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关于注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断及治疗进展的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期最为常见的、最复杂的心理与行为障碍之一,对儿童本身、家庭、学校、乃至社会都会产生不良影响.因此,从注意缺陷多动障碍的定义及症状、诊断、病因、发病机制和治疗与干预等几个方面对该领域的研究加以分析,以期为诊断和治疗注意缺陷多动障碍提供帮助. 相似文献
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《绵阳师范学院学报》2018,(11):83-88
注意缺陷多动障碍(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童普遍存在营养缺乏的现象,营养补充逐渐成为一种除药物以外辅助治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的方法 .本文主要综述必需脂肪酸、微量元素及其营养补充与ADHD相关性的研究成果,以探讨儿童营养缺乏与ADHD发病风险的相关性,以及营养补充辅助治疗ADHD的潜在优势. 相似文献
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回顾了国内外关于学校开展儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(简称ADHD)干预的研究,对ADHD的治疗和干预研究现状以及学校开展干预的措施进行了总结,其中包括单项干预措施和综合干预措施。最后作出结论,相对其他ADHD干预,学校干预对于改善ADHD学生的人际交往以及提高其学业成绩更具有优势。 相似文献
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陈素芳 《中小学心理健康教育》2017,(9):32-35
一、个案基本情况
多动症是"注意缺陷与多动障碍" (Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)的俗称,指发生于儿童时期,与同龄儿童相比,以明显注意集中困难、注意持续时间短暂、活动过度或冲动为主要特征的一组综合征. 相似文献
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注意缺陷多动障碍儿童在社交方面存在显著困难,教育干预对其提高人际交往技能和社会适应性具有显著作用.该领域的研究主要集中在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童社交问题的家庭干预、群体干预、综合干预方面.后继研究应扩大研究对象的类型,进一步提高干预的可迁移性. 相似文献
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本文对国内关于注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆研究的20篇期刊论文进行了文献计量分析.研究论文总体数量较少,研究方法以实验为主,研究内容主要包括注意缺陷多动障碍儿童与正常儿童工作记忆能力比较研究、不同类型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力比较研究以及注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力干预研究.研究结果表明,注意缺陷多动症儿童的工作记忆存在缺陷,这种缺陷与注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的脑机制异常有关.不同类型的多动症儿童工作记忆能力受损的程度不同.哌甲酯控释剂能够有效改善和提高注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆能力.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童工作记忆的训练研究将会成为日后该领域在我国研究的一大趋势. 相似文献
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PASS理论在ADHD儿童评估与干预中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从PASS理论的角度出发,分析论述了不同亚型的ADHD儿童在不同的认知加工过程中所存在缺陷注意缺陷型ADHD儿童在选择性注意过程中存在缺陷,而多动-冲动型ADHD儿童在计划过程中存在缺陷.因此,对于此类儿童的干预和矫治应当根据其特殊的认知过程缺陷采取不同的策略,从而提高其认知加工能力. 相似文献
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注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的执行功能缺陷理论已在学龄期儿童和青少年中被广泛证明,学龄前是执行功能发展的重要时期,学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系尚存争议。采用元分析的方法整合国内外近十年的文献,探讨学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状的关系,并分析影响因素。通过文献检索,纳入符合要求的文献28篇,共70个有效数据,总样本量6238名。研究结果显示:学龄前儿童执行功能及其子成分均能够显著预测后期的ADHD症状;学龄前儿童执行功能与ADHD症状具有显著相关,进一步的调节效应显示,执行功能测量方式会显著影响执行功能与ADHD症状的关系;抑制控制、工作记忆均与注意缺陷和多动症状显著相关,其中工作记忆与注意缺陷相关度最高。 相似文献
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多动症是学龄儿童发病率最高的心理行为问题之一.基于学校的综合干预是由临床心理医生、心理教育研究人员、学校教师和家长分工合作,共同参与,主要在学校和家庭实施的,以认知行为辅导为主、药物干预为辅的干预模式.由于充分发挥了医、教两方面的优势,这一模式不仅能有效改善多动症的核心症状,还能对儿童各方面产生了良性引导,并能够建起较... 相似文献
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《Mind, Brain, and Education》2017,11(2):64-74
There has been increasing evidence in recent years of the need to adapt intervention programs to the specific needs of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main goal of this research work was to study the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve attention and reflexivity in school children with ADHD in order to verify the improvements in symptoms associated with ADHD such as aggressivity, social isolation, anxiety, and attention deficit. The sample was comprised of 26 primary school children ranging from 7 to 10 years of age with ADHD. Symptoms of children with ADHD were evaluated by applying the Escalas Magallanes Screening Scale for Attention Deficits and Other Developmental Problems in Children (EMA‐DDA) at two time points (pre and post). The results show a statistically significant reduction in symptoms on the aggressivity and social isolation scales measured with the EMA‐DDA after applying the intervention program. These data supports the potential value of an intervention program for working with ADHD children. 相似文献
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Xiangsheng Luo Jialiang Guo Dongwei Li Lu Liu Yanbo Chen Yu Zhu Stuart J. Johnstone Yufeng Wang Yan Song Li Sun 《Child development》2021,92(6):e1186-e1197
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits associated with attention. Prior studies have revealed the potential impact of ADHD on basic perception and cognitive ability in patients with ADHD. In this study, bilateral posterior P1 and N1 were measured in 122 Chinese children aged 7–12 years (64 with ADHD) to investigate the developmental characteristics of early perception during visual processing in school-age children with ADHD. For children with ADHD, a larger P1 activity with an atypical developmental pattern was evoked and observed for the visual search performance. These findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of cognitive developmental deficits and intervention techniques in children with ADHD. 相似文献
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从特质、鉴别以及干预等方面综述了国内外注意力缺陷多动障碍超常儿童的研究进展.描述ADHD儿童与超常儿童共存的特质,对ADHD超常儿童与一般超常儿童和ADHD儿童进行比较;介绍智力测验、行为观察和创造力测验等多种鉴别方法,通过不同方法对多种能力进行评估可提高鉴别准确性;对ADHD超常儿童进行教育干预,既要通过药物和行为治疗,弥补其缺陷,更要设计合理的超常教育方案,促进其潜能的实现. 相似文献
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Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most heritable psychiatric childhood disorders, social and gene–environment interactions seemingly play an important role in the etiology of ADHD. Consistent with this, this study finds that School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) reduced the likelihood of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for ADHD at age 14–16 by 12%, using population-wide Norwegian register data and a difference-in-difference design (N = 698,364, birth cohorts 1990–2002, 48.7% girls, 5.7% immigrant background). At-risk students in schools with high fidelity of implementation are driving these intervention effects. Overall, the findings indicate that children with a genetic disposition for ADHD are more likely to avoid medical treatment in an organized and predictable school setting with a focus on positive reinforcement. 相似文献
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In this article we describe coaching as an intervention for college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Coaching college students with ADHD empowers individuals to organize and execute their responsibilities, both in academia and in everyday life. With the assistance of a coach, individuals with ADHD can create structure and execute change by identifying strategies that circumvent their deficits in executive functioning. We also present an example of a representative client to illustrate the methods used in coaching. Given the increased risks facing college students with ADHD, coaching is a useful complement to academic advising and intensive therapy. Our discussion includes obstacles to implementing and evaluating an ADHD coaching intervention. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 647–656, 2005. 相似文献
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This paper describes daily report cards and the evidence relating to their use in schools for children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This intervention typically involves teachers evaluating a student's behaviour at school against pre‐determined targets and parents subsequently providing reinforcement at home for positive reports. Research suggests that the daily report card has been effective in treating a range of ADHD symptoms and improving school outcomes, including academic achievement in some cases. The daily report card also encourages collaboration between teachers and parents, and evidence suggests that the intervention benefits from the inclusion of reinforcement at home. Daily report cards are easy to implement and research finds that teachers consider them an acceptable intervention for ADHD. This paper also considers challenges in using daily report cards, including barriers to their use over the long‐term and the risk of stigma for children with a report card. Ideas to address these issues are suggested. 相似文献
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Martine Poirier Michle Dry Jean Toupin Pierrette Verlaan Jean‐Pascal Lemelin Jadzia Jagiellowicz 《Psychology in the schools》2015,52(4):403-418
There is limited empirical research on the correlates of conduct problems (CP) and depression comorbidity during childhood. This study investigated 479 elementary school children (48.2% girls). It compared children with comorbidity to children with CP only, depression only, and control children on individual, academic, social, and family characteristics. The study also analyzed gender differences in the associations between correlates and comorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that children with CP and depression had higher levels of anxiety and more school difficulties than children with CP only, more social difficulties and more severe attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms than children with depression only, and more difficulties in all domains than control children. Girls with CP and depression presented a particularly negative profile, including lower school abilities than CP and control girls, and lower social skills and more severe ADHD symptoms than control girls. Implications for evaluation and intervention planning are discussed. 相似文献