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1.
Cecilie Th⊘gersen-Ntoumani Nikos Ntoumanis Nikitas Nikitaras 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1341-1350
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine typologies of non-exercisers based on reasons for physical inactivity and conditions reported to be necessary to change exercise behaviour. These typologies were then compared on psychological variables of interest and exercise history. Questionnaires were distributed to Greek older adults aged 60 and above who were recruited from social clubs and city cafés. Only individuals engaging in no regular exercise were recruited (n = 188). The results of hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed two clusters for males (“approachable” and “unconvinced”) and three for females (“unconcerned”, “approachable”, and “unconvinced”). The clusters differed significantly on psychological variables not used in the cluster solution. Exercise history distinguished between clusters only among males. The results reveal that physically inactive older adults are not a homogeneous group of individuals. Implementers of physical activity interventions should probably use a range of strategies that take into consideration that some sedentary older adults are more amenable to consider taking up exercise than others. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(3):179-188
The number of older adults (individuals ≥65 years), particularly women, in our society is increasing and understanding the impact of exercise on muscle capacity (e.g., strength and power) and subsequently physical function is of utmost importance to prevent disability and maintain independence. Muscle capacity declines with age and this change negatively impacts physical function in older women. Exercise, specifically resistance training, is recommended to counteract these declines; however, the synergistic relationships between exercise, muscle capacity, and physical function are poorly understood. This review will summarize the literature regarding age-related changes in the aforementioned variables and review the research on the impact of resistance training interventions on muscle capacity and physical function in older women. Recommendations for future research in this area will be discussed. 相似文献
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运用文献资料法,结合自己对《体育颂》的理解,论述体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响。体育锻炼不但能够增强体质,还能调节、甚至消除紧张、不安、焦躁等不良情绪,从而提高心理健康水平,达到“身心合一”的双重效应。 相似文献
4.
Resistance training and older adults' beliefs about psychological benefits: the importance of self-efficacy and social interaction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dionigi R 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(6):723-746
The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived psychological benefits and explore the mechanisms underlying the link between exercise and psychological well-being for a group of older adults (65-72 years; 6 women; 4 men) who participated in a 12-week program of moderate-to-high intensity resistance training. They were interviewed in-depth at 1 week preintervention, 1 month after commencement, and 1 week after completion. The participants believed that resistance training enhanced their well-being, and they gave various physical, mental, and social reasons to explain this link. In particular, self-efficacy and social interaction were found to be key mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study exposed meaningful perceived improvements in psychological wellbeing that have not been uncovered in quantitative studies of healthy older people undertaking resistance training. The findings highlight the importance of using qualitative methods to enrich understandings of the positive effect of exercise on psychological well-being. The findings also have implications for designing effective resistance training interventions for older people. 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):737-742
AbstractWith an ageing population there is an increased prevalence of individuals living with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Characteristics of older aerobically fit individuals with previously diagnosed CVD have not been studied. Therefore, our knowledge is limited as to how, or if, aerobically fit individuals with CVD attempt to adapt their physical activity and the intensity of their training programmes. The objective of this paper is to characterise the physical activity habits and behaviours of older aerobically fit individuals with CVD. We identified 28 aerobically fit patients with CVD from those who completed a minimum of 15 and 12 min of the Bruce treadmill protocol for men and women, respectively. Consenting participants responded to questionnaires regarding physical activity levels, competitive event participation and self-monitoring since diagnosis of heart disease. Average age and treadmill time of participants were 56 and 49 years and 15.6 and 13.0 min for males and females, respectively. Data were obtained regarding recent medical history (medical diagnoses, surgeries/procedures). Despite the majority of individuals participating in the same or more activity since their diagnosis, 25% indicated that their condition limited their activity and 39% reported having symptoms during activity. Nearly all participants (93%) indicated that they monitored their heart rate during exercise. However, only 14% of participants stated that their physician advised them on how to exercise safely. It is necessary for physicians and cardiac rehabilitation programmes to be involved in safe and effective exercise programming to allow individuals to return to sport after CVD. 相似文献
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老年人的体育锻炼与身心健康 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文回顾了近十年来国外有关老年人的体育锻炼与身心健康方面的研究成果,具体讨论了老年人体育锻炼的生理心理效应,老年妇女与体育锻炼,老年人参加体育锻炼的动机以及影响老年人参加和坚持体育锻炼的因素等四个问题。 相似文献
7.
老年人的体育锻炼与身心健康 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文回顾了近十年来国外有关老年人的体育锻炼与身心健康方面的研究成果,具体讨论了老年人体育锻炼的生理心理效应,老年妇女与体育锻炼,老年人参加体育锻炼的动机以及影响老年人参加和坚持体育锻炼的因素等四个问题。 相似文献
8.
Research on successful aging has shown that physical training can have positive effects on cognitive and motor functions in the elderly. The article describes a study involving a 12-week multidimensional exercise program (endurance, strength, flexibility and relaxation) with one session per week which was established for older adults (60 years onwards). Cognitive training (e. g. attention, concentration and memory) was additionally targeted in each exercise session. The exercise program was evaluated by different standardized tests regarding its effects on motor and cognitive performance as dependent variables. In a randomized controlled trial with experimental and waiting control group two points of measurement were conducted. The results showed a significant increase in fitness parameters (endurance, strength and dynamic balance) for the experimental group in contrast to the control group. The expected significant increase for cognitive functions was not found. There is still not enough known about the relationship between cognitive function and physical activity in older adults. 相似文献
9.
以湖北省普通高校大学生为调查对象,利用《大学生心理资本问卷》对在校大学生的心理资本水平及体育锻炼效果进行调查,了解大学生体育锻炼效果与心理资本现状,从而进一步分析心理资本与体育锻炼效果之间的关系,为提升大学生心理资本水平和体育锻炼效果提供实证依据。研究表明:大学生的心理资本与体育锻炼效果之间具有正相关性。 相似文献
10.
Peter Reddy Irundika Dias Carol Holland Niyah Campbell Iaysha Nagar Luke Connolly 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):638-645
The health benefits of playing football and the importance of exercise and social contact for healthy ageing are well established, but few older adults in the UK take enough exercise. Football is popular, flexible in format and draws players into engrossing, effortful and social exercise, but the physical demands of play at full speed may make it unsustainable for some older adults. Restricted to walking pace, will play still be engaging? Will health benefits be retained? Will physical demands remain manageable? This pilot study aims to investigate: (1) the experience of older adults playing walking football every week, is it sustainable and rewarding, (2) the intensity and locomotor pattern of walking football, (3) the scale and nature of walking football health benefits and (4) possible cognitive benefits of playing walking football through measures of processing speed, selective and divided attention and updating and inhibition components of executive function. ‘Walking football’ and ‘waiting list’ groups were compared before and after 12 weeks of one-hour per week football. Walking football was found to be engaging, sustainable for older adults and moderately intensive; however, selective health and cognitive benefits were not found from this brief intervention.Highlights
Walking football is a lower impact but authentic form of football that enables older players to extend their active participation.
Walking football is enjoyable and moderately demanding and may be a sustainable form of exercise for older adults.
Health and cognitive benefits to playing walking football were not found.
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Despite females consistently reporting greater social physique anxiety (SPA), previous literature has yet to demonstrate whether SPA gender differences are linked to the way males and females perform physical activity. This study investigated an association between SPA and physical activity frequency, history of exercise, and physical activity intensity. Participants were represented by currently active users (N?=?33 males; N?=?31 females) of an on-campus university-run gym and completed a background physical activity questionnaire and the nine-item Social Physique Anxiety Scale. Participants also performed an exercise session at a self-selected level of exertion, with the intensity of each session measured via heart rate monitor. SPA was not associated with physical activity frequency, history of exercise (length of gym membership), or intensity for male and female exercisers. With respect to male participants, females reported higher SPA and a preference for performing higher intensity physical activity. Females and males also indicated a preference for performing aerobic and anaerobic physical activity respectively. Our findings suggest the experience of SPA does not deter body-conscious individuals from the performance of regular physical activity. Findings also suggest the discrepancy in male and female SPA is not linked to differences in the way physical activity is performed. 相似文献
13.
Victor L. Katch John F. Villanacci Stanley P. Sady 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):269-272
Using Sonstroem, Harlow, and Josephs' (1994) expanded version of the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model (EXSEM; Sonstroem &; Morgan, 1989), we explored how 9 older adults (6 women and 3 men, aged 65–72 years) involved in a resistance training program experienced and perceived changes in physical self-worth (i.e., improved strength, functional competency, physical condition, and body satisfaction). We conducted three in-depth interviews with each participant over the course of the program. In individual log books, participants recorded the weight lifted and the number of repetitions for each exercise. Our findings showed the course of changes in physical self-perceptions in these older adults and how actual individual changes in strength performance related to perceived changes in important psychological outcomes. 相似文献
14.
探讨体育锻炼干预对老年人幸福感的改善作用,是我国锻炼心理学研究及大众体育改革与发展亟需解决的实际问题。对老年人幸福感与体育锻炼领域的研究方法、体育锻炼干预效应以及心生理机制等问题进行了分析与评价,发现已有的研究结果尚未清楚揭示体育锻炼与老年人幸福感的关系。未来的研究应着重于:(1)积极深入地探索两者关系的"剂量效应";(2)开发提高老年人幸福感水平的体育锻炼干预方案;(3)加强生理心理机制的分析与探讨。为全面系统地研究体育锻炼干预改善老年人幸福感水平提供科学的参考和采用针对性的体育锻炼干预方案提供可操作性的实践基础。 相似文献
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M F Hovell C R Hofstetter J F Sallis M J Rauh E Barrington 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1992,63(4):425-434
This study was designed to identify correlates of change in walking for exercise. Respondents to a random sample mailed exercise survey were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 24 months after the first. Responses were obtained from 1,739 adults, reflecting an 86.6% return rate. Nonrespondents did not differ from respondents for baseline level of walking for exercise. Respondents overrepresented Caucasian and middle to high education (or income) adults. Residualized measures of change in walking for exercise served as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline walking. Similarly, key independent variables, subject to change over time, were included after residualization. At both baseline and 24 months follow-up, adults walked for exercise an average of just under 1 hour per week, and 23.5% of the initially active adults ceased walking for exercise at 2 years. Multiple regression analyses explained more variance in walking for exercise among women than men. Change in dynamic variables such as friend's support and vigorous physical activity accounted for most of the explained variance. Results suggest that dynamic variables may need to be sustained to maintain walking for exercise. The limited explained variance suggests that more precise measures and additional determinants of walking for exercise need to be identified. 相似文献
16.
Melbourne F. Hovell C. Richard Hofstetter James F. Sallis Mitchell J. D. Rauh Elizabeth Barrington 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):425-434
Abstract This study was designed to identify correlates of change in walking for exercise. Respondents to a random sample mailed exercise survey were asked to complete a follow-up questionnaire 24 months after the first. Responses were obtained from 1,739 adults, reflecting an 86.6% return rate. Nonrespondents did not differ from respondents for baseline level of walking for exercise. Respondents overrepresented Caucasian and middle to high education (or income) adults. Residualized measures of change in walking for exercise served as the dependent variable, adjusted for baseline walking. Similarly, key independent variables, subject to change over time, were included after residualization. At both baseline and 24 months follow-up, adults walked for exercise an average of just under 1 hour per week, and 23.5% of the initially active adults ceased walking for exercise at 2 years. Multiple regression analyses explained more variance in walking for exercise among women than men. Change in dynamic variables such as friend's support and vigorous physical activity accounted for most of the explained variance. Results suggest that dynamic variables may need to be sustained to maintain walking for exercise. The limited explained variance suggests that more precise measures and additional determinants of walking for exercise need to be identified. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and the psychological domains of well-being in older adults and to identify possible moderators and mediators of this relationship. Twelve longitudinal investigations were included in this review. The results indicate that there seems to be a positive association between PA and psychological well-being over time. Thus PA may be one possible individual lifestyle factor for the long-term promotion of psychological well-being in older adults. Especially leisure time PA at light intensities conducted in group settings was identified to be beneficial for promoting psychological well-being. Furthermore, longitudinal results indicated that self-efficacy, self-esteem, affect, optimism, and pre-interventional motivation moderated/mediated the relationship between PA and psychological well-being in older adults. 相似文献
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Physical activity and wellbeing in older adults is a global priority in combating negative economic consequences associated with population aging. Quantitative research using a medicalized model clearly associates physical activity with physiological health benefits. However, it is argued that a review of qualitative literature exploring individual experiences of active older adults can provide important insights into physical activity, aging, and wellbeing – specifically, how discourses of ageing and self-identity may interact with physical activity levels. A literature search on electronic databases PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest was used to identify qualitative studies of older adults who exercise or engage in competitive sport. Findings reveal that both groups tend to resist dominant negative stereotypes of ageing and view physical activity as central to self- identity. Yet approaches to ageing varied with the competitive sport group adopting a more negative view of the ageing process. Whilst results suggest that different levels of physical activity may impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of older adults, inconsistent definitions of exercise and competitive sport make it impossible to group these differences according to specific physical activity levels. More precise definitions of physical activity constructs in future research may provide a better understanding of these differences. 相似文献
20.
体育锻炼是促进居民社会交往的重要途径。基于中国综合社会调查2015（CGSS 2015）数据,采用OLS回归以及倾向值得分匹配法考查体育锻炼对居民社会交往的影响效应。研究结果发现,参加体育锻炼显著增加了居民社会交往的可能性,对居民社会交往的提升作用存在民族、婚姻、教育、健康水平以及代际差异。对于在城市和农村不同环境中长大并进行体育锻炼的居民,后者更注重社会交往。此外,参与体育锻炼对受教育程度高的个体在社会交往方面的提升作用更大。使用"倾向值得分匹配"方法重新检验后,这一结论仍然稳健。 相似文献