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1.
Grapes are the richest source of antioxidants due to the presence of potent bioactive phytochemicals. In this study, the phytochemical contents, scavenging activities and protective role against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo of four grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars extracts, namely Flame seedless (black), Kishmish chorni (black with reddish brown), Red globe (red) and Thompson seedless mutant (green), were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids content in pulp or skin fractions of different grape cultivars were in the range of 47.6–310 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight (fw), and 46.6–733.3 µg catechin equivalent/g fw respectively. The scavenging activities in skin of different grape varieties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (44–58 %), hydrogen peroxide (15.3–18.6 %), and hydroxyl radicals (50–85 %), were higher than pulp of the corresponding cultivars. These scavenging activities of grape extracts were found to be significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with the levels of total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Liver tissues from goat treated with H2O2 (500 μM) showed significantly decreased GSH content by 42.9 % and activities of catalase by 50 % and glutathione reductase by 66.6 %; while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitric oxide level by 2.53- and 0.86-fold, respectively, and activity of glutathione S-transferase by 0.96-fold. Grape skin extracts showed the stronger protective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo, than its pulp of any cultivar; and the Flame seedless (black) cultivar showed the highest potential. In conclusion, our study suggested that the higher antioxidant potential, phytochemical contents and significant scavenging capacities in pulp and skin of grape extracts showed the protective action of grape extracts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo.  相似文献   

2.
Lymphatic filariasis caused mainly by infection fromW. bancrofti andB. malayi remains a major cause of clinical morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries. Analysis ofB. malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of three key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism viz., Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Malic enzyme (ME) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in all the three stages of the parasite. The specific activity of all the three dehydrogenases was significantly high in mf lysate compared to their activity in lysates of the other two stages (P<0.001). Analysis by native polyacrylamide gel to their activity inlysates of the other two stages (P<0.001). Analysis by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) using 7.5% non-gradient gel showed the presence of two isoforms of each of the three enzymes (MDH, ME & G6PDH) in mf lysate, while only one form of each enzyme was present in L3 larval and adult worm lysates. Further proteolytic enzyme activity was demonstrated both in microfilarial and infective larval lysates ofB. malayi. While both mf and L3 larval lysates showed optimal protease activity at alkaline pH of 9.0, the mf lysate showed increased activity also at pH 3.0. The infective larval lysate was markedly inhibited by Tosylamide-L-Phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), a thiol protease inhibitor, while the protease activity in mf lysate was significantly inhibited by both TPCK and a serine protease inhibitor Phenyl Methyl Sulphonyl Flouride (PMSF). In sodium do-decyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), using gelatin copolymerized gel, the microfilarial lysate showed 3 protease molecules of 40 kDa, 180 kDa and 200 kDa and the L3 larval lysate had 6 protease molecules of 18, 25, 37, 49, 70 and 200 kDa size.  相似文献   

3.
The study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and effect of Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. (Poaceae) leaves on the activity of monoamine oxidase and kinetics of enzyme inhibition. Ethanol extract of C. martinii and rat brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase preparation ware used to study the kinetics of enzyme inhibition using double reciprocal Lineweaver–Burk plot. The DPPH was used as a source of free radical to evaluate antioxidant potential. It is observed that, the ethanolic extract of C. martinii inhibits the monoamine oxidase activity with competitive mode of inhibition. The V max (0.01 mM/min) remained constant while, K m varied from 21.00 ± 1.1, 43.33 ± 1.5 and 83.33 ± 1.4 mM for 100–500 μg/ml concentration of C. martinii. The K i values were calculated to be 90.00 ± 0.87, 75.00 ± 0.69, 68.18 ± 0.68 μg for 100–500 μg/ml concentration of C. martini. It also shows a significant DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine) radical scavenging (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.05 mg/ml) and reducing activity (IC50 = 0.70 ± 0.22 mg/ml). The C. martini can be considered as a possible source of MAO inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and other neurological disorders.  相似文献   

4.
Anabasis articulata (Forssk) Moq. (Chenopodiaceae) is an herb, grows in Egypt, and used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, fever, and kidney infections. The protective and therapeutic effects of the ethanol extract of A. articulata aerial parts were evaluated against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis, compared with the standard drug, silymarin. Hepatic hydroxyproline content, serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and fructosamine were measured as liver fibrosis markers. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione content (GSH) were measured as oxidant/antioxidant markers. Parallel histopathological investigations were also performed. Protective and therapeutic administration of A. articulata (100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks), markedly prevented DMN-induced loss in body and liver weights. The extract significantly inhibited the elevation of hepatic hydroxyproline, NO and MDA (P < 0.05), as well as serum fructosamine, and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05) induced by DMN while it restored IL-10 to normal level in both protective and therapeutic groups. Furthermore, A. articulata prevented the depletion in CAT, GR, and GSH levels (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, oral administration of A. articulata extract and silymarin to both protective and therapeutic groups reduced the increase in liver function enzyme activities; alanine and aspartate amintransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase in addition to alkaline phosphatase, and caused significant increase in serum albumin concentration as compared to DMN group. These data corresponded closely with those obtained for the drug silymarin. Histopathological studies confirmed the biochemical data and revealed remarkable improvement in liver architecture. Thus, it could be concluded that, A. articulata extract exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects against DMN-induced liver injury and may act as a useful agent in controlling the progression of hepatic fibrosis through reduction of oxidative stress and improving liver function.  相似文献   

5.
In human tumors, somatic mutation frequently occur in K-ras gene at codon 12, which makes the K-ras protein hyper active leading to uncontrolled signaling for cell division: one of the important hall mark of cancer. In order to correlate mutations in K-ras to cause, response to treatment, disease progression and recurrence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) the following study was undertaken. By using PCR–RFLP method prevalence of codon 12 in K-ras gene was studied in 56 HNSCC patients. High frequency of K-ras mutation was detected in codon 12 (60.71%). The result of this study helps us in understanding the role of K-ras somatic mutations in HNSCC patients and in designing novel treatment protocols for HNSCC patients.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12291-020-00882-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

6.
A seven channel polystyrene (PS) microchip has been constructed using a micromilling machine and a high-temperature assembling. Protein A (PA) has been immobilized by a passive sorption on the microchannel walls. Two bioaffinity assays with human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) as a ligand have been carried out. (i) PA as the receptor and fluorescently labeled hIgG (FITC-hIgG) as the ligand, (ii) PA as the receptor with hIgG as the quantified ligand and fluorescently labeled goat anti-human IgG (FITC-gIgG) as the secondary ligand. One incubation step of the assays took only 5 min instead of hours typical for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applications. Calibration curves of the dependence of a fluorescence signal on the hIgG concentration in a sample have been obtained in one step due to a parallel arrangement of microchannels. A mathematical model of the PA-FITC-hIgG complex formation in the chip has been developed. The values of the kinetic constant of the PA-FITC-hIgG binding (kon=5.5 m3 mol−1 s−1) and the equilibrium dissociation constant of the formed complex (Kd≤3×10−6 mol m−3) have been obtained by fitting to experimental data. The proposed microchip enables fast evaluation of kinetic and equilibrium constants of ligand-receptor bioaffinity pairs and the ligand quantification. As the use of microfluidic chips for immunoassays is often limited by price, we used procedures and chemicals that allow for an inexpensive construction and operation of the microdevice, e.g., temperature assembling as a fabrication technique, detection via an ordinary digital camera, nonspecific polystyrene as a substrate, passive sorption of biomolecules as an immobilization technique, etc.  相似文献   

7.
Knowledge of intrinsic wettability at solid/liquid interfaces at the molecular level perspective is significant in understanding crucial progress in some fields, such as electrochemistry, molecular biology and earth science. It is generally believed that surface wettability is determined by the surface chemical component and surface topography. However, when taking molecular structures and interactions into consideration, many intriguing phenomena would enrich or even redress our understanding of surface wettability. From the perspective of interfacial water molecule structures, here, we discovered that the intrinsic wettability of crystal metal oxide is not only dependent on the chemical components but also critically dependent on the crystal faces. For example, the crystal face of α-Al2O3 is intrinsically hydrophobic with a water contact angle near 90°, while another three crystal faces are intrinsically hydrophilic with water contact angles <65°. Based on surface energy analysis, it is found that the total surface energy, polar component and Lewis base portion of the hydrophobic crystal face are all smaller than the other three hydrophilic crystal faces indicating that they have different surface states. DFT simulation further revealed that the adsorbed interfacial water molecules on each crystal face hold various orientations. Herein, the third crucial factor for surface wettability from the perspective of the molecular level is presented, that is the orientations of adsorbed interfacial water molecules apart from the macro-level chemical component and surface topography. This study may serve as a source of inspiration for improving wetting theoretical models and designing controllable wettability at the molecular/atomic level.  相似文献   

8.
The human epidermal receptor-2/neu (HER-2/neu) oncogene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. This molecule could have a diagnostic value since the extracellular domain of c-erbB-2 (HER-2) transmembrane is shed into the blood as a circulating antigen. The diagnostic value of serum HER-2/neu was calculated along with the conventional marker carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 85th percentiles. Serum levels of breast carcinoma antigens HER-2/neu, CEA and CA15-3 were determined in 175 normal individuals and 268 malignant patients. The soluble form of serum HER-2/neu, CEA and CA15-3 was assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in control and breast cancer patients prior to treatment. Serum levels of the tested tumor markers HER-2/neu and CA15-3 and CEA were significantly higher in cancer patients compared to controls. At 85th percentile the sensitivity of HER-2/neu was 51.12 %; the specificity was 86.29 % and the overall accuracy was 64.56 %. The sensitivity of CA15-3 was 73.13 %; the specificity was 85.14 % and the overall accuracy was 77.88 %. The sensitivity of the combined testing was 82.84 %; the specificity was 73.71 % and the overall accuracy was 80.01 %. The sensitivity and the overall accuracy of combined testing were higher than those of HER-2/neu and CA15-3 testing single. The combined testing of HER-2/neu and CA15-3 can increase the sensitivity and overall accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. The results of this study suggest that the use of multiple tumor markers may be employed as combination and at 85th percentiles to assess the prognosis.  相似文献   

9.
Genome-wide association studies have discovered multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of common diseases. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the replication of previously published SNPs that showed statistical significance for breast cancer in the Malaysian population. In this case–control study, 80 subjects for each group were recruited from various hospitals in Malaysia. A total of 768 SNPs were genotyped and analyzed to distinguish risk and protective alleles. A total of three SNPs were found to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer while six SNPs showed protective effect. All nine were statistically significant SNPs (p ≤ 0.01), five SNPs from previous studies were successfully replicated in our study. Significant modifiable (diet) and non-modifiable (family history of breast cancer in first degree relative) risk factors were also observed. We identified nine SNPs from this study to be either conferring susceptibility or protection to breast cancer which may serve as potential markers in risk prediction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12291-013-0414-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

10.
Helium and methane are major components of giant icy planets and are abundant in the universe. However, helium is the most inert element in the periodic table and methane is one of the most hydrophobic molecules, thus whether they can react with each other is of fundamental importance. Here, our crystal structure searches and first-principles calculations predict that a He3CH4 compound is stable over a wide range of pressures from 55 to 155 GPa and a HeCH4 compound becomes stable around 105 GPa. As nice examples of pure van der Waals crystals, the insertion of helium atoms changes the original packing of pure methane molecules and also largely hinders the polymerization of methane at higher pressures. After analyzing the diffusive properties during the melting of He3CH4 at high pressure and high temperature, in addition to a plastic methane phase, we have discovered an unusual phase which exhibits coexistence of diffusive helium and plastic methane. In addition, the range of the diffusive behavior within the helium-methane phase diagram is found to be much narrower compared to that of previously predicted helium-water compounds. This may be due to the weaker van der Waals interactions between methane molecules compared to those in helium-water compounds, and that the helium-methane compound melts more easily.  相似文献   

11.
3-Ethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazole is synthesized by a one-pot reaction. Using this asymmetric triazole ligand bearing one trifluoromethyl and one ethyl as side groups, we construct two new porous coordination polymers, MAF-9 and MAF-2F, being isostructural with the classic hydrophobic and flexible materials, FMOF-1 and MAF-2, based on symmetric triazole ligands bearing two trifluoromethyl groups or two ethyl groups, respectively. MAF-9 and MAF-2F can adsorb large amounts of organic solvents but completely exclude water, showing superhydrophobicity with water contact angles of 152o in between those of FMOF-1 and MAF-2. MAF-9 exhibits very large N2-induced breathing and colossal positive and negative thermal expansions like FMOF-1, but the lower molecular weight and smaller volume of MAF-9 give 16% and 4% higher gravimetric and volumetric N2 uptakes, respectively. In contrast, MAF-2F is quite rigid and does not show the inversed temperature-dependent N2 adsorption and large guest-induced expansion like MAF-2. Further, despite the higher molecular weight and larger volume, MAF-2F possesses 6% and 25% higher gravimetric and volumetric CO2 uptakes, respectively. These results can be explained by the different pore sizes and side group arrangements in the two classic framework prototypes, which demonstrate the delicate roles of ligand side groups in controlling porosity, surface characteristic and flexibility.  相似文献   

12.
The present study was undertaken to analyze the antioxidant (both enzymic and nonenzymic) activities of leaves of Ocimum sanctum hydroalcoholic extract against cadmium induced damage in albino rats. Oral administration of cadmium as CdCl2 (6.0 mg/kg body weight) led to significant elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and significantly decreased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Vitamin C (Ascorbate) levels. Administration of Ocimum sanctum extract (100 mg/kg body weight, po) and (200 mg/kg body weight, po) before and after cadmium intoxication showed a significant decrease in LPO levels and significant increase in SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH and Ascorbate levels. The results suggest that oral administration of Ocimum sanctum extract provides significant protection against cadmium induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats.  相似文献   

13.
The accurate viscosity measurement of complex fluids is essential for characterizing fluidic behaviors in blood vessels and in microfluidic channels of lab-on-a-chip devices. A microfluidic platform that accurately identifies biophysical properties of blood can be used as a promising tool for the early detections of cardiovascular and microcirculation diseases. In this study, a flow-switching phenomenon depending on hydrodynamic balancing in a microfluidic channel was adopted to conduct viscosity measurement of complex fluids with label-free operation. A microfluidic device for demonstrating this proposed method was designed to have two inlets for supplying the test and reference fluids, two side channels in parallel, and a junction channel connected to the midpoint of the two side channels. According to this proposed method, viscosities of various fluids with different phases (aqueous, oil, and blood) in relation to that of reference fluid were accurately determined by measuring the switching flow-rate ratio between the test and reference fluids, when a reverse flow of the test or reference fluid occurs in the junction channel. An analytical viscosity formula was derived to measure the viscosity of a test fluid in relation to that of the corresponding reference fluid using a discrete circuit model for the microfluidic device. The experimental analysis for evaluating the effects of various parameters on the performance of the proposed method revealed that the fluidic resistance ratio (RJL/RL, fluidic resistance in the junction channel (RJL) to fluidic resistance in the side channel (RL)) strongly affects the measurement accuracy. The microfluidic device with smaller RJL/RL values is helpful to measure accurately the viscosity of the test fluid. The proposed method accurately measured the viscosities of various fluids, including single-phase (Glycerin and plasma) and oil-water phase (oil vs. deionized water) fluids, compared with conventional methods. The proposed method was also successfully applied to measure viscosities of blood with varying hematocrits, chemically fixed RBCS, and channel sizes. Based on these experimental results, the proposed method can be effectively used to measure the viscosities of various fluids easily, without any fluorescent labeling and tedious calibration procedures.  相似文献   

14.
Effects of thyroidectomy (Tx) and subsequent treatment with 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3), and combined treatment (TR) with T3 + thyroxine (T4) on substrate kinetics properties of cytochrome oxidase of rat liver mitochondria were examined. Tx resulted in lowering of cytochromes content with decrease in the enzyme activity, and Km and Vmax. T3 and TR regimens restored the cytochromes contents and the Vmax values to normal. In control, T3 and TR groups the enzyme activity resolved in two kinetic components; in Tx group three kinetic components were evident. The Km values for all components decreased significantly in the experimental groups with concomitant increase in catalytic efficiency, Kcat/Km. Significant alterations in the contents of total phospholipid and of cholesterol were noted while the changes in the phospholipids composition were only of restricted nature. Regression analysis revealed that total phospholipid, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine play significant role in fine tuning the enzyme activity.  相似文献   

15.
Vitamin B12 being water soluble is excreted in the urine when administered in excess. The probability of finding an abnormally excess serum concentration would be almost surreal. We report a peculiar clinical situation that may impact the vitamin B12 immunoassay on the Roche Elecsys 2010 due to excess analyte concentration. In separate episodes (Feb and June 2010), the Biochemistry laboratory of a tertiary-care hospital, Kolkata, India, encountered two critically ill patients with background chronic kidney disease (CKD), low urine output, and on cyanocoabalamin supplementation, who had serum vitamin B12 concentrations far exceeding expected values; even post dialysis. The B12 assays (pmol/l) were performed using electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay on Roche Elecsys 2010, the assay validity confirmed by concomitant quality control runs. The immunoassays failed to deliver results, flagged with “signal level below limit”. Biotin therapy was ruled out as a possible interferent. In the first episode, re-assay of a repeat draw yielded same outcome; outsourcing on Immulite provided concentration of >738 pmol/l. Serial dilution gave result of >29520 pmol/l on Elecsys 2010. In the second, we gained from past experience. Vitamin B12 concentration >59040 pmol/l was conveyed to the treating nephrologist the very day. The B12 immunoassay on the Elecsys 2010 employs sequential incubation steps for competitive binding that is compromised in the event of abnormally excess B12 concentration in patient sera akin to the prozone effect. This knowledge may be beneficial while assaying sera of CKD patients to avoid financial loss due unnecessary repeats and delay in turnaround time.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract (EFE) against alcohol-induced hepatic damage in rats was investigated in the present study. In vitro studies showed that EFE possesses antioxidant as well nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. In vivo administration of alcohol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted increased liver lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, nitrite plus nitrate levels. Alcohol administration also significantly lowers the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione as compared with control rats. Administration of EFE (250 mg/kg body weight) to alcoholic rats significantly brought the plasma enzymes towards near normal level and also significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and restored the enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination in liver. Our data indicate that the tannoid, flavonoid and NO scavenging compounds present in EFE may offer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes of animals with alcohol-induced liver injury.  相似文献   

17.
The antidyslipidemic activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was studied in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In this model, there was significant increase in plasma markers of diabetic-dyslipidemia following diminution of lipid metabolizing enzymes. Oral administration of leaf extract (500 mg/kg b.w.p.o.) for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in diabetogenic and dyslipidemia parameters; namely blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxide, free fatty acids, small dense low density lipoprotein, lipid and protein components of plasma lipoproteins, adipose and liver. The regulation of lipids was accompanied by stimulation of postheparin lipolytic activity, reactivation of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase and hepatic lipoprotein lipase enzymes. The results of the present study demonstrated antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities in leaf extract of O. sanctum which could be used in prevention of diabetic-dyslipidemia and related complications.  相似文献   

18.
We describe a scalable artificial bilayer lipid membrane platform for rapid electrophysiological screening of ion channels and transporters. A passive pumping method is used to flow microliter volumes of ligand solution across a suspended bilayer within a microfluidic chip. Bilayers are stable at flow rates up to ∼0.5 μl/min. Phospholipid bilayers are formed across a photolithographically defined aperture made in a dry film resist within the microfluidic chip. Bilayers are stable for many days and the low shunt capacitance of the thin film support gives low-noise high-quality single ion channel recording. Dose-dependent transient blocking of α-hemolysin with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyethylene glycol is demonstrated and dose-dependent blocking studies of the KcsA potassium channel with tetraethylammonium show the potential for determining IC50 values. The assays are fast (30 min for a complete IC50 curve) and simple and require very small amounts of compounds (100 μg in 15 μl). The technology can be scaled so that multiple bilayers can be addressed, providing a screening platform for ion channels, transporters, and nanopores.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to see the biochemical effects of pesticides on sprayers of grape gardens before and after 15 days of vitamin E supplementations in Western Maharashtra (India), who were occupationally exposed to various pesticides over a long period of time (about 5 to 15 years). Blood samples were collected from all study group subjects for biochemical parameters assays before and after 15 days of vitamin E supplementation. Sprayers of grape gardens were given 400 mg of vitamin E tablet/day for 15 days. After 15 days of vitamin E supplementation to sprayers of grape gardens, we observed significantly decreased aspartate transaminase (10.88 %, P < 0.05, r = 0.88), alanine transaminase (25.92 %, P < 0.01, r = 0.46) and total proteins (3.32 %, P < 0.01, r = 0.33), whereas, no statistically significant change was found in serum acetyl cholinesterase, C-reactive proteins, albumin (ALB), globulins and ALB/globulin ratio as compared to before vitamin E supplementation. Sprayers of grape gardens, who received vitamin E supplementation, showed significantly decreased serum lipid peroxide (LP) (18.75 %, P < 0.001, r = 0.63) and significantly increased RBC-superoxide dismutase (SOD) (12.88 %, P < 0.001, r = 0.85), RBC-Catalase (CAT) (24.49 %, P < 0.001, r = 0.70), plasma ceruloplasmin (CP) (4.6 %, P < 0.01, r = 0.80), serum zinc (4.57 %, P < 0.01, r = 0.83) and serum copper (4.37 %, P < 0.01, r = 0.79) as compared to values before vitamin E supplementation. These results showed that vitamin E supplementation has ameliorating effects on these transaminase enzymes, suggesting that it may have a protective effect on liver, from pesticides induced damage. In this study vitamin E supplementation might have decreased LP levels by breaking chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. Present results indicate that vitamin E plays a crucial role in restoring the antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT and CP, in population exposed to pesticides. This helps to enhance its antioxidant ability. Therefore, it is suggested that farmers, pesticide applicators, workers in the pesticide industry and other pesticide users, who come in regular contact with pesticides, may be benefited by supplementation with vitamin E.  相似文献   

20.
Chemotherapy drugs, used for prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation in certain tissues as well as inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, are important candidates for treatment of cancer. The synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives effective on cancerous cells resistant to other drugs such as Paclitaxel were used due to their ability in induction of apoptosis. The growth inhibitory and inducing apoptosis activities were determined. In order to make it target-oriented, the best compound was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) by aspartic acid with chemical reduction method. Cytotoxicity effect of 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives against the T47D breast cancer cell line was determined by MTT assay. The synthesis of gold NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis and dynamic light scattering. To assess the effects of compounds on the process of apoptosis, staining methods with acridine orange–ethidium bromide and Hoechst staining by fluorescence microscopy and DNA fragmentation by the diphenylamine method were used. The synthesized compounds containing two NH2 groups on benzene rings, demonstrated more cytotoxicity effect. The effect of conjugation with gold NPs and the induction of apoptosis were studied with the best compound. The cytotoxicity effects of the synthesized 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile compounds were changed by replacement of NO2 group on thiol ring with different chemical groups on the benzene ring. Analyses of treated cell lines by conjugated and non-conjugated forms of compounds verified their ability in inducing apoptosis while conjugated form demonstrated higher apoptosis.  相似文献   

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