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1.
教育券制度在当今西方国家重构基础教育改革中得到广泛实施,这一趋势也影响到我国.文章结合我国浙江长兴县和湖北监利县实施教育券的相关实践,分析了教育券制度在提升学校教学质量,保证学生受教育权利的实现,使各类教育协调发展所具有的优势,也探讨了该项制度在推广和实施中所面临的诸多值得审慎对待的问题,以期对教育券制度在我国的发展与完善有所启示. 相似文献
2.
王增伟 《中国职业技术教育》2008,(11):47-48
教育券制度在西方国家基础教育改革中得到广泛实施,这一趋势也影响到我国。本文结合我国浙江长兴县和湖北监利县实施教育券的相关实践,分析了教育券制度在提升学校教学质量,保证学生受教育权利的实现,使各类教育协调发展所具有的优势,也探讨了该项制度在推广和实施中所面临的诸多值得审慎对待的问题。 相似文献
3.
对浙江长兴县“教育券”制度的调研报告 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于实地调查,本文分析了浙江长兴县“教育券”制度的特点、“教育券”制度对当地教育的影响,认为:长兴县的“教育券”是对特定学校的一种价格补贴,“教育券”制度从本质上不同于美国的“学券”制度;“教育券”并非是引起当地教育发生变化的唯一因素;“教育券”的价格补贴作用和政府导向作用均对当地家庭的教育决策行为有影响。 相似文献
4.
从当前教育投资现状看教育券实施的意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
庞小燕 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2007,11(5):19-21
教育券制度是政府将用于教育的公共经费以学券的形式直接发给家长(学生),而不是划拨给学校,家长(学生)可以用学券来支付所选学校的学费和相关教育费用的一种支付方法。教育投资一般由国家、个人和民间三部分的投入组成。当前,我国教育投资现状是:国家投入严重短缺,社会办学力量不足,个人需求难以满足,优质教育资源匮乏。从长兴经验可以看出,教育券制度的实施对解决以上问题具有深远的意义和影响。 相似文献
5.
本文通过对教育券的历史及国内外的具体实践的分析,认为教育券制度的实施有利于改善农村基础教育设施,保障弱势群体的受教育权,促进教育公平,促进私立学校的发展,形成我国学校多样化发展格局,以及提升我国公共教育体系的竞争力等。同时,结合我国国情分析了实行教育券制度可能会遇到的问题。认为教育券制度为我国的教育改革提供了一种有价值的参考。 相似文献
6.
“教育券”制度在我国是件新鲜事物,从部分地区实施“教育券”制度看,教育选择权的转变、学校竞争机制的激化、教育投资模式的改革,教育投资制度的借鉴,都将产生重大影响,带来新的机遇与挑战。 相似文献
7.
教育发展离不开改革,改革离不开制度的创新,只有不断地改革、创新,才能为教育的发展注入源动力。引入教育券制度,就是将竞争从学校外部引进教育领域,必将给教育的发展带来新的生机和活力。本文对此问题,依据经济学、教育学原理,对区域性义务教育阶段教育券制度,结合中国教育的实际情况,从其内涵的揭示入手,归纳出实施教育券制度的基本原则,提出了实施教育券制度的三大基本条件,指出了实施教育券制度应注意的几个问题,旨在为构建具有中国特色的区域性义务教育阶段教育券制度鸣锣开道。 相似文献
8.
在实践中倍受争议的弗里德曼竞争型教育券制度在理论上本身就存在严重缺陷:教育券面值的确定、教育投资剩余的处理以及学校竞争的起点公平问题等都存在悖论;由于教育的外部性与质量考核问题、学校资产与学生的关系专用性程度和教育交易频率等原因,学生并不能有效地“用脚投票”、学校也不能完全竞争.诸多因素决定了弗里德曼竞争型教育券制度不具可行性.为此,必须理性对待教育券实践,而治理公立学校教育问题也必须另寻良策. 相似文献
9.
为改变民办教育和职业教育弱势地位，在公办学校和民办学校、普高和职高之间创设相时公平的竞争环境。促进全县教育的均衡发展。2001年秋季，浙江省长兴县率先进行了教育券制度的尝试，对就读民办学校和职业学校的学生一次性发放面额500元和300元的教育券。今年谊县为进一步拓展教育券的功能，又将教育券功能扩展到扶持贫困学生上，确定了自2002年秋季起，小学阶段的贫困生每学期可获得200元的教育券，初中阶段的贫困生每学期可获得300元的教育券。长兴教育券制度试行一年来，显著的成效引起各方强烈关注。本刊记者日前也亲赴长兴了解教育券制度实施的始末。 相似文献
10.
教育券（school voucher）又称教育凭证或学券，是在教育领域中试行的一种代币券，就是用市场概念中的有价证券的形式来抵充学生的最低生均学杂费，学生或家长凭券可以自由的选择学校。一方面发挥了政府的宏观调控作用，另一方面又体现了政府向一些家庭提供某种特殊的、购买教育服务的权利。目前在美国已有2个城市和一个州正式实施了教育券制度。2001年秋，浙江省长兴县率先在国内实施了教育券制度，之后，湖北省监利县也实施了教育券制度。 相似文献
11.
美国经济学家米尔顿.弗里德曼首次提出了教育券理论。其后詹克斯对教育券理论进行了完善,他主张教育券应帮助低收入家庭学生克服困难、完成学业。而1990年的"密尔沃基家长择校计划"则是美国民众将教育券理论运用到教育实际的率先实践。美国教育券理论研究的成果和实践经验,可为我国义务教育的均衡发展提供借鉴。深入挖掘教育券理论的价值,探讨我国流动儿童进入城市公立学校、享有平等义务教育权的可行性,以及用教育券资助西部地区、贫困农村寄宿制中小学学生生活费的操作策略,对促进我国义务教育的均衡发展具有重大的现实意义。 相似文献
12.
Beatrice Schindler Rangvid 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(4):331-354
The voucher system in Denmark combines unrestricted generous subsidies with substantial autonomy of private schools as to schedule and teaching methods. This has produced a private school sector with a wide variety of school types. This paper uses data on eight cohorts of students (over 510,000 individuals) to compare educational attainment in public and private voucher schools, including religious schools (Catholic and Protestant) and various types of non‐religious schools. The findings suggest that, after controlling for individual and peer characteristics, the average public student would attain moderately higher levels of education if he/she attended grammar or Catholic school, relative to the public alternative. Attainment of students at Protestant, international and German minority schools is not different from public schools. However, attending free, boarding and, particularly, little and Waldorf schools is associated with substantially lower completion rates at the upper secondary level, which is probably at least partly due to the clustering of special education students in these school types, which cannot be controlled for. At the tertiary level, differences between private and public schools generally vanish. 相似文献
13.
Advocates argue that vouchers can make improved educational opportunity available to disadvantaged students. Critics contend that vouchers increase the risk of stratification. Researchers have found that Chile's voucher program has lead to increased socioeconomic school segregation. What has been overlooked, however, is segregation between schools within a sector and variation within private for-profit and non-profit school sectors. I find that public schools are more likely to serve disadvantaged students than private voucher schools. I also find that disadvantaged students are more segregated among private voucher schools than among public schools. While between and within sector segregation levels vary across private voucher school types, the differences are not always consistent with theory. The data also suggest that policies can either mitigate or exacerbate the stratifying effects of educational vouchers. 相似文献
14.
This research explores the school funding system in post-Soviet Georgia. The research aimed to answer the following research questions:(1) Does the voucher system promote cost effectiveness, and does increased funding improve the academic achievements of schools?(2) To what extent does the school voucher funding system promote freedom of school choice?(3) How effective is the school funding system in promoting the privatization of general education?(3) The content analysis research method was used in the study. The study revealed important problems in the general education funding system of post-Soviet Georgia in terms of cost effectiveness, school choice, and the development of the private school sector. The authors argue that the absence of linkages between funding and educational reform is the main challenge facing the education system. The introduction of a differentiated, need-based, top-up funding model for private schools could improve opportunities for school choice and promote the establishment of free schools. 相似文献
15.
Since school voucher funds are public, policymakers fiercely debate how those funds should be spent. A goal of many decision-makers is to ensure that every private school option is “high-quality” through program accountability regulations. Private schools, however, decide whether to participate in a private school choice program and likely factor the amount of state regulations into that decision. This paper estimates the program participation decisions of the private schools in D.C., Indiana, and Louisiana. We specifically examine the impacts of voucher regulations on the supply-side of voucher programs. We employ a linear probability model to examine how school quality, as measured by revenue, tuition, enrollment, and Great School Review scores, is associated with program participation for schools. Results indicate that higher tuition-levels and larger cohort enrollments, conditions normally associated with high quality schools, identify schools that are less likely to participate in voucher programs. We also find a consistent negative relationship between Great Schools Review score and the school participation decision in all three locations; however, these coefficients are not statistically significant. State fixed effects reveal that private schools in D.C. and Louisiana, the two states that have higher regulatory burdens, are less likely to participate in voucher programs. 相似文献
16.
We examine whether voucher programme regulation reduces private school specialisation in the US. We employ school-and-year fixed-effects regression and examine individual private schools in Washington, DC, Indiana, and Louisiana as they transition into voucher programme environments. We leverage the Private School Universe Survey to observe how schools self-identify before and after switching into voucher environments. We find that upon switching into school voucher environments, private schools in all 3 locations are more likely to identify as less specialised than they were prior to entering the programmes. We find suggestive evidence that the homogenising effects may be stronger in more heavily regulated voucher programme environments, and that those schools in more lightly regulated environments are more likely to continue highlighting their specialised approach to education. These findings are examined within an institutional theory framework to understand the potential homogenising effect of regulations on the diversity of the private school market. 相似文献
17.
马艳乐 《成都教育学院学报》2011,(5):35-37,63
美国将市场经济体系引用到＂教育券＂计划的实施中,转变了政府的角色,扩大了家长对学校的选择权,加强了学校之间的竞争,从而促进了教育市场化。对于我国愈加突显的择校乱收费问题,借鉴美国＂教育券＂计划的经验,政府应引入市场机制,支持民办教育,家长应转变消费观念,发挥自身监督作用。 相似文献
18.
关于教育券制度的若干理论问题研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育券理论，是一种在教育领域试行代币券制度的政策主张。该理论的核心理念是，依托制度创新，为教育领域的所有相关主体创造新的角色期待和责任义务，还资源配置权于市场，还教育选择权于学生，还办学自主权于学校。它是一种能够最大限度地体现受教育者意愿、最大广度地动员社会教育资源、最大程度地提高办学效率的制度设计。它的实施也必须依赖于一定的内外部环境条件。 相似文献
19.
Bringing the schools back in: the stratification of educational achievement in the Chilean voucher system 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alejandra Mizala Florencia Torche 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012,32(1):132-144
This paper analyzes the socioeconomic stratification of achievement in the Chilean voucher system using a census of 4th and 8th graders, a multilevel methodology, and accounting for unobserved selectivity into school sector. Findings indicate that the association between the school's aggregate family socioeconomic status (SES) and test scores is much greater in the private-voucher sector than in the public one, resulting in marked socioeconomic stratification of test scores in the Chilean voucher system. We also find that the amount of tuition fees paid by parents in private-voucher schools has no bearing on test scores, after controlling for the socioeconomic makeup of the school. Implications of these findings for educational inequality in the context of a universal voucher system are discussed. 相似文献
20.
One of the pillars of the educational voucher system is that competition among schools to attract students would improve the quality of the education. Surveys to parents and previous work suggested that families rank the distance of the school from their home as the most important factor for choosing a school. They also suggest that parents largely ignore the results of standardized tests. We use a novel data-set which includes precise measures of the distance between homes and schools to analyze the determinants of school choice in Chile. Economic theory suggests, and the estimations confirm, that parents consider quality and the location when choosing schools. The paper quantifies the relevant trade-offs. 相似文献