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1.
We examined the relationship between implicit and explicit “exerciser” and “sedentary” self-identity when activated by stereotypes. Undergraduate participants (N = 141) wrote essays about university students who either liked to exercise or engage in sedentary activities. This was followed by an implicit identity task and an explicit measure of exercise self-identity. Results showed that implicit and explicit exerciser identities were not highly correlated. There were also no significant prime effects, but women showed greater implicit sedentary identity, whereas men showed greater implicit exercise identity. This research suggests that implicit exercise-related identity is a distinct construct from explicit exercise identity. The results also reflect responses to societal pressures for women to be thin and for men to be strong, when free of self-presentational bias. 相似文献
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Cecilie Th⊘gersen-Ntoumani Nikos Ntoumanis Nikitas Nikitaras 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1341-1350
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to examine typologies of non-exercisers based on reasons for physical inactivity and conditions reported to be necessary to change exercise behaviour. These typologies were then compared on psychological variables of interest and exercise history. Questionnaires were distributed to Greek older adults aged 60 and above who were recruited from social clubs and city cafés. Only individuals engaging in no regular exercise were recruited (n = 188). The results of hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed two clusters for males (“approachable” and “unconvinced”) and three for females (“unconcerned”, “approachable”, and “unconvinced”). The clusters differed significantly on psychological variables not used in the cluster solution. Exercise history distinguished between clusters only among males. The results reveal that physically inactive older adults are not a homogeneous group of individuals. Implementers of physical activity interventions should probably use a range of strategies that take into consideration that some sedentary older adults are more amenable to consider taking up exercise than others. 相似文献
3.
粤北地区居民对全民健身路径的使用现状分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对粤北地区梅州、韶关两市全民健身路径器材的使用现状分析显示,工人是出现于健身路径中最多的人群,他们中多数患有各种慢性疾病,且以女性为多。健身者主要靠模仿他人或阅读器材使用说明书以获得对器材使用方法的认识,其中,女性健身者对器材方法的掌握好于男性。不同年龄段的健身者对健身器材选择差异显著;健身者对器材的选择与健身器材的实际配备比例不很合理,有氧耐力与康复两大类器械实际配备比例严重偏低。不同年龄阶段健身者的健身动机带有强烈的功利倾向,且随着年龄的增长其心理需求发生质的变化;不同性别对练习频次、练习量的选择有差异,男性健身者的选择具有很大随意性,而女性的选择具有明显的集中趋势,且随着健身者年龄的增加,女性比男性出现于健身路径的频次更高,练习量不缩反增。 相似文献
4.
Emmanuel S. Da Rocha Marcos R. Kunzler Maarten F. Bobbert Jacques Duysens 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1305-1311
Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population. 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):231-237
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of arm-swing and sporting activity on jump height and jump height variability of countermovement jumps in adolescent students to inform correct jumping technique in different settings. Altogether, 324 students (grades 5–11) performed three countermovement jumps with bilateral arm-swings and three countermovement jumps without arm-swings on a force platform. The participants were divided into three groups based on sporting activity. The groups with the most (“active group”; more than 6 h formal athletics in a sport club per week) and least active (“sedentary group”; less than 3 h formal athletics in a sport club per week) participants were compared. Jump height was calculated for all jumps, and the best trial of three was used for further analysis. Jump height variability was indicated by the coefficient of variation over three jumps. The reliability of jump height was determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) over three trials of each jumping technique. The reliability of jump height was very high for all conditions (ICC: 0.90–0.96). Jump height was significantly higher for countermovement jumps with than without arm-swings for both groups. Jump height in the active group was significantly greater than in the sedentary group for both jumping techniques. A significant interaction between jumping technique and sporting activity indicates a greater benefit of arm-swing in the active than in the sedentary participants. No significant differences between groups were observed for jump height variability. Jump height can be measured reliably in active and sedentary adolescent individuals for both jumping techniques. The relevant jumping technique should be chosen with respect to the context of its application and based on its suitability for the individual and task of interest. 相似文献
6.
Luigi Gabrielli Marta Sitges Mario Chiong Jorge Jalil María Ocaranza Silvana Llevaneras 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1288-1297
Moderate endurance exercise has long been considered an essential element to maintain cardiovascular health, and sedentary behaviour in the general population has been related to a significant increase in all-causes of mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence. However, a growing group of people performs an intense exercise that leads to multiple heart adaptive changes that are collectively called “athlete’s heart”. In this review, we discussed the evidence of cardiac remodelling process secondary to repetitive and strenuous exercise in some predisposed athletes that produces intense and probably deleterious changes in cardiac morphology and function with no clear clinical significance in long-term follow-up. Moreover, we also discussed the individual biological response to exercise assessed by myocardial damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and ventricular hypertrophy biomarkers showing different intensities with equivalent exertion. 相似文献
7.
以疫情隔离为契机,运用扎根理论对居家锻炼者进行访谈,讨论场所依恋与主观幸福感相关性问题。研究表明：基于核心类属"场所依恋"能够形成居家锻炼类型：模式化锻炼者、社交娱乐化锻炼者、功能化锻炼者与无差别化锻炼者。其中模式化锻炼者与社交娱乐化锻炼者为强依恋类型,其余为弱依恋类型。此外核心类属对居家锻炼者主观幸福感的影响划分为4个主范畴：锻炼效用、场所依恋、主观幸福感、类型分化情感。该结论丰富了现有幸福感的理论研究,进一步诠释了场所对于锻炼者主观幸福感的重要性及其变化机理。 相似文献
8.
身体锻炼方式与中老年人信息加工能力的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
182名受试者被分为3个锻炼组和1个对照组。3个锻炼组是:大极拳/剑组、导引养生功组和慢跑锻炼组。结果表明:1,积极锻炼者的心理健康指标明显优于不积极锻炼者;2,各积极锻炼组之间心理健康指标的差异不大;3,太极拳/剑锻炼对于中老年人数字广度的保持具有更积极的意义,表现为它见效快,所有负荷小,但如果坚持锻炼时间在6 a以上,则慢跑锻炼比太极和导引对数字广度的保持更为有效;4,身体锻炼对延缓心理衰老的积极作用,可能在于其对参与者注意和意识状态的有效调整。 相似文献
9.
Effects of a three-year exercise program on motor function and cognitive processing speed in older women 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
This study evaluated the effects of a three-year exercise program on motor performance and cognitive processing speed of previously sedentary older women, ages 57-85. Variables tested were simple and choice reaction time (CRT), balance, sit and reach flexibility, shoulder flexibility, and grip strength. Subjects participated three times a week in exercise performance classes designed to meet American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Results indicate that performance was significantly improved on all measures during the course of the study (p less than .01) except for the sit and reach test (SRT), where significance was approached (p less than .027), but not reached. A comparison of the exercise subjects with a comparable group of nonexercising control subjects revealed significant interactions between treatment and time on all variables except CRT and grip strength. Pretest to posttest scores of the exercise subjects tended to improve over the three-year period, whereas the scores of the control subjects declined. Improved reaction time indicated exercise is effective in reversing or at least slowing ceratin age-related declines in motor performance and in speed of cognitive processing. 相似文献
10.
宋冰 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(12):75-76
目的 对湛江寸金公园经常参加体育锻炼（运动组）与棋牌活动（棋牌组）的老年志愿者进行台阶测验，比较从事不同活动老年人的心血管机能状态。用以指导老年人选择有益身心健康的活动形式。方法 利用台阶测定仪，测定安静心率与完成相同负荷后第1、2、3分钟心率。结果 运动组运动后第1分钟心率较棋牌组慢（P〈0．01），而第2第3分钟的恢复过程却较快（P〈0．01）。提示运动组老人的身体机能、尤其是心肺功能优于棋牌组人群。结论 长期坚持有氧运动锻炼对于减缓心血管功能下降速度，维持和提高老年群体身体素质有积极作用。 相似文献
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Three studies of exercise adherence and attitudes are reported that tested the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In a prospective study of adherence to a private fitness club, structural equation modelling path analysis showed that attitudinal and social normative components of the Theory of Reasoned Action accounted for 13.1% of the variance in adherence 4 months later, although only social norm significantly predicted intention. In a second study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to predict both physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Path analyses showed that attitude and perceived control, but not social norm, predicted total physical activity. Physical activity was predicted from intentions and control over sedentary behaviour. Finally, an intervention study with previously sedentary adults showed that intentions to be active measured at the start and end of a 10-week intervention were associated with the planned behaviour variables. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant multivariate effects for time on the planned behaviour variables measured before and after intervention. Qualitative data provided evidence that participants had a positive experience on the intervention programme and supported the role of social normative factors in the adherence process. 相似文献
13.
Three studies of exercise adherence and attitudes are reported that tested the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. In a prospective study of adherence to a private fitness club, structural equation modelling path analysis showed that attitudinal and social normative components of the Theory of Reasoned Action accounted for 13.1% of the variance in adherence 4 months later, although only social norm significantly predicted intention. In a second study, the Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to predict both physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Path analyses showed that attitude and perceived control, but not social norm, predicted total physical activity. Physical activity was predicted from intentions and control over sedentary behaviour. Finally, an intervention study with previously sedentary adults showed that intentions to be active measured at the start and end of a 10-week intervention were associated with the planned behaviour variables. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant multivariate effects for time on the planned behaviour variables measured before and after intervention. Qualitative data provided evidence that participants had a positive experience on the intervention programme and supported the role of social normative factors in the adherence process. 相似文献
14.
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of a three-year exercise program on motor performance and cognitive processing speed of previously sedentary older women, ages 57–85. Variables tested were simple and choice reaction time (CRT), balance, sit and reach flexibility, shoulder flexibility, and grip strength. Subjects participated three times a week in exercise performance classes designed to meet American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Results indicate that performance was significantly improved on all measures during the course of the study (p < .01) except for the sit and reach test (SRT), where significance was approached (p < .027), but not reached. A comparison of the exercise subjects with a comparable group of nonexercising control subjects revealed significant interactions between treatment and time on all variables except CRT and grip strength. Pretest to posttest scores of the exercise subjects tended to improve over the three-year period, whereas the scores of the control subjects declined. Improved reaction time indicated exercise is effective in reversing or at least slowing certain age-related declines in motor performance and in speed of cognitive processing. 相似文献
15.
目的:研究粉防己碱对运动性蛋白尿发生时肾脏细胞凋亡的干预作用。方法:将大量购进的符合实验要求的雄性Wistar大鼠先按每组15只随机分为安静对照组和安静干预组,其余大鼠每天行负重游泳训练连续2h,待复制出确切的运动性蛋白尿模型后随机纳入实验,并按每组15只将其分为过度训练对照组和过度训练干预组。安静对照组和过度训练对照组每日用pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液1.5ml/kg灌胃,安静干预组和过度训练干预组每日灌注粉防己碱30mg/kg,连续用药10d。安静对照组和安静干预组给药期间安静自由喂养,而过度训练对照组和过度训练干预组则需在给药后4h按原方案行负重游泳训练2h。用末端标记法检测各组大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡,采用图像分析仪计算肾脏细胞凋亡率。结果:过度训练对照组尿蛋白持续增高,肾皮质可见大量凋亡细胞,凋亡百分率明显高于其他各组(P<0.01)。过度训练干预组未见尿蛋白持续增高现象,肾组织仅见少量凋亡细胞数,凋亡百分率虽高于安静干预组与安静对照组,但仍明显低于过度训练对照组(P<0.01)。结论:过度训练可导致尿蛋白持续增加和肾脏细胞凋亡,粉防己碱可阻止过量运动所致的肾脏细胞凋亡,进而减轻运动性蛋白尿,对运动性肾损伤有保护作用。 相似文献
16.
短时间力竭运动血清生长激素水平与血糖和血乳酸浓度相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了男性大学生短时间力竭运动前后不同时刻血清GH、BG和LA的浓度。结果显示:短时间力竭运动后即刻BG浓度显著高于运动前安静值(P<0 01);运动后30min、运动后60min时BG浓度与安静值无显著性差异,运动后BG浓度呈恢复趋势;运动后即刻、运动后30min时血液LA水平显著高于运动前安静值(P<0 01),运动后60min时LA水平高于运动前安静值(P<0 05),呈恢复趋势;短时间力竭运动后血液LA浓度的变化与GH浓度的变化呈显著正相关(r=0 83,P<0 01)。研究认为,剧烈运动后血液LA水平与GH水平所表现出的相关性有可能是两者与运动强度的相关,安静时低BG所引起的GH分泌增多取决于中枢对BG代谢的利用性,而非血液BG水平。 相似文献
17.
以澳门成年人为研究对象,将经常参加体育锻炼人群与不锻炼人群的形态、机能和素质进行监测对照,旨在了解两类人群的体质状况及体育锻炼的效果。研究结果表明:男性经常锻炼者的BMI和去脂体重大于不锻炼者;经常锻炼者的心肺功能、力量、灵敏性和柔韧性好于不锻炼者;经常锻炼者体质综合评分显著优于不锻炼者。 相似文献
18.
在全国高校深入学习贯彻落实全国教育大会精神的时代背景下,提出构建普通高校“三全体育”课程体系,即建立供需平衡的“全方位”协同育人机制、打造四纵四横“全成员”课程管理体制、实施五位一体“全过程”教育教学路径。从增加课程修读学时和学分、完善课程学习过程考核和评价机制、明确课外体育跑距锻炼要求、实施运动俱乐部管理、创新课外课程载体路径等方面阐述了全方位、全成员、全过程的“三全体育”课程体系的具体实施路径,继而通过数据对比得出实施“三全体育”课程体系后的成效,并对完善普通高校“三全体育”课程体系提出建议。 相似文献
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20.
太极拳对中老年人心理健康状况影响的实验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用心理测量、实验测试和数理统计等方法,对太极拳锻炼对中老年人心理健康状况影响的机理进行实证性研究。结果显示:进行太极拳锻炼可以延缓中老年人的心理健康衰退,其影响因素包括:生理、心理和社会因素,各个因素是相辅相成、互相影响的,心理和社会健康纬度的效果要明显于生理健康纬度;锻炼组的认知能力优于对照组(最佳反应时除外);长期进行太极拳锻炼更有益于中老年人维持和促进心理健康。建议加强对太极拳健身活动的宣传和组织;太极拳锻炼者最好长期坚持集体锻炼。 相似文献