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1.
This article addresses constructions and redefinitions of teacher professionalism by focusing on the discursive negotiations between the government and the teachers’ union in Norway. Based on an examination of three white papers on teacher education from the past 15?years and policy documents put forth by the Union of Education Norway during the past decade, the authors argue that new constructions of teacher professionalism are produced both by the government and from within the teachers’ union. However, there are differences between the government and the teachers’ union concerning what the main aspects of teacher professionalism are. The government emphasises teacher accountability, research-based practice and specialisation. By contrast, the teachers’ union highlights research-informed practice, responsibility for educational quality and professional ethics. There are three main areas of discursive struggle focused by the teachers’ union: the resistance to accountability policies, the redefining of research-based practice and the lengthening of teacher education. The authors argue that the teachers’ union is adopting an increasingly more active approach, thereby also challenging the idea that the teachers’ union is less interested in developing and taking responsibility for the quality of school education. 相似文献
2.
西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量关系的实证研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文采用教育生产函数方法,对我国西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:教师学历、教师资格、教师职称、教师教龄以及教育项目专家培训对教育质量有显著正影响;代课教师的教育质量显著低于公办教师的教育质量。基于上述结论,本文提出以下政策建议以提高西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量:进一步提高教师的学历水平,严格实施教师资格制度,加强教育项目专家培训的强度,建立代课教师权益保障制度。 相似文献
3.
随着上世纪末我国开放性教师教育政策的实施,教师来源结构多元化成为提高中小学教师队伍质量的重要政策导向。但山东省普通高中教师队伍结构的全员性问卷调查显示,目前山东省普通高中教师来源结构还没有发生实质性变化,仍然是以师范类院校毕业生为主的单一性来源结构,教师队伍中少量非师范类毕业生的学科分布明显不均衡、不合理。造成这一现状的原因主要有:地方和学校对相关政策的目的与价值认识不到位;高水平综合性大学缺乏参与教师教育的内在动力;中小学教师的社会地位和经济地位不高,对高水平人才缺乏吸引力;高中教育以数量和规模扩张为主,不重视教师队伍质量建设;等等。采取有效措施,转变观念,健全制度,增强开放性教师教育政策实施的有效性,当是目前我国教师教育改革的重要内容。 相似文献
4.
Stress and the deputy head 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Julian Haes 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):49-54
In recent years Ministries of Education in Canada have developed provincially mandated teacher evaluation policies to ensure the provision of effective classroom instruction to students and the professional growth and development of teachers through the assessment of their performance in the classroom and the quality of their teaching practice. Based on an in‐depth study of teacher evaluation practices in a school jurisdiction in the province of Alberta, the researcher concludes that the policy falls short in meeting these intended objectives for essentially three reasons: (1) teacher evaluation is an externally imposed bureaucratic mandate rather than a requirement that emerges from the professional culture of the school that requires an ongoing review of practice by administrators and teachers; (2) the teacher evaluation process is conducted as a distinct and separate process by school administrators, with little connection to other school and district policies or professional development activities; and (3) despite the intended purpose of the teacher evaluation policy, how it is interpreted and implemented is greatly influenced by the attitudes, values and beliefs of the evaluator (administrator) with regard to what constitutes effective teaching, and the role and purpose of schooling in the community. The researcher discusses alternative approaches to teacher evaluation that focus more directly on instructional improvement and the professional development of teachers. 相似文献
5.
David Reynolds Daniel Muijs David Treharne 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2003,17(1):83-100
An outline is given of the UK research situation for the knowledge bases of school effectiveness and teacher effectiveness, and the UK policy situation in terms of school and teacher evaluation, improvement and development. It is argued that the UK has seen a much greater use of school-level policies, reflecting its substantial school effectiveness research base, rather than teacher-level interventions, although there are currently some attempts at policy and practice level to focus upon teacher effects, teacher evaluation and related issues of professional development. Speculations are given concerning future policy and research needs. 相似文献
6.
Contextual factors that sustain innovative pedagogical practice using technology: an international study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ronald Owston 《Journal of Educational Change》2007,8(1):61-77
Pedagogical innovation—whether involving technology or not—is shaped by a complex interaction of the innovation with contextual
factors such as school and school district policy, leadership, cultural norms and values, teacher attitudes and skills, and
student characteristics. This study examined school and classroom contexts in which pedagogical innovations employing technology
were successfully sustained. Data were obtained from 59 cases drawn from the Second Information Technology in Education Study—Module
2, a project that examined 174 cases of innovative pedagogical practice in schools in 28 countries. An explanatory model of
sustainability was derived from a qualitative analysis of the cases using grounded theory techniques. Essential conditions
for the sustainability of classroom innovation were teacher and student support of the innovation, teacher perceived value
of the innovation, teacher professional development, and principal approval. Contributing factors for sustainability were
supportive plans and policies, funding, innovation champions, and internal and external recognition and support.
An interactive website that allows for searching of SITES-M2 case reports on various attributes such as sustainability, transferability,
level of school, and evidence of supportive policies and plans is available at http://sitesm2.org. 相似文献
7.
“教学做合一”培养师范生教师职业技能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教师职业技能是师范生必备的基本素质之一,陶行知“教学做合一”的思想是指导师范生开展教师职业技能训练最有效的理论之一。突出“做”,并在实践中围绕教师要做的“三件事”,坚持“教学做合一”促进师范生教师职业技能的养成。 相似文献
8.
Rolf K. Blank 《科学教学研究杂志》1988,25(3):217-224
Many initiatives designed to improve the quality of elementary and secondary teachers have been proposed and implemented at national, state, and local levels. It is unclear whether these initiatives are based on a common definition of teacher quality or adequate knowledge about the conditions that produce quality teaching. This article summarizes the results of a symposium of the National Research Council on the state of research knowledge on teacher quality. Topics for needed research that were identified in the symposium included studies on the effects of state and local policies which set new standards for teachers, studies on the subject-matter knowledge and preparation of teachers, analyses of alternative methods of developing teaching skills, and assessments of the effects of school conditions for teaching on career patterns of teachers. 相似文献
9.
Peter K. Smith Allison Kupferberg Joaquin A. Mora-Merchan Muthanna Samara Sue Bosley Rob Osborn 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2012,28(1):47-70
An analysis was undertaken of 217 English school anti-bullying policies, from 169 primary schools and 48 secondary schools, using a 34-item scoring scheme. Findings were compared with an analysis of 142 schools six years earlier. Overall schools in the current analysis had about 49% of the items in their policies, a modest increase over the previous study. Most included a definition of bullying and statements about improving school climate but many schools did not mention other important aspects, and there was low coverage of cyberbullying, homophobic bullying, bullying based on disabilities, or faith; teacher–pupil bullying; responsibilities beyond those of teaching staff; following up of incidents; and specific preventative measures such as playground work, peer support, inclusiveness issues, and bullying to and from school. Several improvements in policies, significant for 20 out of 34 criteria were noted. Findings are discussed in terms of national policy, and ways to support schools in maximising the potential of their policies for reducing bullying. 相似文献
10.
Maria Assunção Flores Mary Lynne Derrington 《International Journal of Leadership in Education》2017,20(4):416-431
Teacher evaluation accountability policies are emerging worldwide. This study examines principals’ perceptions of teacher evaluation in terms of commonalities and differences arising from two research projects conducted in Portugal and in the US. Perceptions of school principals in regard to a new policy on teacher evaluation as well as its perceived effects at school and conditions for its implementation will be analysed. Findings point to the challenges and successes of coping with mandated accountability measures in two different contexts. Principals balanced perceived conflicting goals, sought maintenance of positive teacher relationships and school culture and managed the tensions of policy implementation and the making sense of its effects at school. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
11.
David B. Reid 《Journal of School Choice》2018,12(2):237-253
Over the past decade U.S. policymakers, practitioners, and researchers have sought to examine if changing teacher evaluation policies and systems have resulted in changes in identifying quality teachers and/or increased student achievement. This research generally shows most states have experienced little change in how teachers are rated. Researchers are now exploring why, in many cases, teacher evaluation reforms have failed to produce the desired systematic changes of better identifying quality teachers and better distinguishing teacher performance. Embedded within this line of inquiry is how principals (and other evaluators) are trained to use new teacher evaluation systems. This comparative case study observed six principals (three charter school principals and three traditional public school principals) in the U.S. state of Michigan as they learned and enacted a new teacher evaluation system. Additionally, all principals were interviewed three times throughout the school year, in an effort to examine how their initial teacher evaluation training impacted their evaluation of teachers. The research questions that guided this work were: (1) how are principals initially trained when their school adopts a new teacher evaluation system?; (2) in what ways does the training received by charter school principals compare to that of traditional public school principals?; and (3) how does initial training impact how principals evaluate teachers? Results indicate principals are trained to navigate the logistics of new teacher evaluation systems, but are not trained to evaluate teacher performance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. 相似文献
12.
教育财政投入是教育事业发展的物质基础，为持续办好“更加公平更高质量”的基础教育事业提供了经费支持。伴随着我国“要办重点中学”和“择校费”等普通高中办学政策的实施，县域与城区普通高中在师资、办学条件与经费投入等方面的异质性特征进一步加剧。基于2009—2020年江苏省内12个市本级与41个县域的面板数据，选取普通高中生均公用经费作为代理指标，采用断点回归模型，围绕普通高中阶段实施的“择校费”政策改革对市县间普通高中教育财政投入差异的影响展开实证分析。实证结果表明，取消“择校费”能够显著缩小市县间普通高中教育财政投入差异，在县中振兴行动计划的推进过程中，可以围绕供需两侧进一步深化有效市场和有为政府相结合理念在教育投入中的应用。 相似文献
13.
How developed countries train, recruit and retain their schoolteachers is an area of considerable interest in education today. In this paper we consider how the US is addressing the issue of teacher quality by holding schools and school districts accountable for ensuring that all teachers of core subjects are ‘highly qualified’ by the end of the 2005–2006 school year. Part of the hugely important No Child Left Behind Act, this ‘highly qualified’ teacher requirement links billions of dollars of Federal funding to ensuring that schools and school districts develop strategies to meet these targets. We consider how successful this policy has been in two case study states: Wisconsin and California. What emerges is a mandate for change which emphasizes teachers' content knowledge over pedagogic skills, which reveals discrepancies in the certification, training and administration of the profession across different states, and which sharply reminds us of the difficulties faced by even the apparently simple policy of requiring high quality teachers by law. 相似文献
14.
北欧国家的教育向以均等、优质为追求目标,然在新公共管理浪潮下,原本远离市场、高度集权、强化集体概念的北欧国家也受到波及。教育改革"政策流行病"渗透并重塑北欧国家的教师教育制度。"大学化"改革将教师教育推向社会的中心,而新公共管理引发的冲突则将北欧教育传统打得支离破碎。在全球化所带来的新的范式中,国家的边界被打破,协调好各种力量成为北欧教师教育所需要应对的新的挑战。 相似文献
15.
This study draws on institutional theory to examine teachers’ and principals’ perceptions of new teacher evaluation policies, factors that influence such perceptions and how such perceptions shape the implementation of the policies in Seoul (Korea) and Michigan (USA). The study featured in-depth interviews of 11 elementary school teachers and 4 principals and analysis of policy documents in both countries. While Korean teachers strongly disagreed with the new teacher evaluation policy in Seoul and implemented it in ways that were not intended by policy makers, the Michigan teachers varied in their perceptions and implementation of the policies. The teachers’ perceptions of the new policies seemed to be influenced by the designs of the policies, their backgrounds and definitions of ‘effective teachers’ and principal leadership. The association between teachers’ perceptions and their implementation of the new policies was quite strong. 相似文献
16.
Sue Thomas 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2011,32(3):371-382
In the context of public debates on teacher quality, both media and education policy texts construct deficit discourses about teachers, discourses that work together to inform public, commonsense understandings of teacher quality. This paper explores the interrelationships between discourses on teachers constructed on television and in policies in the Australian policy context. Critical discourse analysis was employed to trace the links between the discourses on teachers constructed in a television situation comedy and discourses in the policy documents that inform the Australian Government Quality Teacher Programme. The paper demonstrates the interdiscursivity of media and policy discourses on teacher quality by analysing the ways that the television sitcom constructed a particular version of teachers within the quality policy context. The analysis highlights the need for teachers to challenge these deficit discourses. The paper concludes by arguing for a rethinking of teacher professionalism in ways that include active engagement in public debates on education. 相似文献
17.
Ewald Terhart 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(5):486-500
In this article, the contexts, forms and consequences of teacher resistance against school reforms based on quality assurance policies are discussed. The problems are demonstrated by recurring on research devoted to the acceptance and/or resistance of (German) teachers against standards-based accountability policies. These results demonstrate that the majority in the teacher force ignores, misinterprets or misuses the feedback information from standards-based performance tests aiming at a data-driven development of classroom teaching. Only a small part shows an adequate usage of feedback information, especially those schools that already have developed a culture of internal evaluation. In general, the success or failure of educational innovations is difficult to estimate, because it is a matter of interpretation and post hoc reconstruction. 相似文献
18.
Jill Blackmore 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(5):499-515
Parental involvement in schools, generally seen to be a good thing, is now closely linked through policy to the educational achievement of their children. In this Victorian case study, teacher and parent responses to policies advocating parental involvement are examined. It explores the intersections of gender and class in the context of changing home/school relationships characterised by policies and processes of institutionalisation, familialisation and individualisation that are shaping parental involvement. It suggests that the current discursive construction of parent/school relationships around partnerships for student learning fail to recognise the complexity of parent/teacher relations and its gendered nature. Feminist critical policy analysis framed by the sociology of the family inform our understandings of the ways changing discourses and practices currently are informing parental involvement in a culturally and socio‐economically diverse school. 相似文献
19.
通过对农村基础教育的实地调研,认为我国当前已经建立起了农村教育体系,可以保障人们的基本学习权,国家的各项农村基础教育政策基本得到落实,基础教育师资得到全方位加强,但也存在遗留债务、遗留资产、学校调整、教师队伍、工资保障、校园建设、学生流失、留守学生、资教生等问题。本文并对这些问题的解决提出了一些建议。 相似文献
20.
Nirmala Rao Kai-Ming Cheng Kirti Narain 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2003,49(1-2):153-176
This paper considers how state educational policy and other sociocontextual factors influence primary schooling in two large developing countries. In the late 1940s, national statistics for primary school enrolment and other human development indicators were comparable between China and India. Both countries then experienced major political transitions and embraced similar economic development priorities. Half a century later, reports prepared for the 2000 World Education Forum indicate that China had far outperformed India in terms of school enrolment ratios and on indices of the efficiency of primary education. This article considers the reasons for these differences. It discusses the role of the state, educational policy and its implementation, linkages among educational, economic and social policies, cultural belief systems that are relevant to education, classroom teaching and learning, teacher characteristics, and the physical conditions of schools. 相似文献