共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Opening up firms to open source has changed professional programmers’ work in software development. In their work practice they must cope with two modes of software production: one based on proprietary, closed work situations, the other built around open source community ways of cooperation and knowledge sharing. In this article we present a study of how programmers cope with the co-existence of an industrial/commercial and a community/commons based mode of production. We analyze how they develop strategies to handle tensions that arise from contradictions between these two modes, and how it changes programmers’ approach towards open source software development in the company. The study covers proprietary companies that have gradually incorporated open source software (hybrid companies) and SMEs entirely built around open source business concepts (pure-play companies). Four strategies are elaborated and discussed in-depth: Engineering in the lab, Market driven tailoring, Developing the community consortium and Peer-production. At a more general level, the study contributes to our understanding of how the transformation of proprietary production processes into a more open mode of knowledge work is not only associated with company strategies, but also with tensions and new demands on how work is strategically handled by knowledge workers. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(2):207-214
As academic institutions produce large amounts of information in their teaching/research and administrative activities and this information should flow smoothly between departments, there appears the need to organize and manage this information thoroughly. In order to avoid information overlapping, this should happen considering the other internal existing systems. Nevertheless, because not all institutions afford to spend a lot on various systems, open source software is an appropriate solution for both educational and administrative services. Our aim is to prove the utility of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) in context of academic organizations. The first part makes an introduction to the concepts of ECM and open source software, as means to enhance process management. The second part regards the components of ECM systems and makes an analysis of their potential use in academic institutions. A system architecture based on ECM, by means of which ECM is usefully connected to other systems operating in educational establishments is proposed. A case study, discussing the implementation of an open source ECM in a large Romanian university, showing its efficacy and focusing on features related to document workflow, is analyzed. 相似文献
3.
Online open source software platforms, such as Sourceforge.net, play a vital role in creating an ecosystem that enables the creation and growth of open source projects. However, there is little research exploring the interactions between open source stakeholders and the platform. We believe that the sustainability of the platform crucially depends on financial incentives. While platforms can obtain these incentives through multiple means, in this paper we focus on one form of financial incentives—voluntary monetary donations by open source community members. We report findings from two empirical studies that examine factors that impact donations. Study 1 investigates the factors that cause some community members to donate and not others. We find that the decision to donate is impacted by relational commitment with open source software platform, donation to projects and accepting donations from others. Study 2 examines what drives the level of donation. We find that the length of association with the platform and relational commitment affects donation levels. 相似文献
4.
5.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(5):431-437
With rapid advancements in information and communication technology, open collaboration has become easier, thereby allowing people to participate through internet platform. Open source software is one of the representative examples of open collaboration. In this research, we examine the antecedents of innovation performance for open source software development organizations on Github (www.github.com), which is a leading web service for the open collaborations of developers. From the perspective of resource allocation, this study investigates effective governance strategies to allocate developers to multiple projects within an organization. Overall, we find that the organization with high performance have a small number of developers to participate in most projects and most developers to participate in a small number of projects. 相似文献
6.
This paper examines the within-industry diversification of software small and medium enterprises that collaborate with the open source software community (OSS SMEs). In doing so, it offers new insights into the association between open innovation and diversification. We rely on arguments inspired by the literature and evidence collected through interviews with OSS SMEs’ top managers to investigate factors that favor or hinder within-industry diversification. First, in line with the mainstream diversification literature, we focus attention on the role of firm size. Second, in the spirit of the open innovation research, we concentrate on the mechanisms that OSS SMEs put in place to get access to the external resources of the OSS community. Econometric evidence on 100 European OSS SMEs shows that firm size is negatively associated to within-industry diversification, while OSS SMEs that have contributed to a larger number of OSS projects have a more diversified portfolio of software products. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that the practice of authorizing firm programmers to contribute autonomously to OSS projects of their own choice during working hours may be positively associated to within-industry diversification only if OSS SMEs possess adequate internal technological resources. 相似文献
7.
基于开源软件项目发起人个体行为视角,以全球最大的开源软件代码托管平台GitHub上的8053组开源软件项目为研究对象,并随机收集了333位项目发起人问卷数据,探索项目发起人对项目绩效的影响及其作用机理,以及知识共享在二者之间的中介作用.研究发现:(1)开源软件项目发起人作为特殊开发者,其参与动机、个人价值观、个人影响力和创新意识对项目绩效具有显著正向影响,其中前两者比后两者的重要性更大;(2)开源社区内的知识共享对项目绩效起到了部分中介作用,高效的知识共享与清晰的知识流转过程对于项目最终质量起着至关重要的作用.研究表明,开源软件项目发起人对于促进开源社区的知识共享与提高项目绩效起到重要的影响作用,而知识共享在项目发起人与项目绩效之间具有中介效应. 相似文献
8.
Joel West 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1259-1285
Computer platforms provide an integrated architecture of hardware and software standards as a basis for developing complementary assets. The most successful platforms were owned by proprietary sponsors that controlled platform evolution and appropriated associated rewards.Responding to the Internet and open source systems, three traditional vendors of proprietary platforms experimented with hybrid strategies which attempted to combine the advantages of open source software while retaining control and differentiation. Such hybrid standards strategies reflect the competing imperatives for adoption and appropriability, and suggest the conditions under which such strategies may be preferable to either the purely open or purely proprietary alternatives. 相似文献
9.
When trying to attain the benefits of open source software (OSS), proprietary closed source software (PCSS) firms are struggling to adopt this radically different practice of software development. We approach these adoption challenges as a problem of gaining support for organizational innovation. Through a mixed-method research design consisting of qualitative interviews and a survey of employees of a large telecommunications firm, we find that the organizational innovation to commercially engage in OSS has different impacts on technical and administrative dimensions of different job roles. Accordingly, individuals enacting different job roles are—on average—more or less well aligned with the OSS practice and OSS processes per se. We find that individual-level attributes can counterbalance the job role changes that weaken support for adopting OSS, while perceived organizational commitment has no effect. Suggestions for PCSS firms are presented and implications for innovation literature are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Relationships between open source software companies and communities: Observations from Nordic firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper deals with the relationships between firms and communities in open source software (OSS). A particular feature of OSS is that important resources are not directly controlled by firms, but partly reside within communities that co-exist with the firms. Despite this, firms explicitly try to utilize the resources within these communities in order to create and appropriate value. Consequently, the relationships that firms have to these communities influence their way of doing business. Based on case studies of Nordic OSS firms, a typology consisting of symbiotic, commensalistic, and parasitic approaches to handle the firm-community relationship is developed. Depending on the chosen approach, firms encounter different managerial issues and also use different operational means of subtle control. While firms relying on a symbiotic approach have greater possibility to influence the community through subtle means of control, they are also confronted with more challenging managerial issues. 相似文献
11.
运用作者共被引分析方法,以Web of Science数据库中收录的开放式创新相关文献作为数据来源,借助Bibexcel、SPSS和Ucinet等分析工具,构建高被引作者共现矩阵,进行多元统计分析和社会网络分析,以可视化形式展现开放式创新研究的知识图谱。研究表明,国外开放式创新研究可分为综合视角、开源软件视角及外部视角三个学术群。其中,综合视角从开放式创新的概念、适用条件、知识管理、价值网络、商业模式创新及创新价值网络、知识产权、企业创新绩效、用户创新等方面展开研究;开源软件视角针对开源软件社区进行研究;外部视角聚焦于获取外部技术与知识的研究。同时,梳理并阐释了国外开放式创新各学术群的内涵。 相似文献
12.
13.
This study examined how participation in open innovation communities influences the innovative and financial performance of firms commercializing open source software. Using an original dataset of open source companies in the Netherlands, I found that the community participation–performance relationship is curvilinear. In addition, results indicate that extensive technical participation in open source projects is more strongly related to performance for firms that also engage in social (“offline”) community activities, for companies of larger size, and for firms with high R&D intensities. Overall, this research refines our understanding of the boundary conditions under which engagement in community-based innovation yields private returns to commercial actors. 相似文献
14.
Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation. 相似文献
15.
通过开放源代码,软件厂商可以借助外部创新力量提升产品质量,但开源同时也会导致部分用户的流失。本文通过构建两阶段的经济学模型,比较两种创新模式的均衡结果,得到了软件厂商的创新模式选择和相应的R&D投入策略。研究发现：（1）若软件厂商对开源社区内开发者贡献的代码资源的吸收能力更强,那么当社区开发者贡献水平较高或者软件厂商R&D成本较低时,其最优选择为开源模式,否则为闭源模式;相反,若开源社区的吸收能力更强,则只有当软件厂商R&D成本较低时才应选择开源模式,否则应选择闭源模式;（2）开源后虽然可以获得外部创新力量,但软件厂商为了维持产品的质量优势,必须增加其R&D投入。本文对软件厂商的决策和相关政策的制定具有指导意义。 相似文献
16.
Research into free and open source software development projects has so far largely focused on how the major tasks of software development are organized and motivated. But a complete project requires the execution of “mundane but necessary” tasks as well. In this paper, we explore how the mundane but necessary task of field support is organized in the case of Apache web server software, and why some project participants are motivated to provide this service gratis to others. We find that the Apache field support system functions effectively. We also find that, when we partition the help system into its component tasks, 98% of the effort expended by information providers in fact returns direct learning benefits to those providers. This finding considerably reduces the puzzle of why information providers are willing to perform this task “for free.” Implications are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Mário Caldeira António Serrano Rui Quaresma Cristiane Pedron Mário Romão 《International Journal of Information Management》2012
This case study analyses the benefits of implementing a paperless software solution (Alert®pfh–Alert Paperfree Hospital, developed by Alert Life Sciences Computing) in a Portuguese Hospital, the Espírito Santo Hospital, in the city of Évora. Alert®pfh is a complete hospital clinical information system with real time clinical information input. It was implemented in emergency medical services, inpatient and outpatient services, and operating room services. Data were collected between 2006 and 2011 prior to, during and after the system's implementation. The case analysis demonstrates that paperless software systems have a significant potential when applied in healthcare organization services. Besides financial benefits, other important organizational features were identified, namely higher levels of patient and professional satisfaction; an increase in efficiency in hospital operations; improvement in the quality of information for management decision-making; and a reduction in medical errors. Lessons learned are noted and conclusions drawn for both theoretical and practical ICT benefits analysis. 相似文献
18.
开放源程序为软件设计提供了更多的机会和便利条件。开放式项目成功与否取决于对软件目标观察的透明度和基本功能的相关定义，这项非常重要的定义工作常常通过开放式标准来开展的。开放式标准制定与完善，与所有以互联网为技术平台相关行业的发展前景密切相关。因此，本文论述了完善规范开放式标准重要性，以及图书信息行业积极参与相关标准制定的迫切性。 相似文献
19.
开源软件开发本着自愿参加和开放服务的原则吸引着越来越多的软件开发者,但是开源社区合作协调的管理一直是个难题。本文对开源软件开发者社区与其中的源代码管理系统的协调性进行了元网络分析实证研究。操作项目代码的次数可作为衡量开源软件成败的一个重要指标,而该指标与开发者和源代码之间的相互依存关系有密切联系。本文用Sourceforge.net开源软件孵化平台的CVS源代码管理系统中的记录文件构建开发者和源代码间的依存网络,分析了该网络中的依存关系对软件成功的影响,并从中介性、等级性、边缘性、一致性和邻接性五个方面探讨了相互依存中的协调性问题。本文提出的方法和得到的结论可帮助开发者降低沟通成本,更有效地协调软件开发中开发者和源代码中的依存关系。 相似文献
20.
David Zeitlyn 《Research Policy》2003,32(7):1287-1291
Building on Eric Raymond’s work this article discusses the motivation and rewards that lead some software engineers to participate in the open source movement. It is suggested that software engineers in the open source movement may have sub-groupings which parallel kinship groups such as lineages. Within such groups gift giving is not necessarily or directly reciprocated, instead members work according to the ‘axiom of kinship amity’—direct economic calculation is not appropriate within the group. What Bourdieu calls ‘symbolic capital’ can be used to understand how people work in order to enhance the reputation (of themselves and their group). 相似文献