共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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归因训练的研究设计与理论检验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
从研究设计和理论检验两方面对3个归因训练研究进行了比较，分析了Weiner的归因理论中的一些要素，讨论了研究设计中的控制组、测试类型、运动任务、被试、测试、训练类型等问题，提出了一个归因训练研究的综合模式。 相似文献
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归因训练越来越多地应用于体育实践，然而对于体育后进生体育成绩的影响还没有深入研究，因此，通过实验探讨归因训练是否对体育后进生体育成绩有影响。研究结果表明归因训练有助于提高体育后进生体育成绩的提高，而且对不同程度的体育后进生其提高程度存在显著性差异。 相似文献
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归因训练研究的理论综述 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
归因训练成上前归因研究的重要领域。作者对归因训练的指导原则、研究历程和发民菜方向等做了较为系统和深入的分析评述,针对归因训练的理论发展提出了以下理论构想;在模式;探索新的归因训练方法;结合归因效果论开展研究;检验归因训练效果的保持和迁移性。 相似文献
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本文通过对归因理论及归因三个维度对情绪影响的的进一步理解、分析,从而从三个方面：确定归因训练的目标;采用有效地归因训练方法;积极正确归因着手切入分析归因训练在运动领域的运用。 相似文献
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体育运动情境再归因训练心理和行为效应研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨了在体育运动成就情境中，再归因训练的心理效应和行为效应。分别就体育运动情境再归因训练对学生情绪情感、对随后行为的期望水平及对随后行为坚持性的影响进行综述。并且对如何在体育教学中实施再归因训练提出了具体的方法措施。 相似文献
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以高等中医院校篮球专项课教学为切入点,以学生篮球考试为成败情境的体验,编制<高等中医院校大学生篮球技术学习成败归因调查问卷>,对篮球专选课的学生进行施测,并以归因训练为干预手段,对其进行了归因训练教学干预,通过实验后得出结论:通过归因训练,能改变学生的归因方式;可以提高学生追求成功的动机,降低避免失败的动机;归因训练有助于提高篮球学习成绩;在归因训练中,应该注意因人而异,区别对待;在体育领域的归因训练,应该加入其他的心理技能训练方法,相互结合,能增强归因训练的效果. 相似文献
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体育教学中归因研究的现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对体育教学中的学生归因、归因训练和教师与学生的归因关系的研究现状进行了综述.指出体育教学中的归因研究多偏重学生的归因及其训练,对教师与学生的归因偏差研究薄弱.提出该领域未来研究的发展方向. 相似文献
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"归因训练"在高校乒乓球选项课中的运用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
郭建强 《体育成人教育学刊》2005,21(1):20-21
将归因训练的理论及方法运用在高校乒乓球选项课教学中，符合教学的巩固性、实践性原则和现代自控式教学原则。通过教学实验表明，归因训练对乒乓球选项课的作用明显优于传统教学方法，值得推广。 相似文献
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Richard W. Willy Stacey A. Meardon André Schmidt Nathan R. Blaylock Scott A. Hadding John D. Willson 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1602-1611
We evaluated the efficacy of an in-field gait retraining programme using mobile biofeedback to reduce cumulative and peak tibiofemoral loads during running. Thirty runners were randomised to either a retraining group or control group. Retrainers were asked to increase their step rate by 7.5% over preferred in response to real-time feedback provided by a wrist mounted running computer for 8 routine in-field runs. An inverse dynamics driven musculoskeletal model estimated total and medial tibiofemoral joint compartment contact forces. Peak and impulse per step total tibiofemoral contact forces were immediately reduced by 7.6% and 10.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Similarly, medial tibiofemoral compartment peak and impulse per step tibiofemoral contact forces were reduced by 8.2% and 10.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). Interestingly, no changes were found in knee adduction moment measures. Post gait retraining, reductions in medial tibiofemoral compartment peak and impulse per step tibiofemoral contact force were still present (P < 0.01). At the 1-month post-retraining follow-up, these reductions remained (P < 0.05). With these per stance reductions in tibiofemoral contact forces in mind, cumulative tibiofemoral contact forces did not change due to the estimated increase in number of steps to run 1 km. 相似文献
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跑步运动损伤的发生率很高,其中髌骨疼痛综合征是最常见的膝关节损伤疾病。通过改变跑步时跑者的落地模式和步频来修正异常的下肢生物力学目前受到越来越多学者的关注。研究目的为针对跑步再训练后跑者髌股关节应力的变化,综述跑步再训练后跑者髌股关节生物力学变化的研究和进展。目前研究已证实通过改变跑步落地模式和步频能够对髌股关节生物力学产生影响,但是针对患有髌骨疼痛综合征跑者的即刻效应的研究较少,且对于同时改变步频和落地模式的效果存在一定争议,未来需进一步探讨髌骨疼痛综合征跑者的跑步再训练效果。 相似文献
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Roy T. H. Cheung Winko W. An Ivan P. H. Au Janet H. Zhang Zoe Y. S. Chan Aislinn J. MacPhail 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(13):1497-1501
Gait retraining using visual biofeedback has been reported to reduce impact loading in runners. However, most of the previous studies did not adequately examine the level of motor learning after training, as the modified gait pattern was not tested in a dual-task condition. Hence, this study sought to compare the landing peak positive acceleration (PPA) and vertical loading rates during distracted running before and after gait retraining. Sixteen recreational runners underwent a two-week visual biofeedback gait retraining program for impact loading reduction, with feedback on the PPA measured at heel. In the evaluation of PPA and vertical loading rates before and after the retraining, the participants performed a cognitive and verbal counting task while running. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between feedback and training on PPA (F = 4.642; P = 0.048) but not vertical loading rates (F > 1.953; P > 0.067). Pairwise comparisons indicated a significantly lower PPA and vertical loading rates after gait retraining (P < 0.007; Cohen’s d > 0.68). Visual feedback after gait retraining reduced PPA and vertical loading rates during distracted running (P < 0.033; Cohen’s d > 0.36). Gait retraining is effective in lowering impact loading even when the runners are distracted. In dual-task situation, visual biofeedback provided beneficial influence on kinetics control after gait retraining. 相似文献
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Rodrigo R. Bini Tiago C. Jacques Felipe P. Carpes Marco A. Vaz 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1336-1341
ABSTRACTPrevious studies have been limited to describe asymmetries during pedalling and suggest possible repercussion on performance and/or injury risks. However, few studies have presented strategies to mitigate asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a pedalling retraining intervention to reduce bilateral pedal force asymmetries. Twenty cyclists were assessed and 10 enrolled in a pedalling retraining method receiving visual and verbal feedback of pedal forces. The asymmetry index was computed for comparison of bilateral peak pedal forces and used during retraining (12 trials at 70% of peak power). Significantly larger asymmetry was observed for asymmetrical cyclists at the first three trials (P < 0.01 and ES = 1.39), which was reduced when post-retraining was compared to measures from symmetrical cyclists (P = 0.69 and ES = 0.18). Cyclists with larger asymmetry (>20%) in bilateral pedal forces reduce their asymmetries using sessions of pedalling retraining and achieve asymmetry indices similar to symmetrical cyclists. 相似文献
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Jocelyn F. Hafer Allison M. Brown Polly deMille Howard J. Hillstrom Carol Ewing Garber 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):724-731
Many studies have documented the association between mechanical deviations from normal and the presence or risk of injury. Some runners attempt to change mechanics by increasing running cadence. Previous work documented that increasing running cadence reduces deviations in mechanics tied to injury. The long-term effect of a cadence retraining intervention on running mechanics and energy expenditure is unknown. This study aimed to determine if increasing running cadence by 10% decreases running efficiency and changes kinematics and kinetics to make them less similar to those associated with injury. Additionally, this study aimed to determine if, after 6 weeks of cadence retraining, there would be carryover in kinematic and kinetic changes from an increased cadence state to a runner’s preferred running cadence without decreased running efficiency. We measured oxygen uptake, kinematic and kinetic data on six uninjured participants before and after a 6-week intervention. Increasing cadence did not result in decreased running efficiency but did result in decreases in stride length, hip adduction angle and hip abductor moment. Carryover was observed in runners’ post-intervention preferred running form as decreased hip adduction angle and vertical loading rate. 相似文献
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体育学习中的习得性无助及其归因训练程序 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
笔者分析了习得性无助在学生体育学习中的表现,以及习得性无助与归因之间的关系,结合归因训练的通用模式和利兹归因编码系统,提出了一个适用于体育学习领域的习得性无助的归因训练程序。 相似文献
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C. Nathan Vannatta Thomas G. Almonroeder Thomas W. Kernozek Stacey Meardon 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):542-551
ABSTRACTMales and females demonstrate unique running mechanics that may contribute to sex-related differences in common running related injuries. Understanding differences in muscle forces during running may inform intervention approaches, such as gait retraining addressing muscle force distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force characteristics and inter-trial variability between males and females during running. Twenty female and 14 male collegiate cross-country runners were examined. Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic data were collected during overground running and used to estimate muscle forces via musculoskeletal modelling. Principle components analysis was used to capture the primary sources of variance from the muscle force waveforms. The magnitude of the forces for the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were higher across the majority of stance in male runners regardless of footstrike pattern. Males also demonstrated greater inter-trial variability in the timing of the peak gluteus maximus force and the magnitude of local peaks in the gastrocnemius force waveform. Male and female collegiate cross-country runners appear to employ unique lower extremity muscle force characteristics during overground running. 相似文献
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Effects of Various Periods of Inactivity on Retention of Newly Acquired Levels of Muscular Endurance
Abstract Male university students (N = 54) engaged in an 8-week training program with sessions held three times per week. Each session consisted of one “all-out” bout of right elbow flexion on an arm lever ergometer against a resistance of 11.03 lbs. at a work rate of 40 repetitions per minute. Following the training phase of the study, the subjects were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and ceased training for either 8, 10, or 12 weeks. At the conclusion of the inactivity period, each subject retrained until his peak performance of the training program had been equaled or exceeded. The analysis of data revealed that no difference existed among the groups: (a) at the beginning of the training program, (b) at the termination of the training program, (c) following the various inactivity periods, and (d) in the number of sessions needed to retrain to the peak performance attained during the training period. The within-group analysis indicated that each group had experienced: (a) significant muscular endurance development during the training period, (b) significant loss of endurance during the period of inactivity, and (c) significant retention of the newly acquired endurance over the inactivity period. Peak performance during the retraining phase was achieved in approximately one-fourth the number of training sessions initially required to attain the same level during the developmental phase. 相似文献