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传统的手枪速射训练通常采用从慢到快的递进式训练方法。经传统方法训练的手枪速射少年组运动员刚升为青年组时,需要从之前只打5发／8s、5发／6s增加打5发/4s,此时往往会产生畏难心态,使运动成绩徘徊不前。鉴此,提出了手枪速射初学者“练快打慢”的一种新训练方法。并将初学射手分为2组做了对比性训练,一组以传统的训练方法训练,另一组以“练快打慢”训练方法训练,结果袁明：“练快打慢”方法训练的队员,成绩明显优于以传统方法训练的队员。通过对比验证。“练快打慢”的训练方法可缩短提高成绩的时间。 相似文献
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为提高手枪速射运动员在快速的射击中能使动作达到稳定,控制自如,平稳进瞄和扣压果断。用长弹标准枪进行8s、6s、4s的实弹训练效果好。通过多年对运动员采用长弹标准枪进行8s、6s、4s的实弹训练的实验,取得了比较理想的效果。长弹训练法作为速射训练的辅助训练,有利于射手技术技巧停滞不前的调整;有利于射手整体静力控制和稳定保持能力与专项基础素质的提高,为枪支稳定性奠定基础;有利于射手正确动作概念的重建和巩固,能提高成功率,减少远弹和失误。 相似文献
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1 问题的提出
男子标准手枪速射是奥运会比赛项口。系射手使用标准手枪在25米距离外按规定的时间对一组五个靶进行发射．射击时间分别是8秒五发共20发．6秒五发共20发．4秒五发共20发。手枪速射项目由持枪垂直（由下往上）进瞄区击发动作加转体水平进瞄区击发动作组成,一次发射五发。命中成绩的离低取决于动作的熟练程度和稳定性。 相似文献
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通过对男子手枪速射项目动作结构的剖析,结合速射运动员在瞄扣击发过程中的心理变化因素分析,发现提高速射运动员转体动作的准确性和平衡性,重视8s、6s的基础训练是提高速射项目成绩的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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手枪精度射击时，在击发瞬间，射手普遍出现“挺腕”的错误动作，本文试从力学角度对右手虎口端向前施加推力和右手食指向后斜下猛扣扳机两种错误用力动作进行分析，并据此提出了“真假弹”对比法和施加心理诱导因素的2种对策，以期为提高手枪精度射击技能提供参考。 相似文献
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在射击比赛项目中出现了新项目小口径手枪—10,即标准手枪20 20 20。1968年,布达佩斯传统性友军射击比赛中,首次列入这个比赛项目。根据捷克的建议,于1969年列入全苏统一等级标准和国际比赛项目。当年在捷克布拉格举行的欧洲射击锦标赛中,捷克射手法尔塔获得该项冠军。次年在美国举行的世界锦标赛中,苏联射手苏列伊曼诺夫夺得该项第一个世界冠军。现在小口径手枪—10(环靶速射)已列为志愿体协和全苏锦标赛的项目。并列为苏军锦标赛和各军区锦标赛的项目。如何完成《标准手枪20 20 20》项目呢?即使用小口径手枪在25米距离对4 相似文献
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本文探讨中国手枪速射运动员身体稳定性与环值的相关性.采用专家访谈法、测试法、个案分析法等,通过比利时Footscan平板式压力测量系统测量速射运动员射击时重心晃动距离、晃动面积、射击环值等指标,并针对力学分析结果进行个案训练.研究发现:第一,技术动作方面,中国速射运动员在注重完整动作流畅基础上,要重视第一靶动作和节奏控... 相似文献
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一、射击项目的技术特点射击项目是一项技能性很强的竞技体育项目。稳固的据枪、正确一致的瞄准、均匀正直的扣扳机以及三者有机的结合,是精确射击的基本技术要求。根据射击项目属于技能类表现准确性项群这一理论,射击项目的特点要求运动员在瞄与扣的过程中协调配合自然,稳定的时候能够自然扣响,扣的时候不破坏据枪的稳定状态,达到一种在稳定区域内自然响的境界。项目的特点又要求射手技术动作高度一致,达到一种流畅的规范化状态。不同枪种射击比赛一般每个项目要打40或60发,每枪打10环,就要求射手在重复每一发的动作时扣扳机的动作规范一致… 相似文献
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Visual behaviour of pistol shooters of various levels of experience was studied using a video-oculometric technique to record the direction of gaze. A spatio-temporal analysis of the fixation patterns of subjects (five international pistol shooters and five international pentathletes) found that patterns were related to the level of skill. The pentathletes, whose level was lower, positioned their gaze on the weapon sight and visually followed the movement of the weapon towards the target. The pistol shooters appeared to use negative feedback in bringing up their weapons, so reducing the angle formed by the weapon, target and gaze. They fixed their gaze directly on the target or between the target and the weapon. Observations showed a prolonged time of attack (means = 1.107 s vs 0.558 s; P less than 0.001) and a shorter stabilization time (means = 0.714 s vs 1.216 s; P less than 0.001) for the most expert shooters. The psycho-physiological mechanisms which were the basis of these patterns and the reasons why shooters chose them are discussed. 相似文献
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Clare Dadswell Carl Payton Paul Holmes Adrian Burden 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1044-1050
The combined event is a crucial aspect of the modern pentathlon competition, but little is known about how shooting performance changes through the event. This study aimed to identify (i) how performance-related variables changed within each shooting series and (ii) how performance-related variables changed between each shooting series. Seventeen modern pentathletes completed combined event trials. An optoelectronic shooting system recorded score and pistol movement, and force platforms recorded centre of pressure movement 1 s prior to every shot. Heart rate and blood lactate values were recorded throughout the event. Whilst heart rate and blood lactate significantly increased between series (P < 0.05), there were no accompanying changes in the time period that participants spent aiming at the target, shot score, pistol movement or centre of pressure movement (P > 0.05). Thus, combined event shooting performance following each running phase appears similar to shooting performance following only 20 m of running. This finding has potential implications for the way in which modern pentathletes train for combined event shooting, and highlights the need for modern pentathletes to establish new methods with which to enhance shooting accuracy. 相似文献
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通过录像观察法、实验测试法,利用德国Isomed 2000等速力量测试系统对男子速射和男子慢射运动员右侧肩关节、肘关节、腕关节依次进行角速度为60°/s等速向心肌肉力量测试,选取屈肌肌群、伸肌肌群的相对峰力矩和相对峰值功率为指标,对手枪男子速射和慢射项目运动员的上肢肌肉力量进行了研究,比较分析了男子速射和男子慢射肩、肘、腕关节屈伸肌群的肌力特征。发现肘关节伸肌肌群、腕关节屈肌肌群分别为速射和慢射影响最大的关节肌群。 相似文献
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通过脑电相干性分析,探讨运动员射击中击发和收枪两种不同运动表现时各脑区间的沟通差异。采用64导脑电测试系统记录12名女子气手枪运动员击发与收枪时的脑电,将两种不同表现击发前的脑电分为4个时间段（每段1 000 ms）,分别计算低-alpha频段（8~10 Hz）、高-alpha频段（11~13 Hz）、低-beta频段（14~22 Hz ）中前额区（Fz）与其他脑区间(额区、中央区、顶区、枕区和颞区)的相干性。结果发现,在低-alpha频段,与收枪时相比,运动员击发时大脑信息沟通较少,表明击发时运动员只需要较低的皮层唤醒和注意努力。左脑脑波相干性显著低于右脑,表明大脑半球不同功能体现在了运动员射击过程中,运动员射击时右半球交流多,注意力转移以视觉空间为主。不同表现过程中不同时间点显示了不同高低的脑波相干性,故推断稳定的大脑皮质活动与较好的运动表现有关。 相似文献
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Clare Elizabeth Dadswell Carl Payton Paul Holmes Adrian Burden 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1294-1301
Abstract Despite the importance of the Combined Event to the modern pentathlon competition, little is known about performance in the event. This study aimed to (i) identify the key variables affecting Combined Event shooting performance, and the extent to which these corresponded with those identified for precision shooting and (ii) investigate the impact of changing shooting format, and whether more successful precision shooters were also more successful in the Combined Event. Seven modern pentathletes and three pistol shooters completed precision and Combined Event trials. An opto-electronic shooting system recorded score and pistol movements, whilst force platforms recorded centre of pressure movements 1 s prior to every shot. Intra-individual analysis revealed that the extent of associations between variables was participant-specific, highlighting the need for individual analysis of performance. No participants displayed matching associations between variables for precision and Combined Event shooting, emphasising the difference between performances in the two events. Both groups experienced significantly reduced scores, and increased pistol and body movements for Combined Event shooting (P < 0.05). Despite the pistol shooters’ greater precision shooting ability, no significant differences were evident between the groups’ Combined Event performances (P > 0.05). This implies that experience in one event does not guarantee success in the other, indicating the importance of event specific training. 相似文献
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Wen-Tzu Tang Wen-Yu Zhang Chien-Chun Huang Ming-Shing Young 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1579-1587
Abstract A postural tremor appears whenever someone attempts to maintain a steady position against gravity. We examined the postural tremor that occurred while air pistol shooters were taking aim so as to compare the coordinative control of the shooters and to identify the features critical to successful shooting. Ten elite and ten pre-elite athletes participated in pistol shooting at 10 m, and the postural tremors in the pistol and upper limb were recorded with lightweight accelerometers. Exploratory analysis showed that the elite shooters had smaller tremor amplitudes than the pre-elite shooters in the pistol and distal arm segments. Compared with the pre-elite shooters, the elite shooters had a smaller tremor amplitude in the lateral direction relative to that in the vertical direction, together with weaker tremor coupling in the lateral direction and stronger vertical coupling of the pistol–hand complex. The resulting shot performance was inversely related to the amplitude of the tremor and to the 8–12 Hz spectral peak of the lateral tremor in the pistol–hand complex. We conclude that the postural tremors of air pistol shooters are associated with the skill of the shooters, and that the elite shooters could optimize the control of the pistol–hand complex, which strongly determined success in shooting. 相似文献
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通过分析项目特征,认为女子运动员专项力量素质不能满足比赛的需要,提出有针对性的专项力量训练手段,通过科训强化训练,结果显示持枪稳定性、比赛成绩明显提高。 相似文献
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A postural tremor appears whenever someone attempts to maintain a steady position against gravity. We examined the postural tremor that occurred while air pistol shooters were taking aim so as to compare the coordinative control of the shooters and to identify the features critical to successful shooting. Ten elite and ten pre-elite athletes participated in pistol shooting at 10 m, and the postural tremors in the pistol and upper limb were recorded with lightweight accelerometers. Exploratory analysis showed that the elite shooters had smaller tremor amplitudes than the pre-elite shooters in the pistol and distal arm segments. Compared with the pre-elite shooters, the elite shooters had a smaller tremor amplitude in the lateral direction relative to that in the vertical direction, together with weaker tremor coupling in the lateral direction and stronger vertical coupling of the pistol-hand complex. The resulting shot performance was inversely related to the amplitude of the tremor and to the 8-12 Hz spectral peak of the lateral tremor in the pistol-hand complex. We conclude that the postural tremors of air pistol shooters are associated with the skill of the shooters, and that the elite shooters could optimize the control of the pistol-hand complex, which strongly determined success in shooting. 相似文献
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The study investigated the coordination and variability of posture and pistol motion for skilled pistol shooters and novices in a pistol-aiming task. The participants stood on a force platform and held a pistol with the preferred arm to aim for accuracy to a target on 30 s trials. The results revealed that the amount of the centre of pressure (COP) and pistol motion was lower for the expert than novice group. The time–varying structure of COP as indexed by multiscale entropy (MSE) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was also lower for the expert than the novice group. The relative phase between the COP in the anterior–posterior (AP) and pistol in the AP and between the COP in the medial–lateral (ML) and pistol in AP was close to inphase for the both groups. However, for the novice group the coordination patterns of posture and pistol motion were more variable with the pistol motion leading the posture motion while it was lagging in the skilled group. The findings show different qualitative and quantitative dynamics in pistol-aiming as a function of skill level with postural control foundational to supporting the reduced dispersion and complexity of the skilled arm-pistol motion. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to determine whether changing stance width would result in a corresponding change in postural and/or pistol stability. Twelve national-standard male air pistol shooters performed 10 shots each at five stance widths (30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, and 90 cm). Postural stability was determined by measuring centre-of-pressure changes with a dual force-platform system. Shooting mechanics measures were determined by a NOPTEL ST-2000 optoelectronic training system. Medial-lateral centre-of-pressure excursion (F?,?? = 7.17, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.99) and speed (F?,?? = 77.03, P < 0.001, effect size = 3.88) were reduced as stance width decreased. Centre of gravity fine (the percentage of time held within an area the size of the ten-ring) improved during narrower stance widths (F?,?? = 12.49, P < 0.001, effect size = 0.71). Our findings suggest that stance width affects postural and pistol stability in national-standard air pistol athletes. Moreover, the current method of suggesting a wider stance to improve shooting performance should be reconsidered and perhaps air-pistol shooters should use a 30-cm stance width to improve postural stability and shooting performance. 相似文献