首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the alignment between the fourth-grade summative classroom assessments and the ‘Matter and Energy’ unit in the Lebanese science curriculum using: content and cognitive levels. Summative assessments were collected from a sample of 17 schools. The alignment between the classroom assessments and the Lebanese science curriculum were examined using three instruments: Curriculum Coding Sheet, Items Coding Sheet, and Item Analysis Sheet. The curricular learning objectives were used for matching the test items to the learning objectives in terms of content. Findings showed moderate content alignment; further analysis revealed that public schools had higher content alignment, and they covered a wider range of topics. In terms of cognitive level, there was a low alignment between the assessments collected and the curriculum; however, there were items that had higher cognitive level. Recommendations for curriculum developers and future research are discussed in light of these findings.  相似文献   

2.
In a standards-based system, it is important for all components of the system to align in order to achieve the intended goals. No Child Left Behind law mandates that assessments be fully aligned with state standards, be valid, reliable and fair, be reported to all stakeholders, and provide evidence that all students in the state are meeting the standards. This study reports an analysis of the alignment between the National Science Education Standards (NSES), New York State Physical Setting/Earth Science Core Curriculum (Core Curriculum) and New York State Physical Setting/Earth Science Regents Examination (Regents Exam)—the sources teachers use for creating Earth Science curricula in New York State. The NSES were found to have a 49 % overlap with the Core Curriculum and a 27 % overlap with the Regents Exam. The Core Curriculum and Regents Exam, represented by matrices consisting of performance indicators and cognitive demands, were compared using the Porter Alignment Index. The alignment was 0.35, categorized as slightly aligned, due to the different emphases on cognitive levels. The Core focused on cognitive skills of Understand and Apply while the Regents concentrated more on Apply followed by Understand and Remember. It is suggested that the NSES be revised and the Core updated to include quantifiable emphasis on the major understandings such as percentage of time.  相似文献   

3.
For five years, from 1995 until 2000, a group of eight educators and researchers met twice annually in Syracuse, NY, for the purpose of revising Bloom's Taxonomy. Based in part on the structure of educational objectives, in part on advances in cognitive psychology, and in part on numerous other attempts to classify educational objectives that were made since the publication of Bloom's Taxonomy, this group produced a two-dimensional table, known simply as the Taxonomy Table. The horizontal dimension was a modification of Bloom's Taxonomy, with verb forms replacing the noun forms of the original category labels: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create. The vertical dimension consisted of four types of knowledge: Factual Knowledge, Conceptual Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, and Metacognitive Knowledge. The purposes of this article are to (1) describe the major differences between the original Taxonomy and the Taxonomy Table, (2) discuss ways in which the Taxonomy Table can be used to examine and ultimately improve the quality of assessment and instruction, and (3) explore how the Taxonomy Table can be used to provide more accurate estimates of curriculum alignment and opportunity to learn.  相似文献   

4.
Decisions on admissions to university and placement into university courses are usually based on the results of achievement (as in secondary school exams) and/or aptitude (in intelligence-type tests and SAT). This paper argues that in a situation where educational provision at secondary school level is highly unequal, a third approach to testing offers an alternative which is preferable both on grounds of theory of cognitive psychology and because it yields much better discrimination.The Alternative Admissions Research Project at University of Cape Town has developed a mathematics test according to the dynamic testing approach as advocated by Miller (1990) for admission of African students from grossly under-resourced schools, as well as for placing these and other students into a diversifying first year curriculum. This approach aims to assess the ability of a candidate to learn from authentic academic material within the test. This paper focuses on the reasons for the development of the mathematics test and the process by which the test questions were developed and piloted. The reliability of the test and correlations of this test with subsequent mathematical performance data are discussed.Following the encouraging data for the test as an admission mechanism, the value of the dynamic testing approach for furnishing additional information for placement into an increasingly varied curriculum at first year level was investigated. This enabled the piloting of more topics and more comprehensive validation of this type of testing. The paper concerns itself with the reliability and predictive value of each of the topics in this placement test for a range of core courses in various faculties and the extent to which these tests can identify potentially at risk students who should be placed onto an appropriate curriculum.  相似文献   

5.
建构语文学科核心素养的测评框架是落实高中语文课程变革理念的内在要求。课程观念变革之际,核心素养评价发展趋势为:评价目的由评价学习结果转向促进学习过程,强调测评框架的可解释性;评价内容由知识本位走向关注对学科本质的深度理解;评价工具的设计强调测试任务的综合性与实践性。据此,本研究建构以情境为依托,以语言实践活动为载体,以实践活动中表征出的关键认知能力为核心的测评框架。通过对测试数据的分析发现,构建的语文学科核心素养测评框架结构合理并具有可操作性,能够为语文学科核心素养的课程评价提供一定参考。  相似文献   

6.
This study reports findings from an analysis of the 2002 Chinese National Physics Curriculum Guidelines and the alignment between the curriculum guidelines and two most recent provincial‐level 12th‐grade exit examinations in China. Both curriculum guidelines and test content were represented using two‐dimensional matrices (i.e., topic by level of cognitive demands) and the Porter’s alignment indices were reported. It appeared that the curriculum documents and the standardized examinations mostly emphasized student understanding of fundamental principles and concepts of physics. Moreover, the two examinations consistently over‐represented the curriculum at both application and analysis cognitive levels. The study also indicated that neither the organization of the current curriculum guidelines nor the exit assessments encourage creativity, critical thinking, and the development of students’ abilities to conduct scientific inquiry. The findings of this study can be used for comparative studies of different countries’ science curriculum standards and assessment systems, and can provide insights into the improvement of science education from an international perspective.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

Finnish nature schools are environmental education organisations offering outdoor programmes for classes in natural environments. They are intended to contribute to the aims of the national curriculum in various subjects. This qualitative study examines how students describe their learning in a nature school context and how they describe differences between learning in nature and learning in the classroom. After a nature school day, 30 10–11-year-old pupils participated in focus groups interviews. The data were analysed through inductive content analysis. Nature school learning was described as cognitive, affective, social and as providing practical skills learning, although some pupils claimed that they had not learned anything. The differences between the learning environments were described as differences in learning activities, concreteness, external conditions, learning topics, perceived ability to concentrate and differences in motivation. We stress the importance of reflection on learning in order to raise pupils’ awareness of their outdoor learning.  相似文献   

8.
A survey of 88 American higher education programs found that 9 of the programs offer an area of concentration in institutional research and 17 programs have an institutional-research core course. These programs are identified, and the content of the curriculum is described. Planning topics received the most emphasis in institutional research courses; topics related to facilities and research methodology received low emphasis scores. The theoretical or practitioner orientation of the core course is analyzed in the second section. In most of the courses, there was a positive correlation between the topics emphasized in the core course and the theoretical orientation of those topics, but the coefficient was significant in only a few cases. As expected, programs with an area of concentration tend to stress theoretical concepts in their core course, while programs without an institutional research concentration are more practitioner-oriented.  相似文献   

9.
This research aimed at developing a methodological framework to investigate the alignment of the Lebanese national math exam tests with the curriculum at the middle school level, during the transitory period of a major curricular reform. The focus is on exploring the characteristics of an “assessment culture” set by the national exams during the long life of the old curriculum.

A framework for analyzing non-objective type tests is developed and piloted. The study considered a sample of 3 model tests reflecting the analyzed curriculum, and 11 official exam tests administered over the last 6 years of its life. The 2 sets of exams were analyzed and compared.

It was found that the official tests have a stable structure in format and in content, and involve a limited set of topics that determine a “mini-curriculum”. The results showed discrepancies between the official and the model tests, indicating lack of alignment.  相似文献   

10.
Although history of science is a potential resource for instructional materials, teachers do not have a tendency to use historical materials in their lessons. Studies showed that instructional materials should be adaptable and consistent with curriculum. This study purports to examine the alignment between history of science and the curriculum in the light of the facilitator model on the use of history of science in science teaching, and to expose possible difficulties in preparing historical materials. For this purpose, qualitative content analysis method was employed. Codes and themes were defined beforehand, with respect to levels and their sublevels of the model. The analysis revealed several problems with the alignment of historical sources for the physics curriculum: limited information about scientists’ personal lives, the difficulty of linking with content knowledge, the lack of emphasis on scientific process in the physics curriculum, differences between chronology and sequence of topics, the lack of information about scientists’ reasoning. Based on the findings of the analysis, it would be difficult to use original historical sources; educators were needed to simplify historical knowledge within a pedagogical perspective. There is a need for historical sources, like Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science, since appropriate historical information to the curriculum objectives can only be obtained by simplifying complex information at the origin. The curriculum should leave opportunities for educators interested in history of science, even historical sources provides legitimate amount of information for every concepts in the curriculum.  相似文献   

11.
Constructive alignment has emerged as a powerful curriculum design idea, but little is known of the extent to which the effectiveness of this idea is a function of qualitative variation. This article introduces a model of qualitative variation in constructive alignment, and uses the results from known alignment studies to test the model. The research reviewed reveals that university teachers have at least two qualitatively different experiences of the core elements of constructive alignment. The teachers who describe their approaches to teaching as involving conceptual change/development intentions with student-focused strategies were found to be likely to see the intended learning outcomes for students in more holistic terms, and assessment as an integral part of that teaching approach. When teachers had more of an intention to transfer information using teacher-focused strategies, they saw the object of study more in terms of parts (concepts, definitions, formulae) with assessment focused on those parts. The implications of this qualitative variation in constructive alignment for curriculum design and for the quality of the outcomes of student learning is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Within a multitiered system of support (MTSS), students who struggle to learn mathematics often receive core instruction and supplemental intervention in different settings, with different teachers and different sets of curriculum materials, all of which can result in poor alignment. This curriculum crosswalk describes how three sets of materials commonly used to provide core instruction and intervention differ with regard to mathematics practices and vocabulary. The results indicate that there is little overlap among all three programs for the majority (n = 6) of the mathematics practices, and very little overlap in mathematics vocabulary (ranging from 6.3 to 24 percent). We also provide a set of research-based instructional recommendations intended to help teachers address gaps and improve alignment of core instruction and intervention.  相似文献   

13.
The problem-based learning curriculum differs from a conventional curriculum with regard to the cumulation of achieved knowledge. Instead of successively ordered topics, the student must learn to solve problems which are related to several topics. It is assumed that by the end of the course the student has mastered the intended goals. Comparisons of problem-based and conventional curricula regarding academic achievement show that differences between curricula-outcomes are very small, if there are any differences at all (Schmidt et al., 1987). But summative evaluation is not enough. The student and the institute are interested also in the growth of the student during the course. For this purpose a progress test is used.The aim of this paper is to describe how a problem-based curriculum is evaluated. It accents the progress test.  相似文献   

14.
高校英语教学法课程是英语教育专业的核心课程,对它的研究已经取得了一些可喜的成果。但随着新课程改革的实施,目前英语教学法课程在教学理念、教学方法和手段上,大多还停留在传统教法的层面上,后续研究需要多开发有价值的课题以弥补其不足。教师应该认清该课程的性质,抓住其特征,搞好教材的建设和教学的实践,提高教学质量;同时加强师范生的实习、见习工作,融理论性、实用性和实践性于一体,争取培养出更多更好的中小学英语教师。  相似文献   

15.
In reviews of university teacher training, the parts of the curriculum based on educational science are often criticized as missing practical relevance and being non-cumulative. At the same time, uncertainty exists regarding which educational science based content is important for teacher candidates. The objective of the Delphi study presented here was the identification of core educational science content in university training. To this aim, a survey was carried out amongst 49 experts from different subject areas and phases of teacher training in three rounds using a standardized questionnaire. In the first round, 213 topics were specified, which were then assessed by experts regarding their importance for various aspects of the teaching profession. In the second and third rounds, which had the objective of reducing the number of topics, the experts chose a limited number of topics based on their relevance for university teacher training and for the practical success of teaching itself. The results show that the original list was comprehensive and that there is a consensus among most of the experts on their respective importance for teaching training.  相似文献   

16.
The project reported here was designed to explore the cognitive style used by pupils with dyslexia when answering a range of mathematical questions. The research involved 132 pupils aged between 9 and 13 years, including 66 pupils in mainstream and 66 pupils in specialist schools, in three countries in Europe.
Detailed studies of the methods used by pupils attempting the given questions on a test of cognitive style suggested that they fell into two main categories. These pupils were observed when completing the test and their responses were categorised accordingly. The resulting numerical data were then analysed for differences between pupils within each country and between their non-dyslexic counterparts.
The results showed significant differences in the balance of cognitive styles employed by pupils with dyslexia as opposed to their non-dyslexic counterparts. Also there were interesting differences occurring between the pupils with dyslexia within the three countries on initial testing. Further differences were established after a six-month intervention period, suggesting that the characteristics of different curriculum models do have an impact upon pupils' flexibility as learners.  相似文献   

17.
语文课程改革有一些很好的思想,但也存在一些误区,核心问题是理性精神的缺失。从理性与人类发展、民族文化、当代社会和素质教育的关系来看,理性应当是素质教育的主题,并应成为语文课程的重要目标,语文课程改革应当高扬理性精神。语文课程改革缺失理性,主要有文化传统特点、对语文课程改革的反思不够、认知结构上的简单化分析、对理性与创新的关系存有误解、简单照搬后现代主义文化等多方面的原因。  相似文献   

18.
This research documents the creation, implementation, and evaluation of a novel chemistry curriculum. The curriculum allowed students to create theories situated in a variety of cultures while they investigated chemical phenomena central to all civilizations; it was a way of synthesizing chemistry, the history and nature of science, inquiry, and multicultural education. Achieving both chemistry content and nature of science objectives were the main goals of the curriculum. A small sample of undergraduate students participated in the curriculum instead of attending a large lecture course. The novel curriculum covered the same chemistry topics as the large lecture course. Program efficacy was evaluated using a combination of grades, survey data, and interviews with the participating undergraduates. The results suggest that this curriculum was a successful start at engaging students and teaching them chemistry as well as nature of science concepts.  相似文献   

19.
"电子产品调试技术"是应用电子专业的一门核心课程,"数字万用表装调"则是其中典型的教学项目。本文从学习领域课程定位、教学项目的选取、课程实施方案的设计等方面来讨论此课程的改革。  相似文献   

20.
为了改变科学课程学习内容零散且缺乏衔接的现状,学习进阶成为了国际科学教育研究的热点议题。对学习进阶的研究系统追踪学生的认知发展过程,为科学教育中标准设计、课程开发、学业评价和教师培训等多个系统的整合提供了统一框架。基于文献综述并结合自身研究经验,并从学习进阶的定义、进阶研究的基础、进阶研究的模式和研究成果的应用四个方面展开分析讨论后发现：科学教育界对学习进阶内涵理解上的差异逐渐消弭,进阶研究在描述学生认知发展过程上取得了阶段性的成果并在向着精细化发展,在学习进阶中融合知识学习与能力培养、学习进阶与教学实践的交互影响等将是后续研究的核心议题。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号