共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Young children's attitudes toward the disabled: A classroom intervention using children's literature
Mary L. Trepanier-Street Ed. D. Jane A. Romatowski 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,24(1):45-49
With the increasing inclusion of special needs children in regular classrooms, experiences which encourage positive attitudes
toward the disabled are essential. The purpose of this project was: 1) to examine the thinking and attitudes of young children
regarding the capabilities of disabled children and the potential for friendship and 2) to assess the effectiveness of children's
literature and related activities in influencing attitudes toward the disabled. Results suggested that children's attitudes
were generally positive and realistic regarding the capabilities and the potential for friendship with the disabled. The use
of selected children's books and book related activities positively influenced children's attitudes. 相似文献
2.
This paper details findings from an evaluation of a gender-transformative sexual and reproductive health and rights group education programme facilitated with young men aged 15–24 years in South Africa. A total of 475 young men participated in the group education programme. A self-administered pre- and post-questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of the participants, and focus group discussions were facilitated. A total of 265 young men completed both the pre and post-questionnaires. Findings from the surveys as well as the focus group discussions showed positive changes in gender equitable attitudes, contraception and condom use. Results indicate that the young men who participated in the group education learned to identify harmful gender norms and actively questioned these constructs both within their personal lives and in the broader community. The intervention enabled some participants to envision alternative versions of masculinity and femininity, thus enabling them to adopt a new way of being, with transformed attitudes concerning household and gender roles. 相似文献
3.
Melanie McCarry 《Gender and education》2010,22(1):17-30
Whilst public awareness campaigns, interventions and legal reforms have done much to challenge gendered interpersonal violence, the incidence and prevalence of this violence is not decreasing. Furthermore, research with young people reveals significant acceptance and tolerance of interpersonal violence if perpetrated by men within the parameters of an intimate heterosexual relationship. Empirical data from a study with young people in Glasgow will be used in this article to explore young people’s attitudes about gendered interpersonal abuse and violence and young people’s perceptions of gender roles and specifically ‘masculinity’. It is argued that in order to understand the continued tolerance of male abuse/violence, it is necessary to appreciate how young people conceptualise the role of women and men within intimate heterosexual relationships. 相似文献
4.
Implicit and explicit attitudes play crucial roles in teachers’ judgments and behavior and might be part of the reason for the varying school performances of ethnic minority compared with ethnic majority students but also of female compared with male students. In this study, we investigated 80 female and 80 male German secondary school teachers’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward female and male Turkish students, expecting more favorable attitudes toward same-gender students. However, implicit and explicit attitudes toward male and female students were independent of teachers’ gender. An IAT revealed more negative implicit attitudes toward female than male ethnic minority students, while teachers explicitly favored female ethnic minority students. Results are discussed in terms of culturally divergent social norms and gender. 相似文献
5.
How much students feel at home in school predicts academic outcomes. In view of the gender achievement gap, it is worth examining the gendered pattern of this school belonging. Studies on school belonging, however, have barely acknowledged possible obstructive effects of traditional gender role attitudes of individual students and student cultures. This study examines the relationship between gender role attitudes and a sense of school belonging among a sample of 6380 students from 59 Flemish schools at the start of their secondary education. The results of multilevel analyses indicate that boys show less sense of school belonging than girls, as do students with more traditional beliefs about gender roles. Moreover, student attitudes related to gender roles are strongly shared at the school level, so that we can speak of a gender role student culture. Students enrolled in more traditional gender role student cultures reveal less school belonging. 相似文献
6.
A course on gender equity in education: Does it affect gender role attitudes of preservice teachers?
The aim of this study is to investigate if a semester-long course on gender equity in education has an impact on the attitudes of preservice teachers toward gender roles. To this end, a pretest–posttest analysis is carried out in a state university in Ankara, Turkey, employing a sample of 133 preservice teachers; 33 of whom had taken the course and 100 of whom had not. The results reveal that the course has a substantial impact on the attitudes of the preservice teachers. Indeed, the attitudes of the teacher candidates taking the course change considerably at the end of the semester, developing more favorable attitudes toward gender issues. 相似文献
7.
发展心理学中许多关于性别差异的研究发现,女孩在学校适应的很多方面都优于男孩.儿童自我调节能力的性别差异可能是女孩优势的重要原因之一.然而,目前关于儿童自我调节能力性别差异的总结尚不够充分.文章根据自我调节能力在不同年龄阶段儿童中的典型表现形式,对儿童自我调节能力性别差异的相关研究进行了系统的回顾.结果表明,西方研究中普遍发现女孩在婴儿期的模仿和顺从、童年早期的努力控制和良心发展等指标上均优于男孩,但国内研究尚未取得一致结论.最后,对儿童自我调节能力性别差异的成因进行了讨论,并对未来研究方向提出了建议. 相似文献
8.
Research on gender-schematic processing has shown that children often forget and/or distort counterstereotypic information. This process may in part explain the limited impact of past intervention efforts in which children were simply exposed to counterstereotypic information. Here we attempt to reduce schematic-processing distortions by first teaching children decision rules about occupational sorting based not on gender but rather on interests and skills. It was hypothesized that this intervention would lead to greater flexibility in children's beliefs about what men and women can do. Assuming this effect was found, the study was designed to provide an experimental test of the hypothesized relation between attitudes and memory that had been demonstrated only correlationally in previous research. As predicted, the experimental intervention with elementary school children led to a reduction of occupational stereotyping. Children's own occupational aspirations were not, however, significantly affected. Consistent with the hypothesized effect of attitudes on memory, children in the experimental intervention showed superior recall of counterstereotypic information in a later memory test. Results are discussed with respect to the utility of cognitive-developmental theory for planning and evaluating future interventions. 相似文献
9.
彭筱星 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2011,31(2):94-99
善因营销是将企业与非盈利机构,特别是慈善组织相结合,将产品销售与社会问题或公益事业相结合,在为相关事业进行捐赠、资助其发展的同时,达到提高产品销售额,实现企业利润,改善企业社会形象的目的。这是既能提升企业公众形象又能帮助公益事业的双赢策略。近年来许多关于善因营销的研究集中于消费者对于善因营销的普遍态度和感知,但是缺乏对不同年龄段的消费者的具体研究。因此,从性别的角度研究青年消费者对善因营销的态度、感知和购买意向的差异有一定的意义。 相似文献
10.
The last century, in particular the latter half, saw radical shifts in the roles and expectations of women in society. This article investigates the views of 14‐ to 16‐year‐olds in the year 2000 on work and family roles, exploring both their general views on gender roles and their own personal aspirations for the future. In general the young people believed that it was equally important for males and females to get good qualifications at school, to have worthwhile careers and that childcare should be a joint responsibility. They also believed that males and females could do any job they wanted to these days. Their views were tempered, however, by the inequalities that they saw around them in the workplace and in their own families. While young people’s attitudes may have changed, they are still choosing fairly gender‐typical subjects at school and aspiring to different types of occupation. The article concludes that while great strides have been made in changing attitudes towards gender equality, there is still a long way to go before equal opportunities are really achieved. 相似文献
11.
A large literature has shown that children's beliefs and aspirations about occupations reflect cultural gender stereotypes. One channel that may create or sustain occupational stereotypes is language. Two studies were designed to examine whether children interpret occupational titles as gender specific or gender neutral. In Study 1, children (6- to 11-year-olds, N = 64) were asked directly if various job titles could be used for both men and women doing the job. In Study 2, children (6- to 10-year-olds, N = 51) were shown pictures of men and women engaged in job activities and asked which one(s) showed someone who could be called a(n)__. Titles were linguistically unmarked for gender (e.g., doctor), strongly marked (e.g., policeman), or weakly marked (e.g., postmaster). Marked titles were given in masculine and feminine forms. Findings reinforced past work showing that marked titles are exclusionary, revealed that some children harbor confusions about even unmarked titles, and demonstrated the mediating role of individual differences in attitudes. Implications for the changing lexicon and for educational programs are discussed. 相似文献
12.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(4):215-224
Abstract Attitudes and perceptions of teacher behavior regarding students' gender roles were investigated. A questionnaire was administered to 221 Israeli teachers and responses were analyzed according to gender and education setting. Results indicate no extreme egalitarian or chauvinistic responses. In general, elementary school and female teachers gave more gender egalitarian responses to questionnaire items in comparison with male and secondary school teachers. Only 15% of teachers in this sample had attended courses on gender equality. Over 50% of teachers did not respond to the question concerning their school's gender policy. Those findings may reflect a relative lack of teacher awareness concerning the in-depth nature of gender stereotypes and their overall influences. Results may indicate compulsory courses and seminars on gender self-awareness during teacher training. 相似文献
13.
Three studies were conducted to replicate and extend Dweck's findings regarding young children's responses to challenging achievement situations. Dweck's dichotomous helplessness classification system (i.e., task choice, task choice reason) was replicated with kindergartners, n = 235 (50% male), and first graders, n = 70 (46% male). To test whether individual differences in young children's responses to challenging situations are stable over time, 1- and 5-year follow-ups of the kindergartners were conducted. On the basis of children's responses on age-appropriate behavioral tasks, a composite of cognitive, behavioral, and affective helplessness indices predicted helplessness at 1 and 5 years later, n = 114 (50% male), above and beyond kindergarten task ability and gender, p<.05. Kindergarten helplessness predicted teacher ratings of children's helplessness 5 years later as well, p<.05. The implications of these findings for early intervention are discussed. 相似文献
14.
文章探讨大学生择业效能感和职业性别刻板印象的现状以及二者之间的关系,采用择业效能感量表、职业性别刻板印象问卷对贵州省674名大学生进行测试。结果表明：（1）大学生择业效能感在年级、性别因素上均存在差异;（2）大学生的职业性别刻板印象在性别上存在显著的差异,而年级差异不显著;（3）职业性别刻板印象与择业效能感各维度及总体均呈显著正相关;（4）职业性别刻板印象对择业效能总体及自我评价、选择目标、制定计划等三个维度均具有显著的正向预测作用。（5）专业满意度和是否为班干部对大学生择业效能也具有显著的正向预测作用。 相似文献
15.
以严密标准、系统完整、融汇互通的顶层设计为基础,利用"双元制"确保劳动力再生产质量,通过人才素养与劳动力市场的紧密联系来保障就业,德国职业教育与培训体系的优势显著。但职业性别刻板印象仍广泛存在,使德国教育和就业系统中出现显著的性别差异,加剧了德国劳动力市场风险,不利于职业教育与培训体系的持续健康发展。对此,德国发挥学术界先锋作用,利用研究佐证克服职业性别刻板印象的必要性和迫切性;采取结构调整措施增强"双元制"的吸引力,改善职业教育与培训性别差异;并从不同教育阶段着手帮助学生建立性别平等观念,消解职业性别刻板印象的负面影响,全面应对职业性别刻板印象对其职业教育与培训体系带来的挑战。 相似文献
16.
Claudia Pineda Marin Maria Teresa Munoz Sastre Diego Alfonso Murcia Mateo Bernal Castañeda Angie Briceño Hernández 《Sex education》2019,19(5):582-596
The goal of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Colombians with respect to what can and what must not be said to young people of different ages and genders regarding sexuality. A convenience sample of 329 adults, aged 18–64 years, living in Bogotá participated in the study. They were presented with a set of 36 vignettes describing situations in which either a young girl or a young boy seemed to be concerned about sexuality and sexual relationships. Each scenario contained three items of information: the child’s gender, age and the parent’s decision (e.g. not to say anything regarding sexuality). Through cluster analysis, seven qualitatively different sets of attitudes were found. The five most common ones were: (i) it is never appropriate to talk about sexual matters (6%); (ii) delegate this responsibility to the school nurse (4%); (iii) provide incomplete information restricted to the biology of sexuality (11%); (iv) provide comprehensive information but with a recommendation of abstinence (28%); and (v) provide comprehensive information and a recommendation of pre-marital sexual experience (36%). Although it was expected that attitudes would vary as a function of the young person’s gender and age, such variations proved to be limited in their extent. 相似文献
17.
实现男女平等基本国策,不仅要从法律和公共政策层面构建保障男女平等的运行机制,而且更应把推进社会性别意识主流化,消除非制度性性别歧视观念和性别歧视行为作为实现男女平等基本国策的重要环节,着力提高全社会性别意识主流化程度。文章通过分析社会性别意识产生的历史原因和发展趋势、现实社会中人们对性别意识存在的偏差及其表现形式和影响,提出提高社会性别意识主流化程度的基本对策。 相似文献
18.
This paper presents findings from an evaluation of the Computer Clubs for Girls, an initiative originally delivered in the South East of England, designed to encourage more girls to take up information technology (IT) courses and careers. By targeting girls aged 10–14, the club aimed to provide members with a ‘gender relevant’ experience of IT, tackling issues of access, confidence and negative attitudes about IT. The evaluation, conducted over four years, included the collection of quantitative and qualitative data from members and non-members of the clubs. It included a longitudinal component in order to assess the longer-term impacts of the club. The findings support the critical view that initiatives based on assumptions about the relationship between girls and IT misinterpret ‘the problem’ about female under-representation in IT, and are unlikely to have a significant or sustained impact on what remains an occupational and subject area divided by gender typing. The paper argues for an approach which challenges the social and cultural discourses that maintain this gender divide. 相似文献
19.
This prospective study tested with 272 children a structural model of the network of sociocognitive influences that shape children's career aspirations and trajectories. Familial socioeconomic status is linked to children's career trajectories only indirectly through its effects on parents' perceived efficacy and academic aspirations. The impact of parental self-efficacy and aspirations on their children's perceived career efficacy and choice is, in turn, entirely mediated through the children's perceived efficacy and academic aspirations. Children's perceived academic, social, and self-regulatory efficacy influence the types of occupational activities for which they judge themselves to be efficacious both directly and through their impact on academic aspirations. Perceived occupational self-efficacy gives direction to the kinds of career pursuits children seriously consider for their life's work and those they disfavor. Children's perceived efficacy rather than their actual academic achievement is the key determinant of their perceived occupational self-efficacy and preferred choice of worklife. Analyses of gender differences reveal that perceived occupational self-efficacy predicts traditionality of career choice. 相似文献
20.
Sarah P. McGeown Rhona S. Johnston Jo Walker Kathryn Howatson Ann Stockburn Paul Dufton 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):389-402
Background: While there is a considerable body of research exploring the relationship between older primary school children’s reading attitudes, confidence and attainment, there is a noticeable lack of research with younger children. Furthermore, there is relatively little research exploring the extent to which children’s reading attitudes, confidence and attainment are related to their enjoyment of learning to read.Purpose: To understand the relationship between young children’s reading attitudes, reading confidence, enjoyment of learning to read and reading attainment.Sample: Two hundred and three children (103 boys) with an average age of 6 years and 9 months (.32 years standard deviation) participated in this study. Children were from 11 primary schools in England, located within a wide range of socio-economic neighbourhoods.Design and methods: All children completed questionnaires examining their attitudes to reading, reading confidence (using Progress in International Reading Literacy Study items) and enjoyment of learning to read. Children also completed an assessment of word reading. All assessments were administered individually.Results: Children’s attitudes to reading, reading confidence and enjoyment of learning to read correlated with their word reading skill; however, only reading attitudes and reading confidence predicted variance in reading success. With regard to gender differences, girls reported more positive reading attitudes than boys, even after controlling for differences in reading skill.Conclusions: Results highlight that the relationship between children’s reading skills and the affective aspects of learning to read develops from a young age. Therefore, methods of reading instruction need to foster affective aspects of reading, in addition to developing cognitive skills to best support young children’s reading development. 相似文献