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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):122-126
Abstract

Three Hispano-Moresque woven textiles dating from the first half of the twelfth century were restored for an exhibition. The first two are from the reliquary of St Librada in Sigüenza cathedral and the third is from the tomb of St Bernard Calvó in Vich. The first piece depicts addorsed griffins, the second, eagles with extended wings and the third, facing sphinxes. Contained within circles, they belong to a class of textile known in mediaeval documents as pallia-rotata. The spaces between the circles are decorated with typically Islamic designs, and with representations of plants and animals. A similar material was used for all three pieces: silk for both warp and weft, with gold thread for certain decorative motifs. All three textiles were found in a fragmentary condition; they had been glued and sewn onto thin card. The fibres were in a fairly weak state and had lost much oftheir flexibility and resistance. Apart from the work of restoration, the dyestuffs and the metal thread were analyzed and the decorative motifs were reconstructed using scale drawings.  相似文献   

2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):168-174
Abstract

The history, materials and technique of an early fifteenth-century wall painting, St Michael Weighing Souls, are described. The pigments are typical of mediaeval Spain but the methods by which they were applied show a sophisticated understanding of their optical properties. Complex mechanisms of deterioration in some areas of colour are discussed, together with the rationale, materials and methods used in the conservation treatment.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):127-129
Abstract

The restoration of the seventeenth-century adobe church at Carabuco, Bolivia, offers a model of how to conduct the preservation of the Latin American cultural heritage at remote sites. This paper details the conservation of the church's polychromed wooden choirloft, which had previously been restored in 1765-66 after this and other portions of the church collapsed. The choirloft is made oflocally grown eucalyptus wood painted all over with a tempera-based medium. It was executed by a local artist whose style draws on local folk-art traditions while reinterpreting European Renaissance decorative schemes. The choirloft conservation project had two goals: to guarantee its structural integrity and to stabilize the decorative paint layers. These goals were accomplished in a four-month conservation project which formed part of a larger effort to restore the church.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

The digitization of library materials has had a tremendous impact on libraries. By using the Internet, readers can access digital library materials from any place in the world. The BMCC Library started several programs to provide more digital materials to its patrons in the forms of electronic books, periodicals, full-text materials, and webpage links to other databases. A test program began in spring 2002 for course reserves, and electronic archiving was about to start in fall 2001. This paper describes a survey conducted to measure the response to the implementation of ERes for digitizing course reserves.  相似文献   

6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):154-156
Abstract

The giant iron statue of a lion is a significant ancient work of art in China, built in AD 953. Natural conditions and a complex history over a period of about a thousand years have created severe damage. This study assembled a complete three-dimensional (3D) digital model of the statue for its protection and scientific studies carried out during the restoration process. The model illustrates the successful application of 3D laser scanning technology for precise documentation of a monumental iron object. In addition, virtual restoration and reconstruction of the statue have been realized by means of manipulating the 3D model, thus the educational and academic value of the digital model is enhanced. The final appearance of the virtual statue may help increase understanding of the culture of previous centuries in China.  相似文献   

7.
Two sixteenth-century Limoges painted enamel plaques by Léonard Limosin in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, show a remarkable restoration technique consisting of separately enameled pieces that have been inserted into areas where original enamel was lost. A detailed investigation of the two plaques brought information about this former restoration method and the materials used. Investigation included optical microscopy, UV-A examination, and X-radiography for identification and mapping of the insert restorations, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for analyzing organic restoration material as well as X-ray fluorescence for studying the enamel compositions. A survey of six other Limoges painted enamel collections in the USA was carried out, which revealed many more of these insert restorations and indicated particular damages related to the so-called paillon designs on silver or gold foils. A literature review was undertaken focusing on possible causes of the damage as well as on persons and workshops that may have executed the insert restorations.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

Historical pedal harps from the early nineteenth century are highly adorned objects, decorated with various techniques such as polychromy, gilding, decoupage, and gilt composition ornaments. Even though a large number of such instruments are kept in private and public collections, until now their decorative features have not been examined systematically. Moreover, little has been written about the motives behind the choice of various decorative techniques by harp makers. This article presents results from the investigation of a double-action harp made in 1818 by Erard, the leading manufacturer of harps in Regency London, focusing on the technological aspects of its decorative features. Various analytical methods, such as visual examination, microscopy, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and Py-GC-MS, were used to identify the inorganic and organic components in the coating of the harp and to analyse its stratigraphy. Inspection with ultraviolet light revealed details of the original layers and of later additions, while radiography made the internal structure as well as damaged areas and repairs visible. The outcome of this object-based examination was complemented by archival research on the Erard firm, providing new insight into Erard’s production and marketing strategies.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

This study investigates the site of intersection between legacy and social media, whereby it asks how local legacy media (St Louis Post-Dispatch and Richmond Times-Dispatch) invoked social media (Facebook and Twitter) discourse within their coverage of the Ferguson (2014) and Charlottesville (2017) events. It thus explores how gatekeeping is manifested and, consequently, how the protest paradigm emerged in a news landscape of proliferating social media. Thematic textual analysis indicates that coverage of Charlottesville and Ferguson clearly relied on indulging the social media sphere in important ways. Common themes of social media as multipurpose platforms, as interfacing with law and order, and as reconciling material and digital modes culminating in social activism were revealed. The study shows that the protest paradigm that has long characterized legacy media’s coverage of social protest is not as “pure” as it may once have been, since a social media component is helping define the contours and content of legacy media’s landscape.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

The online environment has radically changed the way in which users consume, discover and manipulate news. The growing relevance of social media platforms and digital intermediaries for news sharing and consumption increase the likelihood of citizens to be exposed to online news even when they are not seeking it. This digital transformation fundamentally challenges the way online news use and exposure have been conceptualized and measured, affecting also to citizens’ knowledge about public affairs and politics. This article examines the factors that predict the probability to be an “incidentally exposed news user” online. Specifically, based on a representative US sample from the Pew Research Centre, this study analyses the role of media preference, use and trust. Findings indicate that beyond users’ demographics and loyalty, readers’ news preferences, uses and trust, specially of social media platforms, affect their probability to be incidentally exposed to news online. These results have important empirical and theoretical implications for understanding the connection between readers’ news consumption patterns and online exposure, intentional or incidental.  相似文献   

11.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):175-178
Abstract

The sculpture of St Gines de la Jara in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, dated 1692, is an outstanding example of the estofado technique of imitating brocade in gold leaf and paint. The life-size figure retains most of its original polychromy. In previous restoration treatments, there had been an unsuccessful attempt to simulate the estofado. The present treatment included a comprehensive technical examination, using X-radiography to identify construction techniques and cross-sectional analysis for the layer structure and materials. The decoration of the sculpture was carefully studied with the goal of understanding more clearly the technique of the estofador. A cleaning strategy was then devised. Where there were losses in the estofado, it was decided to aim for a chromatic compensation using watercolours, rather than attempting to duplicate the original process.  相似文献   

12.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):327-369
Abstract

The restoration of the Hedin altar in Rothenburg o.d.T., dated 1466, is described. The polychromed sculptures were cleaned and loose paint was fixed. Methods and materials used in the restoration of the paintings, the areas polychromed in various techniques and the brocade reliefs are mentioned. The altar was protected from direct sunlight. The construction of the shrine and the technique of carving are extensively discussed. Sculptures made from one piece of lime wood were hollowed out and closed with a plank. Traces of rough finishing are visible. Shrine and predella were polychromed after a preliminary assembly of the sculptures. The various techniques used in the undisfigured polychromy are described as they are observed with the unaided eye. It can be shown that the working methods were rational. The fabrication of relief brocades and the various patterns used are discussed in detail. The treatment of the various paintings on the wings, the predella and the reverse of the shrine is reported. The question is raised to what extent the painter Herlin can also have been responsible for the polychromy.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

This paper describes the digital resources construction in China, such as e-books and e-journals, and the importance of e-learning for Chinese education. Knowledge objects are regarded as base elements in the microstructure of digital resources. The knowledge deconstruction and reconstruction process is proposed for creation and reorganization of knowledge objects that serve as the knowledge elements in teaching reference materials. Based on knowledge objects and the knowledge deconstruction and reconstruction process, the Digital Teaching Reference Book System (DTRBS) of Tsinghua University is designed and developed to provide the teaching reference book services in the platform of Web services.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

Based on a keynote address to the 2018 International Society for First World War Studies conference, the author’s survey of a centenary of archival endeavour comprises four time periods and two themes. It highlights the unique role of the Australian War Memorial and its initial documentation priorities favouring Dr C.E.W. Bean’s official war history, the battlefront and the war dead. A post-centenary open-ended aftermath is also discussed covering processing backlogs, the prospective idea of ‘digital breakthrough’ and the archival implications of ever-widening understandings of the war and its endless aftermaths. The paper ends with an appeal for new voices in researching the documentation of Australia’s Great War experience.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT. Global outlook on library visitorship and loans point to a downward trend in physical visits and loans, whilst digital visits and loans are trending up. Singapore’s network of public libraries has not been spared and has been experiencing the same phenomenon of either declining or slow growth in visitorship and loans in the recent years. An inaugural nation-wide population study was launched in 2016 to comprehensively understand the state of reading in Singapore, reading motivation, and barriers to reading, lifestyle mapping, media technology habits, and Information- and knowledge-seeking habits. This article focuses on Singaporeans’ reading habits in physical and digital format. The findings shed light on ways Singapore libraries can attract the general public to make use of library content and services and can regain market share and remain relevant in the longer run.  相似文献   

16.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):112-115
Abstract

The preservation of the vast cultural heritage of tiles in Portugal requires the development of a systematic scientific and technological approach. In this communication the case of the treatment of a panel of ancient tIles is described. The main problem was the cleaning and consolidation of the piece, followed by restoration for exhibition. The treatment was preceded by a study of the materials, consisting of analyses of the ceramic body and the glazed surface. The removal of aged waxes and resins was achieved using appropriate solvents and the consolidation of the ceramic body was carried out by an inorganic treatment. For the reconstruction of missing parts and the mounting of the panel materials were chosen which would avoid interaction with the original material.  相似文献   

17.
[目的/意义]调查研究欠发达地区农村公共数字文化服务供给与利用现状，深入了解农村地区公共数字文化服务供给与利用存在的问题，把握村民心理。[方法/过程]采用网络调查和田野调查相结合的方法对湖南省衡南县两处村庄的公共数字文化服务供给与利用现状进行调查，采用走访观察、深度访谈和焦点访谈的方法收集原始访谈资料，并运用扎根理论进行质性研究。[结果/结论]调查结果显示，负面的环境因素、服务供给、个人因素和服务需求使得村民对公共数字文化服务利用率极低、认识趋向消极，两村存在着基础利用条件不佳、供给不到位、宣传力度不足、规划管理不合理、知晓度和利用率低等诸多问题，进而提出相关建议，以期为推进欠发达地区农村公共数字文化服务建设提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

In the summer of 1998, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a pilot project for electronic reserves using Contec North America's ‘C3’ e-reserve system. This paper discusses how the pilot project was implemented, including equipment required for the system, types of materials placed on reserve, and problems encountered and solved. It also examines the areas that will determine the future of e-reserves at UNC-CH, copyright management, web access, and the incorporation of multi-media and online articles.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Building a library’s collection requires more than collecting print materials and shelving them in the stacks. The growth of e-books and e-serials over the past decade has been phenomenal. Given the scope of its collection building, the Library of Congress (LOC) has been required to actively pursue the acquisition and management of e-books and e-serials in its permanent collection. This article surveys how the LOC has taken advantage of existing structures and how it has pursued new paths to succeed in this undertaking. Finally, it lays out some of the outstanding problems that the LOC faces as it attempts to build a digital equivalent to its print collection.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

This research reports for the first time the inclusion of Oryza sativa straw, root, and husk as a vegetal additive in the fifth century CE decorative mud plaster of the Buddhist cave of Bezeklik. The investigation is based on the morphological, anatomical, and silica bodies study of the vegetal additives accomplished through a light microscope, stereomicroscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, and scanning electron microscope from the isolated fragments of the painted plaster, transported to India in the nineteenth century and presently housed in National Museum, New Delhi. Studies indicate that loamy sand soil sourced locally for the earthen plaster was mixed with paddy straw in the proportion of 25–30% by volume for cohesion and strength. The excess of sand and absence of clay-size particles in plaster is, however, causing disaggregation of the grains due to lack of cohesion. As locally available materials are preferably used for any plaster works, this study also raises the question – was ancient Bezeklik, now a desert of Northwest China, once a rice-growing area in addition to the crops of Triticum aestivum (wheat), Setaria italica (Foxtail millet), and Hordeum vulgare (barley) reported by many researchers, based on hypothetical environment recreation. This study will help prepare a compatible plaster for the restoration of fragile-painted plaster fragments.  相似文献   

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