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1.
Within the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) framework, research has considered the consequences of coaches' autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors on various athlete outcomes (e.g., motivation and performance). The antecedents of such behaviors, however, have received little attention. Coaches (N = 443) from a variety of sports and competitive levels completed a self-report questionnaire to assess their psychological need satisfaction, well-being and perceived interpersonal behaviors toward their athletes. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that coaches' competence and autonomy need satisfaction positively predicted their levels of psychological well-being, as indexed by positive affect and subjective vitality. In turn, coaches' psychological well-being positively predicted their perceived autonomy support toward their athletes, and negatively predicted their perceived controlling behaviors. Overall, the results highlight the importance of coaching contexts that facilitate coaches' psychological need satisfaction and well-being, thereby increasing the likelihood of adaptive coach interpersonal behavior toward athletes. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACTResearch has suggested the need to use a person-centred approach to examine multidimensionality of motivation. Guided by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the primary aim of the present study was to examine the motivational profiles in table tennis players and their composition by gender, country, training status, and competition levels (from recreational to international). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles. Participants were 281 table tennis players from multiple countries, mostly the U.S. and China. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses were conducted and showed three motivational profiles with distinct quantity and quality: “low”, “controlled”, and “self-determined”. Chi-square tests of independence demonstrated significant differences in their cluster membership by country, formal training with a coach, and competition levels, but not gender. MANCOVA results indicated differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles, in which the controlled profile had the greatest anxiety symptoms. These differences are attributed to the quality over quantity of motivation, which have meaningful implications for table tennis coaches and sport psychology consultants to diagnose and intervene with players in order to reduce their performance anxiety and improve their well-being. 相似文献
3.
Using basic psychological needs theory (BPNT; Ryan & Deci, 2000) as our guiding framework, we explored cultural differences in the relationships among physical education students' perceptions of teacher autonomy support, psychological need satisfaction, subjective vitality and effort in class. Seven hundred and fifteen students (age range from 13 to 15 years) from the U.K. and Hong Kong, China, completed a multisection inventory during a timetabled physical education class. Multilevel analyses revealed that the relationships among autonomy support, subjective vitality and effort were mediated by students' perceptions of psychological need satisfaction. The relationship between autonomy support and perceptions of competence was stronger in the Chinese sample, compared with the U.K. sample. In addition, the relationship between perceptions of relatedness and effort was not significant in the Chinese students. The findings generally support the pan-cultural utility of BPNT and imply that a teacher-created autonomy supportive environment may promote positive student experiences in both cultures. 相似文献
4.
Self-determination theory suggests that when psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are met, participants experience more self-determined types of motivation and more positive outcomes. Limited research has examined this mediational role of self-determined motivation in adult physical activity participants, and very few studies have included assessments of relatedness. This study tested the hypothesis that self-determined motivation would mediate the relationship between psychological need fulfillment and affective and behavioral outcomes. Adult dragon boaters (N = 558) between the ages of 19 and 83 completed a questionnaire on motivational aspects of dragon boating. Competence, relatedness, and autonomy all significantly predicted self-determined motivation, but self-determined motivation only partially mediated their relationship with positive and negative affect. These findings demonstrate the importance of all three needs in adult activity motivation and suggest that the relationships between needs, self-determination, and outcomes may be complex. 相似文献
5.
A. Rui Gomes A. Manuela Gonçalves Olga Dias Catarina Morais 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):80-94
Purpose: This study tested two hypotheses relating young athletes’ sports motivations to parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal: (1) young athletes’ motivation in sports is related to their parents’ behavior; and (2) this relationship is mediated by cognitive appraisal, even after controlling for competitive level and sports records. Method: This cross-sectional study included 673 young athletes and it measured the athletes’ perceptions of parental behaviors, cognitive appraisal, and sports motivation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed Hypothesis 1–the mother’s behaviors accounted for 15 to 16% of the variance in sports motivation, and the father’s behaviors accounted for 12 to 21% of the variance. The correlation patterns differed according to whether the athletes were evaluating the mother’s or father’s behaviors. Hypothesis 2 also was confirmed, for cognitive appraisal partially mediated the relationship between the perception of parental behaviors and sports motivation (34% of the variance was accounted for by the perception of the mother’s behavior; 30% by the father’s). The mediating model did not vary with competitive level or sports records. Conclusion: Parental behaviors and cognitive appraisal need to be taken into account to understand young athletes’ sports motivations. 相似文献
6.
运用动机理论，对我国部分地区中老年从事气功锻炼的动机进行了调查，结果显示中老年人从事气功锻炼的动机是比较广泛和复杂的，既有直接的动机，又有间接的动机；既有缺乏情动机的，又有丰富情动机的。通过分析发现，我国现行的许多气功活动不仅仅是一种体育锻炼活动，同时也是一项团体性较强的社会活动。 相似文献
7.
着重介绍了国外青少年身体活动和运动动机研究.主要涉及身体活动和运动动机理论,竞技运动的参与动机与退出动机,身体活动与闲暇运动动机,竞技运动和闲暇运动动机的性别差异和年龄差异,身体活动水平与动机等方面,并分析了已有研究在跨文化、社会性动机和其他方面存在的问题. 相似文献
8.
L. Haerens M. Vansteenkiste A. De Meester J. Delrue I. Tallir G. Vande Broek 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2018,23(1):16-36
Background: According to Self-Determination Theory, teachers and sport coaches can differ in the motivating style they rely upon to motivate young people. When endorsing an autonomy-supportive motivating style, instructors try to identify, vitalize, and nurture youngsters’ inner motivational resources. In contrast, instructors with a dominant controlling motivating style rather pressure youngsters to think, feel, or behave in prescribed ways. While the dimensions of autonomy support and control can be conceptually differentiated, in reality both dimensions may co-occur to different degrees.Purpose: The present study investigates to what extent perceived autonomy support and control can be combined and which motivating style then yields the most optimal pattern of outcomes.Research design: Multi-Study with Cross-Sectional Design.Findings: In two studies, conducted among elite athletes (N?=?202; Mage?=?15.63; SD?=?1.70) and students in physical education (N?=?647; Mage?=?13.27; SD?=?0.68) reporting on their instructor’s motivating style, cluster analyses systematically pointed towards the extraction of four motivating profiles. Two of these groups were characterized by the dominant presence of either autonomy support (i.e. high-autonomy support) or control (i.e. high control), while the two dimensions were found to be equally present in the two remaining groups (i.e. high–high or low–low). Results revealed that the high-autonomy support group showed to the most optimal pattern of outcomes (e.g. need satisfaction, autonomous motivation), while the high-control group yielded the least optimal pattern of outcomes. Results further showed that perceiving one’s instructor as high on control is detrimental (e.g. higher need frustration, amotivation) even when the instructor is additionally perceived to be autonomy-supportive. Finally, it appeared better to be relatively uninvolved than to be perceived as exclusively high on control.Conclusions: When coaches or teachers are perceived to be high on autonomy support and low on control, this is likely to benefit youngsters’ motivation and well-being. Also, while some instructors, particularly those who are functioning in a more competitive context where pressure is considered more normative, may endorse the belief that the combination of autonomy support and control yields the most effective cocktail to motivate young people (e.g. using competitive and game-based activities to make it fun, while treating ‘the losers’ with punishments such as push-ups or humiliating comments), this perspective is not supported by the findings of the current study. Apart, from its theoretical relevance, the findings of the present study are valuable for future intervention development. 相似文献
9.
体育社团法治环境与法律保障机制构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用文献资料、理论分析等方法对构建我国体育社团发展的法治环境和法律保障机制进行了分析.研究认为,体育社团要实现健康快速发展,需要多学科多视角的智力支持,需要构建完善的法治环境和法律保障机制,即实现体育社团环境法治化,消除理论与实践脱节现象,法治环境应在体育社团环境中保持适当的强势主导地位,消除体育社团边界不清或无边界的法治理念等障碍,建设体育社团法律保障机制,明确体育社团法律职责. 相似文献
10.
Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to replicate previous studies in which selected demographic and socioeconomic factors were examined as influences on socialization into youth sport and (b) to extend previous research by analyzing the effects of parental influence on involvement in and motivations toward sport. The range of focus in this study was from the time of the subjects' first encounter with organized sport through the senior year of high school. Data were obtained from direct administration of the questionnaire to twelfth-grade students in four Jackson, Mississippi, high schools. Regression analysis revealed that significant independent variables accounted for nearly 26% of the variance in sport involvement in one setting and nearly 10% of the variance in motivations toward involvement in sport and recreational activities. Subjects' gender, their fathers' past athletic experiences, and mothers' educational levels were the most influential independent variables. Influences varied between school sports and out-of-school sports and over the sports career of subjects. 相似文献
11.
Benjamin J. Houltberg Kenneth T. Wang Wei Qi Christina S. Nelson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(3):354-360
Further research is needed on factors related to the emotional health of elite athletes. Previous research has linked self-narratives of people or their narrative identities to their psychological well-being. However, no study has yet examined self-narratives among elite athletes. Purpose: This study examined whether specific profiles or narrative identities of athletes emerge through multiple self-narrative indicators; these profiles were compared on measures of psychological well-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, postfailure shame levels, and life satisfaction). Method: Self-report data were collected from a sample of elite athletes (n = 99, Mdn age = 22 years, 52% male, 53% individual sports) competing at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1, professional, or Olympic level. Results: Latent profile analysis revealed 3 profile types that significantly differed on measures of psychological well-being. Athletes with a performance-based narrative identity (high perfectionism, fear of failure, and contingent self-worth) demonstrated the highest levels of psychological disruptions (highest levels of depression, anxiety, and shame; lowest levels of life satisfaction), whereas a purpose-based narrative identity (high purpose, global self-worth, positive view of self after sport) was associated with the highest level of psychological well-being (lowest levels of depression, anxiety, and shame; highest levels of life satisfaction). Athletes in the mixed-type profile class reported better psychological well-being compared with the performance-based profile class but not the purpose-based profile class. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence that particular self-narrative profiles of elite athletes contribute to their own psychological well-being in a significant way. Possible implications for practitioners are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(3):363-378
Professional sport teams are increasingly engaging in activities that target community development agendas. Previous researchers have examined why teams engage in such activities and the value they derive from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective; however, an understanding of the nature and focus of such activities is only beginning to emerge and further research attention is necessary. To address this gap, the authors draw on both CSR and sport-for-development (SFD) literature to examine community activities undertaken by professional sport teams. An exploratory case study methodology was employed, using a multi-case design to examine the activities of 70 professional sport teams across the commercially dominant league in each of three regions (Australia, the UK, and the US). A total of 1243 initiatives were recorded and analysed to build a profile of the nature and focus of the community activities undertaken. These were classified into 14 specific categories and analysis identified three core groups of activities: giving, activating and capacity building. Teams primarily targeted health and education agendas; however, differences were observed across regions. Teams in the US engaged more heavily in giving activities, whereas teams in the UK more commonly engaged in capacity-building activities. Variations were also observed with respect to target agenda, demonstrating differences within practices across regions. The authors propose community-oriented practices as a concept to describe the community-focused activities undertaken by professional sport teams at the intersection of CSR and SFD, and a working definition of this concept is offered. 相似文献
13.
钱亮 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(8):39-41
通过文献资料法,阐释了悬吊训练的生物力学原理,分析了悬吊法体能训练的应用价值、应用现状,指出了其存在的主要现实问题,并对该训练方法的前景进行展望。结果：悬吊法体能训练是一种新兴的体能训练方法,1）其在提高运动员躯干核心稳定性、平衡能力,改善协调控制能力,促进运动员专项能力发展等方面发挥了重要作用;2）初步应用于足球、跳水、武术、风浪板等技能主导类的运动项目之中,有望广泛应用于技能主导类的运动项目和体能主导类需要提高核心稳定性、平衡能力,改善控制能力的运动项目之中;3）从运动康复领域逐步应用于运动损伤的治疗领域;4）其在对训练方法的选择、训练理论的深度研究、训练强度的安排、测量评价体系等方面还存在不足。 相似文献
14.
高等体育教育改革与民族传统体育的发展 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
刘树军 《武汉体育学院学报》2000,34(2):75-77
民族传统体育的发展既受社会发展的制约,又要为社会服务。在高等体育教育改革中,依据社会需要、体育运动原理和教育发展规律,设置民族传统体育专业,发掘民族传统体育的生命力,促进民族传统体育的现代化转型,使民族传统体育在全民健身运动中发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
15.
论国际体育仲裁协议的自治性
———特别述及国际体育仲裁院之规则与实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张春良 《天津体育学院学报》2011,26(6):510-515
国际体育仲裁协议是体育仲裁机制的宪章,赋予其自治属性可据之免除司法机关的不当牵制而最大限度维护体育仲裁协议之有效性。根据国际体育仲裁规则与实践,国际体育仲裁协议的自治性表现为管辖权自治、法律适用自治和地位自治。国际体育仲裁院作为国际体育世界的"最高法庭",以其权威实践诠释了体育仲裁协议的自治特征,实现了行业自治与接近正义精神的两全。 相似文献
16.
浅析司法介入体育纠纷的难度及理由 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将特别权力关系理论作为司法介入体育自治问题的理论依据进行了基础性阐述,并分析了这一理论在体育自治领域的适用可能。进而,对司法不得介入的理由和司法得以介入的理由分别进行了初步论证,既从反面分析了国内现阶段的相关立法缺陷和机制冲突,也从正面阐述了在国内法治发展和国际趋势推动的前提下司法介入体育纠纷的必要性和可能性。 相似文献
17.
刘志军 《体育科技文献通报》2021,(1):63-64
竞技体育项目中,核心力量的增强能够帮助运动员有效提升竞技能力,这一观念已被海内外众多体育领域的专家学者所认可。核心力量作为一个研究的热点,在运动训练、体育竞赛、运动损伤、运动康复等诸多领域的作用也随着日益深入的研究显现得更加清晰。核心力量训练对竞技成绩的提升有着深层次的推动,任何竞技运动项目中对身体核心肌群的训练都是训练成绩的重要保障。因此针对不同的竞技项目,结合专项特点进行核心力量训练就显得异常关键。本文运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、专家访谈法对羽毛球项目中核心力量训练的意义以及核心力量训练的方法与手段进行研究和探讨,旨在为羽毛球教练员、运动员和从事羽毛球项目研究的体育工作者提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
18.
The performance profile technique is now widely used by a range of sports scientists, usually as the first step in implementing a training programme. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of altered mood states on areas of perceived need for an individual identified by the performance profile. Sixty-seven university sports science students (30 females, 37 males) participated in the study. They completed their performance profile and a shortened version of the Bi-polar Profile of Mood States before and after four separate mood manipulation treatments (happy, sad, neutral, control). The participants were allocated at random to one of four groups and completed the treatments in a counterbalanced order. Mood manipulation checks identified that both the happy and sad manipulations were successful. Profile areas of perceived need, identified through discrepancies in an individual's perceptions of ideal and current state, were not affected by the sad and neutral manipulations or by the control condition. However, areas of perceived need were significantly lower after the happy mood manipulation than before the treatment. Our results show that asking individuals to complete their profiles when in a happy mood state is likely to affect judgements and result in an underestimation of perceived need for improvement. 相似文献
19.
李今亮 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(11):46-50
对需要做出快速判断和决策的运动项目而言,认知技能是其专业技能组成的核心成份。对运动认知技能研究领域中的软件与硬件之争,以及软件学说面临的最大难题———迁移问题进行了综述,指出了目前在该领域研究中存在的主要问题及未来的研究方向。 相似文献
20.
AbstractThe modernization of Chinese and Japanese national traditional sports is here discussed using cultural comparative methods based on a dual construction theory of ‘inner core–outer edge’ according to the cultural classification principle. The paper concludes that, in the initial stage of the modernization of Chinese and Japanese traditional sports attributable to the eastward spread of Western culture through the cultural temporal and spatial space, cultural characteristics, nature, and internal adjustment mechanisms are major causes of the differences in the modernization process between Chinese and Japanese national traditional sports. Time lags existed in the modernization process in temporal, spatial, and subjectivity characteristics. This paper interprets the modernization process of Chinese traditional sports and explores useful implications for the transformation strategies and approaches to transformation. 相似文献