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1.
This study examined the semantic effect on retrieval of radicals ofJapanese kanji. In the retrieval task, a stimulus word written inhiragana (Japanese syllabary) was presented one by one on a display, andparticipants quickly named the left radical of the target kanjicharacter that corresponded to the stimulus hiragana word. It was foundthat the mean naming latency was shorter and fewer errors were made whenthe left radicals were semantically related to the target kanji thanwhen they were not. Also remarkable was a momentary retrieval failure(i.e., no response) characterized as a `tip-of-the-pen' state which evena high-frequency word precipitated more often in the semanticallyunrelated condition. These results highlight a critical role thatmeaning plays in the activation of orthographic forms of kanji. Somecharacteristic features of writing in kanji are discussed. 相似文献
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The pedagogical and theoretical questions addressed in this study relate to the extent to which native Japanese readers with little or no knowledge of Chinese characters recognize Chinese characters that are viewed as abbreviations of the kanji they already know. Three graphic similarity functions (i.e., an orthographically acceptable similarity, a physical similarity, and an extended physical similarity function) were formulated to predict the Japanese learners’ target kanji production. Results showed that the learners’ performance was poor, with only approximately 30% correct, and that the extended physical similarity function incorporating character frequency and graphic neighbors more accurately accounted for the target production than other functions. Some pedagogical implications and issues for further research are briefly discussed. 相似文献
3.
Flaherty M 《American annals of the deaf》2000,145(3):237-244
Deaf children who are learning to read are essentially learning a second language that may be transcribed in different ways, for example, using an alphabet, such as the Roman one used in written English, or logography, such as Japanese kanji. How do deaf adults from cultures using different writing systems memorize linguistic and visual material? Two experiments were carried out to answer this question. Two predictions were made: first, that Japanese deaf persons would outscore their English-language counterparts in memory for words, due to a possible direct processing from visual to semantic codes with kanji; second, that Japanese deaf persons would outscore their English-language counterparts in memory for abstract designs, due to prolonged use of a highly visual writing system. The first hypothesis was rejected; the second was accepted. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the effects of visual complexity for kanji processing by selecting target kanji from different stroke ranges of visually simple (2–6 strokes), medium (8–12 strokes), and complex (14–20 strokes) kanji with high and low frequencies. A kanji lexical decision task in Experiment 1 and a kanji naming task in Experiment 2 were administered to native Japanese speakers. Results of both experiments showed that visual complexity inhibited the processing of low-frequency kanji, whereas such consistent, inhibitory effects of visual complexity were not observed in the processing of high-frequency kanji. Kanji with medium complexity were processed faster than simple and complex kanji in high frequency. 相似文献
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This study examined age-group differences in eye movements among third-grade, fifth-grade, and adult Japanese readers. In Experiment 1, Japanese children, but not adults, showed a longer fixation time on logographic kanji words than on phonologically transparent hiragana words. Further, an age-group difference was found in the first fixation duration on hiragana words but not on kanji words, suggesting character-type-dependent reading development in Japanese children. Examination of the distributions of saccade landing positions revealed that, like adults, both third and fifth graders fixated more on kanji than on hiragana characters, which suggests that even young children utilize the same oculomotor control strategy (the kanji targeting strategy) as Japanese adults. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the proportion of kanji characters in a text affected adult reading performance. Japanese adults made more refixations and regressions in texts with a high proportion of hiragana characters. The results of both experiments suggest that differences between kanji and kana affect the reading efficiency of school-age children and that maturation of reading skills allows adults to optimize their strategy in reading kanji and kana mixed texts. 相似文献
7.
日本学生在用汉语进行写作的过程中,在语言表达、语篇建构、文化内涵三个层面上存在着一些规律性的偏误,为了防止这些偏误的产生,帮助学生提高汉语写作水平,教师应采取相应的教学对策。 相似文献
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This study examined the extent to which mora deletion (phonological analysis), nonword repetition (phonological memory), rapid
automatized naming (RAN), and visual search abilities predict reading in Japanese kindergartners and first graders. Analogous
abilities have been identified as important predictors of reading skills in alphabetic languages like English. In contrast
to English, which is based on grapheme-phoneme relationships, the primary components of Japanese orthography are two syllabaries—hiragana
and katakana (collectively termed “kana”)—and a system of morphosyllabic symbols (kanji). Three RAN tasks (numbers, objects,
syllabary symbols [hiragana]) were used with kindergartners, with an additional kanji RAN task included for first graders.
Reading measures included accuracy and speed of passage reading for kindergartners and first graders, and reading comprehension
for first graders. In kindergartners, hiragana RAN and number RAN were the only significant predictors of reading accuracy
and speed. In first graders, kanji RAN and hiragana RAN predicted reading speed, whereas accuracy was predicted by mora deletion.
Reading comprehension was predicted by kanji RAN, mora deletion, and nonword repetition. Although number RAN did not contribute
unique variance to any reading measure, it correlated highly with kanji RAN. Implications of these findings for research and
practice are discussed. 相似文献
10.
刘蕴秋 《外语教学理论与实践》2014,2(4):60
本文在语言学研究理论基础上,通过分析日本英语学习者书面语中的典型错误,从数、性、格、人称、时态和词序六个方面重点讨论了由于语法范畴的差异性导致的语言错误,呈现了日本英语学习者在语言学习过程中的中介语发展进程,解释了他们的中介语特征。研究结果为进一步的语言研究提供了语言事实材料,同时也加深了外语教师对语言内部结构的理解,从而探寻有效的外语教学途径。 相似文献
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This study examined the nature and frequency of error in high school native English speaker (L1) and English learner (L2) writing. Four main research questions were addressed: Are there significant differences in students’ error rates in English language arts (ELA) and social studies? Do the most common errors made by students differ in ELA and social studies? Are there significant differences in the error rates between L1 and L2 students in ELA? Do L1 and L2 students differ in how frequently they make the most common errors in ELA? Written work of 10th and 12th grade students in five states was collected. The sample included 178 essays (120 in ELA and 58 in social studies) from 67 students (33 10th graders and 34 12th graders; 49 native English speaking students and 18 English learners). Results indicate that there were significant differences in the frequencies of errors between ELA and social studies, with higher error rates in social studies. In addition, L2 writers had significantly higher error rates than L1 writers in ELA. Aside from a few types of errors (spelling, capitalization, and some punctuation errors), most types of errors appear relatively infrequently in school-sponsored writing. Moreover, the eight most common errors accounted for a little more than half of all errors, and these did not differ significantly between ELA and social studies writing or between L1 and L2 writers. 相似文献
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Astrid Wichmann Alexandra Funk Nikol Rummel 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(1):165-184
The act of revising is an important aspect of academic writing. Although revision is crucial for eliminating writing errors and producing high-quality texts, research on writing expertise shows that novices rarely engage in revision activities. Providing information on writing errors by means of peer feedback has become a popular method in writing instruction. However, despite its popularity, students have difficulties in leveraging the potential of peer feedback: feedback uptake is low and students engage in little revision. Instructional support might help learners to make sense of peer feedback and to reflect on the provided information more deeply. The present study investigated the effect of sense-making support on feedback uptake as well as on revision skills, in particular problem detection and problem correction. In an experimental study, 73 university students were randomly assigned to conditions with or without sense-making support. The results indicate that feedback uptake improved concerning two out of three variables: students in the condition with sense-making support made fewer new errors and rejected more incorrect feedback comments. Students’ revision skills only improved with regard to problem detection. Overall, we were able to show that peer feedback alone might not be sufficient to make successful changes in the text and improve revision skills. Sense-making support proved to be effective to some extent and partially helped to maximize the benefits of peer feedback. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the way in which the activation of semantic representations at the morpheme level affects the processing of two-kanji (morpheme) compound words. Three types of Japanese two-kanji compound words were used as stimulus items: (1) words consisting of two kanji representing opposite concepts (e.g., long + short = length), (2) words consisting of two kanji representing similar concepts (e.g., soft + flexible = pliable), and (3) control words consisting of two closely bound kanji (e.g., wild + field = wilderness). Words consisting of kanji of opposite concepts (M = 768 ms for LD and M = 645 ms for naming) were processed more slowly for lexical decision, but not for naming, than words with kanji of similar concepts (M = 743 ms for LD and M = 636 ms for naming), both of which were, furthermore, processed more slowly for lexical decision and naming than the control compound words (M = 716 ms for LD and M = 590 ms for naming). These results were explained in the framework of the multiple-level interactive-activation model as follows. Because kanji morphemes of opposite and similar concepts are semantically activated both as morpheme units and compound word units, semantic representations of the two morphemes and the compound word which they create compete with each other at the concept level, which slows down lexical decision and naming of the compound word. 相似文献
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汤平 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2014,(4):39-47
本文研究了汉语水平较高的日本学生习得普通话轻声时的韵律偏误,发现日本学生产出的轻声音节存在以下三方面问题：（一）调型方面,基频曲拱偏平,升降幅度不够;基频曲线后半段常有轻微抬升;T3后的轻声音节常常被读为降调。（二）调域方面,四声后的轻声音节都存在调域偏窄问题,其中T1、他后尤其严重。（三）时长方面,不同声调后轻声音节存在不同程度的时长过长问题,尤以T3后为最,甚至超过T3音节。 相似文献
15.
张凡 《韩山师范学院学报》2012,(1):98-103
汉字教学作为语言要素教学之一,是对外汉语教学中不可忽视的重要环节,也是外国学生学习汉语的难点所在。日语《常用汉字表》与我国的对外汉语《大纲》的字表有很大的共性。《常用汉字表》中90％以上的字都被《大纲》收录,而大纲中60％左右的汉字也都被《常用汉字表》所覆盖。在字形方面,日本常用字中的很大一部分和中国现行汉字完全相同,但也存在一些差异。我们对比和分析中日常用汉字,就能够确定日本学生学习汉字时的优势和重难点,并采取具有针对性的教学方法进行教学。 相似文献
16.
Over the decades, efforts have been made to incorporate diverse perspectives on World Englishes into English Language Teaching (ELT) practice and teaching materials. To date, the majority of ELT learners and teachers have not yet been exposed to materials which use and explore non-standard forms of English. This paper examines the attitudes of Japanese learners and teachers of English towards the use of these forms in ELT coursebooks. This study, conducted through questionnaires, surveys, focus groups and interviews, indicates that junior and high school teachers in Japan are open to the possibility of exposing students to different varieties of English. There are also indications that teachers and students share practical concerns about this. 相似文献
17.
利用自建小型语料库,运用语料库分析软件,对独立学院非英语专业高低水平学生写作错误进行初步的调查、统计和对比分析,概括出了此类学习者内部不同水平学习者在写作方面的一些特点,找出高低水平学生的常犯写作错误,分析写作质量与错误类型的相关性,发现最能显著区别写作水平的是句子表达因素,并提出相应的教学建议。 相似文献
18.
袁小溪 《黄石理工学院学报(人文社科版)》2011,(4):52-54
日语是中国高校外语专业常设的第二外语之一。不少日语学习者和教授者夸大汉语汉字对日语学习的正迁移作用,认为有大量汉字的日语容易学习,从而忽视日语中汉字的学习,导致一些常见的错误。文章以此为切入点,强调中、日语中的汉字在音、形、义等方面的差异,以期引起二外日语教学的重视。 相似文献
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陈莉莉 《海南广播电视大学学报》2013,(1):89-92
对于第二语言学习者来说,错误是学习过程中不可避免的因素。通过收集海南大学旅游学院2011级旅游管理专业应用日语方向学生10篇作文,采用纵向研究方法,对错误进行归纳、总结,分析其产生原因,认为日语教学中应强化练习,发挥学生主观能动性,让学生进行有效模仿等。 相似文献