极型心理健康教育理论体系及其教育实践模式。 相似文献