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1.
河床演变的根本原因是输沙的不平衡,而进一步的深层原因是动床水沙两相流的内在矛盾和不恒定流外部条件。河床和水流具有“自动调整作用”,即在不断淤积和冲刷的发展过程中,河床和水流进行自动调整。由于冲淤变化大,沙洋站测流断面的这种自动调整尤其明显。本文主要对该站近年来的断面输沙特性做一些浅要的分析。  相似文献   

2.
针对沙棘植物“柔性坝”的拦粗淤细作用,结合黄河粗沙区沟道侵蚀及泥沙输移的规律,开展了这方面的机理研究及野外拦沙保水试验,推导了沙棘植物柔性坝前壅水计算迭代公式.分析结果表明,沙棘植物坝具有良好的拦沙阻水作用,起到了滞流和增大入渗的作用;“柔性坝”可显著调节沟道土壤水分,提高水源涵养能力,对发展沟头林业和沟坡农业生产打下良好基础,而且可实现水沙分治.  相似文献   

3.
大坝使世界上的许多大江大河差不多都变成了水库搭起来的台阶,彻底改变了河流自然的季节流量模式,引起河水的温度和化学成分变化;滋生诸如蚊子类的传播媒介,使疾病四处蔓延,将河谷生命网络间的联系切断,使生物多样性减少;搅乱了河流的侵蚀、搬运和沉积地质作用过程,引起河岸滑塌,而且诱发水库地震;拦住了淤积洪泛平原与入海的沉积物,使河道形态发生变化,对流域生态环境造成严重影响,甚至破坏。呼吁人类关注大坝对环境的影响,放弃解决水资源问题的唯一方法就是修建大型水利工程的传统观念,用明智的治水 策略使用流域,保证河流的健康。  相似文献   

4.
对渭河下游河势及水文状况的多年变化情况进行了介绍和分析,分析认为三门峡水库的修建,使渭河水流变缓,挟沙能力降低,中游大量泥沙在渭河入黄河口大量堆积,造成潼关高程显著抬升,渭河水平面升高,这是渭河下游淤积严重的重要原因。洪水期渭河过流能力急剧减小,防洪能力十分严峻。通过资料分析表明,渭河各段淤积量与潼关高程呈现出一种线形相关规律,由此得出降低三门峡水库运行水位,从而降低潼关高程,减小渭河下游泥沙淤积,提高渭河过水能力,对渭河流域防洪减灾有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

5.
河流泥沙数学模型的研究分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
泥沙数学模型是预测水沙运动和河床演变的重要手段之一。对一维数学模型、二维数学模型的基本原理、计算方法、关键技术处理等方面分别进行研究,分析黄河泥沙数学模型的应用,指出泥沙数学模型的发展方向。  相似文献   

6.
陕西省水资源紧缺,时空分布不均,水土资源分布与社会经济要求不协调,水利工程调蓄性能差,水资源污染严重,河流含沙量大,水资源的利用不充分,水的供需矛盾仍很突出。本文结合陕西省具体情况和国家形势,论述了加强节水灌溉的必要性和重要性,并阐述了实行节水灌溉的多项措施。  相似文献   

7.
长江三峡工程蓄水运行后,来自长江上游的泥沙滞留于库区,清水下泄,出库泥沙量明显减少,坝下河床受到冲刷,支流湖泊的供沙也将发生变化,使得进入长江中游河段的泥沙有所减少。本文对长江中游干流河段螺山水文站的径流及来水来沙等水文特性影响进行研究,对于该地区乃至下游地区的防洪调度、港口修建、航道整治与维护、滩涂围垦、工农业生产及生态环境保护等,都具有十分重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
A model for incipient movement of sediment in rolling pattern was established. In this model, the starting of sediment particles under low transport rate, the exposure degree of sediment, the lateral slope of water surface and the effect of transverse circulating current induced by the hydraulic structure of bend flow were fully considered. A theoretical formula for the incipient velocity of non-cohesive and non-uniform sediment in sloping river bends was developed. The results from the theoretical formula compared well with the experimental data.  相似文献   

9.
黄河下游河道逐年淤积抬高,河道断面萎缩,过流能力降低,漫滩流量大幅度减小,致使黄河洪水出现小流量、高水位、大险情的特点.通过对黄河下游的泥沙淤积规律的认识,以黄河下游洪水不同时期水位的变化、洪水传播时间的变化以及漫滩流量和削峰作用的变化来论述下游河道淤积对洪水特性的影响.  相似文献   

10.
MIKE 21计算软件及其在长兴岛海域改造工程上的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
MIKE 21数值计算与分析软件是国际上比较成熟的DHI软件系列中关于水动力、波浪和泥沙输运等模型进行潮流场、代表波要素的波浪场和泥沙输运的数值模拟工具,在国内至少有上百个成功的工程实际计算实例.本文以作者正在进行的"长兴岛附近海域原油码头项目——泥沙冲於"为工程背景,详细介绍了该计算软件的计算方法,将该数值计算软件的模拟结果与实际泥沙冲淤规律进行对比,二者符合较好,说明本文建立的数值模型可以成功地预测长兴岛附近海域泥沙淤积的规律,为工程设计单位提供指导.  相似文献   

11.
本文用地理学和水力学两种学科的理论,研究了广东亚热带花岗岩崩岗形成的各个阶段,花岗岩区表层流作用,地表迳流作用,崩岗泥沙的冲刷和搬运,崩岗的类型和逾分水岭侵蚀等5个问题.并介绍了在广东水土流失区所导出的“水沙流失预报模型”,该模型在五华河流域作预报,效果良好。  相似文献   

12.
对王家崖水库泥砂淤积情况进行了深入、细致的分析,认为该水库淤积的主要原因是在最初设计中没有足够重视防淤排砂,没有修建有足够排量的排砂洞,使得一些水力排砂新技术得不到实施,水库长期蓄洪排清。提出了“防治并举,综合治理,立足目前,设想长远”的治理思路,得出了用降低蓄库水砂限,开展流域水土保持工作的方法减少泥砂入库。修建排砂洞,彻底排除水库运行41年淤积的泥砂,是实现水库“蓄清排浑、水砂同时调节、冲淤平衡”的水库良性运行方式。  相似文献   

13.
介绍了声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的原理。以重庆涪陵核电厂为例,论证了该仪器在内陆核电厂址水文观测中的适用性;根据河流水流状况选择对应的硬件配置,可快速高效对流速、流向进行观测。总结了应用中的成功经验,提出需要注意的问题,并对利用该仪器输出数据分析计算悬沙浓度分布剖面的可行性进行了探讨。  相似文献   

14.
黄河山东河段位处黄河下游,是黄河防洪的重要地区之一。周定王五年(前602)宿胥口河徙后,流经鲁西北,黄河穿行山东千余年。现行河道是清咸丰五年(1855)铜瓦厢决口改道后形成的,具有堤距上宽下窄、纵比降上陡下缓、输沙能力上大下小、泥沙淤积严重、地上悬河突出等特点,造成防凌及河口治理任务繁重。  相似文献   

15.
The transport characters of non-uniform sediment before and after the reservoir operation are compared and analyzed. Field data from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), Danjiangkou, and Sanmenxia reservoir indicate that the transport character of coarse particle is various in different reaches. Before the reservoir operation, the dramatic decrease of the hydraulic condition in some reaches is the main reason to cause the coarse particle deposited. After the reservoir operation, almost all grain sized sediment may be eroded, when the reach is eroded seriously. However, the transport character of the coarse particle will be consistent with what it was before, when the reach is not eroded seriously. The deposition amount will be less than its pre-dam value, and it will tend to decrease with the time going on. Erosion of fine particle results from its unsaturation. Long-distance erosion downstream from reservoir is caused by shortage of the supply from riverbed, especially the shortage of fine particle. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(“973” Program, No.2003CB415200). LI Yitian, born in 1957, male, Prof.  相似文献   

16.
为了确保各项水利工程建设对泥沙资料使用精度要求,同时优化泥沙测次,节约生产成本,对枯季河流含沙量进行分析,具有十分重要意义。本文以洞庭湖区南咀水文站的枯季悬移质输沙量变化进行分析。  相似文献   

17.
利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)及X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等分析技术对湘江湘潭段沉积物的重金属元素进行了系统的分析测定。结果表明:河岸沉积物中富集着多种重金属元素,其中湘潭入河处河岸沉积物中明显富集Sc、Cu、Zn、Pb等元素;出口处沉积物中存在着U、Cr、Ni、Ba等8种元素明显富集的现象;多种原因致使Mn、Pb在出口处沉积物中富集更加明显。Hankanson潜在生态危害指数法显示:大部分代表性重金属元素(如Mn、Co等)在湘潭段河岸沉积物中存在轻微的生态危害;Cr在XS沉积物中有极强生态危害风险(Eir=423.68),在ZB中也存在很强的生态危害风险(Eir=318.68)。  相似文献   

18.
GSTARS (Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation) is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation while the author was employed by that agency. The stream tube concept is used in all GSTARS models which allow us to solve one-dimensional equations for each stream tube independently and obtain semi-two-dimensional variation of the hydraulic conditions along and across stream tubes for rivers and reservoirs. Sediment transport, scour, and deposition processes are simulated along each stream tube independently to give us a semi-three-dimensional variation of the bed geometry. Most sediment transport computer models assume that channel width is given and cannot change during the simulation process. GSTARS models apply the theory of minimum stream power to the determination of optimum channel width and channel geometry. The concepts of channel side stability, and active, inactive, and armoring layers are used in all GSTARS models for realistic long-term simulation and prediction of the scour and deposition processes in rivers and reservoirs. GSTARS models have been applied in many countries for solving a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Case studies will be used to illustrate the applications of GSTARS computer models. YANG Chih Ted, Borland Professor of Water Resources and Director of Hydroscience and Training Center.  相似文献   

19.
River morphology has been a subject of great challenge to scientists and engineers who recognize that any effort with regard to river engineering must be based on a proper understanding of the morphological features involved and the responses to the imposed changes. In this paper, an overview of river morphology is presented from the geomorphic viewpoint. Included in the scope are the regime concept, river channel classification, thresholds in river morphology, and geomorphic analysis of river responses. Analytical approach to river morphology based on the physical principles for the hydraulics of flow and sediment transport processes is also presented. The application of analytical river morphology is demonstrated by an example. Modeling is the modern technique to determine both short-term and long-term river channel responses to any change in the environment. The physical foundation of fluvial process-response must be applied in formatting a mathematical model. A brief introduction of the mathematical model FLUVIAL-12 is described. CHANG Howard H, Professor Emeritus.  相似文献   

20.
根据长江实测水文、泥沙、河道地形等资料,分析港区所在河段的河势变化,从河床角度提出了适宜港岸线利用规划的初步结论和建议.  相似文献   

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