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鉴于传统的创新理论无法解释制度环境差异巨大的中国企业技术创新过程，为更为全面和细致地考察中国企业创新的竞争优势，基于企业战略“三角观”（资源观、制度观和行业观）理论，使用2007—2019年国泰安数据库的中国企业相关数据，运用Tobit面板模型，分析制度因素对企业创新绩效的影响效应，内部能力与制度因素对企业创新绩效的交互效应，以及技术前沿距离与内部能力、制度因素对企业创新绩效的三重交互效应。结果显示：知识产权保护执法对企业创新绩效有促进作用；政府支持弥补了转型过程中企业所面临的制度基础设施不足的不利影响，有利于企业创新；企业内部能力提升了知识产权保护执法与企业创新绩效的正向关系，但削弱了政府支持对企业创新绩效的正向效应；技术前沿距离放大了内部能力、政府支持与企业创新绩效之间的负向关系，且降低了内部能力、知识产权保护执法与企业创新绩效之间的正向关系。因此，新发展时期的中国在加强知识产权保护执法和提升企业内部能力的同时，也需要将政府角色由经济干预者向秩序维护者转换，以适应中国技术进步新阶段的特点。 相似文献
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由于创新成为国家经济发展的主要推动力,尤其是企业作为国家创新的主要驱动力,其创新水平提高对国家整体创新水平的提升至关重要.因此,文章基于中国工业企业数据库中的微观企业数据,运用门槛回归模型实证分析了以企业规模为门槛变量,探讨了在不同企业规模区间内研发投入对企业创新绩效的影响.研究结果表明:研发投入对企业创新绩效的影响,确实存在着企业规模的门槛效应,在不同企业规模区间内,研发投入对企业创新绩效有着不同作用及影响力度.具体来说,当企业规模较大或较小时,研发投入对企业创新绩效促进作用较为明显.为进一步提高企业的创新绩效,应依据企业规模,合理增加企业研发投入、优化政府的资金支持与信息服务、加强企业创新理念的培育. 相似文献
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政府的税收优惠和研发补贴是政府支持企业创新的重要方式。但目前的学术研究并不能够回答“哪种支持方式更有利于企业创新”。本文以此为切入点,分析政府税收优惠和直接研发补贴对企业创新绩效和创新质量的影响。采用505家高新技术企业2011-2013年调研数据为样本,对假设进行了检验。结果表明政府的税收优惠政策有利于企业创新绩效和高质量创新产出的提升;相反政府的研发补贴对企业的创新绩效和创新质量均具有挤出作用;同时,对于技术能力比较强的企业,税收优惠对高质量创新产出的促进作用将越弱。本文的结论从理论上丰富了已有创新政策的研究,实践中为政府更有针对性的实施创新政策提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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政府的税收优惠和研发补贴是政府支持企业创新的重要方式。但目前的学术研究并不能够回答"哪种支持方式更有利于企业创新"。本文以此为切入点,分析政府税收优惠和直接研发补贴对企业创新绩效和创新质量的影响。采用505家高新技术企业2011-2013年调研数据为样本,对假设进行了检验。结果表明政府的税收优惠政策有利于企业创新绩效和高质量创新产出的提升;相反政府的研发补贴对企业的创新绩效和创新质量均具有挤出作用;同时,对于技术能力比较强的企业,税收优惠对高质量创新产出的促进作用将越弱。本文的结论从理论上丰富了已有创新政策的研究,实践中为政府更有针对性的实施创新政策提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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基于2008—2017年中国A股制造业上市公司数据以及企业所在城市地方政府工作报告的文本分析,考察普惠化制度安排和选择性直接支持对企业研发绩效的影响及其异质性创新治理效应。研究发现：（1）与选择性直接支持相比,普惠化制度安排能够更精准地促进企业高质量研发产出,且其创新促进作用更持久;（2）政府参与创新的两种方式对企业高质量研发产出存在协同促进作用;（3）普惠化制度安排能够缓解不完善的市场化环境对企业研发活动的负面影响,而选择性直接支持的创新促进作用在较高的市场化水平下才能充分实现;（4）普惠化制度安排对不同生命周期企业的研发绩效均有显著促进作用,而选择性直接支持的政策效果在成长期企业中更显著。政府应在进一步优化现有选择性、差异化直接支持政策的同时,更加注重通过功能性、普惠化的制度安排推动国家创新治理体系完善和优化。 相似文献
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选取2008—2015年中国医药制造业上市公司148家企业的面板数据,建立PVAR模型,运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解等分析方法,研究不同政府补贴方式与研发投入和创新绩效之间的动态交互效应,以及该效应在国企和非国企之间的差异。结果表明:(1)相对于支持型政府补贴,奖励型政府补贴更能促进企业的研发投入和创新绩效;反过来,创新绩效促进奖励型政府补贴,两者相互促进;而研发投入抑制奖励型政府补贴,且这种交互作用国企比非国企更显著。(2)支持型政府补贴挤出研发投入但促进创新绩效,反过来研发投入促进支持型政府补贴,而创新绩效抑制支持型政府补贴,且这种交互作用非国企比国企更显著。(3)研发投入与创新绩效相互促进,且非国企比国企更显著。本文的研究结论可为政府补贴政策和企业创新研发决策的制定和完善提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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政府补贴对软件企业创新绩效的影响研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(3):555-564
政府补贴是企业研发和创新最直接的外部资源支持,软件产业是发展数字经济的先导产业,如何进行政府补贴能更好地推进软件企业发展值得思考。基于资源基础理论,以软件产业上市公司为研究对象,采用面板固定效应负二项回归,从政府补贴规模、政府顺补贴（即企业盈利时补贴）、政府逆补贴（即企业亏损时补贴）几个角度,探究了政府补贴对企业研发投入和创新绩效关系的调节作用。结果表明：企业研发投入对企业创新绩效有促进作用;政府补贴规模正向调节研发投入与创新绩效之间的关系;政府顺补贴强化了研发投入对创新绩效的正向影响,而政府逆补贴对研发投入和创新绩效之间的关系是负向影响。研究结论对政府补贴政策制定和企业创新实践提供参考和启示。 相似文献
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新产品开发成功与否是影响企业在激烈的市场竞争中取胜的关键因素。基于动态能力视角和制度理论,探究了影响企业新产品绩效的因素。主要从组织合法性和政府支持对企业战略柔性与新产品绩效的影响出发,阐明企业动态能力在何种制度条件下对新产品开发的作用最优。采用272家企业双份调研数据的统计结果表明,高度的战略柔性能促进企业的新产品绩效;高水平的组织合法性和政府支持均有利于提升战略柔性对新产品绩效的促进作用;基于三项交互的分析表明,战略柔性、组织合法性与政府支持的不同配置将对新产品绩效产生差异化影响。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献