共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
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干细胞技术
干细胞是机体内一类具有分化成为其他各种类型细胞的能力的一类多潜能细胞。干细胞具有自我更新和多潜能分化两种重要的能力。根据干细胞的来源不同,可以分为胚胎干细胞与成体干细胞。而根据干细胞分化潜能的不同,可以分为全能性干细胞与多能性干细胞。胚胎干细胞来源于早期胚胎发育的囊胚,囊胚内部细胞团经过机械分离、体外培养与扩增,具有自我更新与发育成为机体各个组织的能力。胚胎干细胞具有重要的医学与生物学价值,可以应用于临床治疗某些疾病。造血干细胞和神经干细胞等在临床治疗中已经发挥了重要的作用, 相似文献
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<正> 最新发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇文章称,英国科学家首次成功地将小鼠心脏中的一种具有干细胞特性的细胞——祖细胞转换成心肌,从而证明了成体心脏中存在可重新激活的休眠性修复细胞,经刺激后能够生成心肌,修复受损心脏。祖细胞又称前体细胞,它居于干细胞和成体细胞之间。与能分化成各种类型细胞的干细胞不同,祖细胞的分化方向已比较确 相似文献
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诱导多能干细胞因其具有类似胚胎干细胞的自我更新和分化潜能而成为生物学和医学等领域的研究热点之一。本文针对诱导多能干细胞的国内外专利文献进行检索、收集、统计及分析,综述了诱导多能干细胞的专利申请量、申请人分布及国别分布的特点,分析了诱导多能干细胞的诱导分化心肌细胞的主要专利技术路线,及诱导多能干细胞在临床上的应用,以期为今后的诱导多能干细胞领域的研究提供参考意见。 相似文献
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神经干细胞 ( neural stem cells,NSCs)是中枢神经系统中保持分裂和分化潜能的细胞 ,目前对神经干细胞的研究主要集中于神经干细胞在脑中的起源 ,分布 ,对它的分化诱导研究及在治疗神经系统疾病中的应用等方面。并且 ,神经干细胞在神经损伤修复中具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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阐述了干细胞研究现状、发展趋势和应用前景 ,对如何推进我国干细胞工程学的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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This paper reports a two-layered polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic device—Flip channel, capable of forming uniform-sized embryoid bodies (EBs) and performing stem cell differentiation within the same device after flipping the microfluidic channel. The size of EBs can be well controlled by designing the device geometries, and EBs with multiple sizes can be formed within a single device to study EB size-dependent stem cell differentiation. During operation of the device, cells are positioned in the designed positions. As a result, observation and monitoring specific population of cells can be achieved for further analysis. In addition, after flipping the microfluidic channel, stem cell differentiation from the EBs can be performed on an unconfined flat surface that is desired for various differentiation processes. In the experiments, murine embryonic stem cells (ES-D3) are cultured and formed EBs inside the developed device. The size of EBs is well controlled inside the device, and the neural differentiation is performed on the formed EBs after flipping the channel. The EB size-dependent stem cell differentiation is studied using the device to demonstrate its functions. The device provides a useful tool to study stem cell differentiation without complicated device fabrication and tedious cell handling under better-controlled microenvironments. 相似文献
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Microfluidic techniques have been recently developed for cell-based assays. In microfluidic systems, the objective is for these microenvironments to mimic in vivo surroundings. With advantageous characteristics such as optical transparency and the capability for automating protocols, different types of cells can be cultured, screened, and monitored in real time to systematically investigate their morphology and functions under well-controlled microenvironments in response to various stimuli. Recently, the study of stem cells using microfluidic platforms has attracted considerable interest. Even though stem cells have been studied extensively using bench-top systems, an understanding of their behavior in in vivo-like microenvironments which stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation is still lacking. In this paper, recent cell studies using microfluidic systems are first introduced. The various miniature systems for cell culture, sorting and isolation, and stimulation are then systematically reviewed. The main focus of this review is on papers published in recent years studying stem cells by using microfluidic technology. This review aims to provide experts in microfluidics an overview of various microfluidic systems for stem cell research. 相似文献
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Melinda G. Simon Ying Li Janahan Arulmoli Lisa P. McDonnell Adnan Akil Jamison L. Nourse Abraham P. Lee Lisa A. Flanagan 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(6)
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has proven an invaluable tool for the enrichment of populations of stem and progenitor cells owing to its ability to sort cells in a label-free manner and its biological safety. However, DEP separation devices have suffered from a low throughput preventing researchers from undertaking studies requiring large numbers of cells, such as needed for cell transplantation. We developed a microfluidic device designed for the enrichment of stem and progenitor cell populations that sorts cells at a rate of 150,000 cells/h, corresponding to an improvement in the throughput achieved with our previous device designs by over an order of magnitude. This advancement, coupled with data showing the DEP-sorted cells retain their enrichment and differentiation capacity when expanded in culture for periods of up to 2 weeks, provides sufficient throughput and cell numbers to enable a wider variety of experiments with enriched stem and progenitor cell populations. Furthermore, the sorting devices presented here provide ease of setup and operation, a simple fabrication process, and a low associated cost to use that makes them more amenable for use in common biological research laboratories. To our knowledge, this work represents the first to enrich stem cells and expand them in culture to generate transplantation-scale numbers of differentiation-competent cells using DEP. 相似文献
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Francesco Piraino ?eila Selimovi? Marco Adamo Alessandro Pero Sam Manoucheri Sang Bok Kim Danilo Demarchi Ali Khademhosseini 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(4)
The application of microfluidic technologies to stem cell research is of great interest to biologists and bioengineers. This is chiefly due to the intricate ability to control the cellular environment, the reduction of reagent volume, experimentation time and cost, and the high-throughput screening capabilities of microscale devices. Despite this importance, a simple-to-use microfluidic platform for studying the effects of growth factors on stem cell differentiation has not yet emerged. With this consideration, we have designed and characterized a microfluidic device that is easy to fabricate and operate, yet contains several functional elements. Our device is a simple polyester-based microfluidic chip capable of simultaneously screening multiple independent stem cell culture conditions. Generated by laser ablation and stacking of multiple layers of polyester film, this device integrates a 10 × 10 microwell array for cell culture with a continuous perfusion system and a non-linear concentration gradient generator. We performed numerical calculations to predict the gradient formation and calculate the shear stress acting on the cells inside the device. The device operation was validated by culturing murine embryonic stem cells inside the microwells for 5 days. Furthermore, we showed the ability to maintain the pluripotency of stem cell aggregates in response to concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor ranging from 0 to ∼1000 U/ml. Given its simplicity, fast manufacturing method, scalability, and the cell-compatible nature of the device, it may be a useful platform for long-term stem cell culture and studies. 相似文献
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干细胞研究涉及伦理问题,在将相关研究成果转化为临床应用的过程中,还会使患者面临一系列的风险。为规范干细胞研究和应用,世界各国的相应机构推出了一系列的伦理审查规范和监管法规,对相关行为进行严格的控制,从而在不影响干细胞研究和应用发展的前提下,最大限度地保护各方权益。本文旨在为规范和完善我国干细胞研究和临床应用的伦理审查和监管体系提供参考。在对主要国家的干细胞的伦理审查和监管情况进行调研的基础上,重点选取美国和英国的干细胞监管体系进行深入剖析,总结这两个国家在干细胞监管体系中的做法,并对我国干细胞研究和应用的监管情况进行分析,针对存在的问题提出建议。 相似文献
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This study reports an integrated microfluidic system capable of isolation, counting, and sorting of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from cord blood in an automatic format by utilizing a magnetic-bead-based immunoassay. Three functional modules, including cell isolation, cell counting, and cell sorting modules are integrated on a single chip by using microfluidic technology. The cell isolation module is comprised of a four-membrane-type micromixer for binding of target stem cells and magnetic beads, two pneumatic micropumps for sample transport, and an S-shaped channel for isolation of HSCs using a permanent magnet underneath. The counting and sorting of HSCs are performed by utilizing the cell counting and sorting modules. Experimental results show that a separation efficiency as high as 88% for HSCs from cord blood is achieved within 40 min for a sample volume of 100 μl. Therefore, the development of this integrated microfluidic system may be promising for various applications such as stem cell research and cell therapy. 相似文献
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生物技术的迅速发展给专利法律制度带来新的挑战,人胚胎干细胞研究有巨大的治疗价值,但对其研究成果能否获得专利保护存在伦理道德和公共利益方面的争议。目前世界上不同国家和地区对人胚胎干细胞研究采取了不同的法律政策,就我国而言,采取严格排除专利授予原则,不利于科学研究的发展和社会公共健康利益,因而应适当放宽人胚胎干细胞相关发明的专利授予条件。 相似文献