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1.
The feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal from municipal sewage were investigated through the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a continuous reactor. CANON process was successfully started up with the transformation of nitrogen into gas by mass-balance analysis. For the synthetic waste-water (up to 480 mg NH4+-N/(L·d)), removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) were about 80% and 55%, respectively, at 1.25 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For the secondary effluent of municipal sewage, the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N and TN were below 5 mg/L and 9 mg/L, respectively. It is in accordance with the water quality standard for scenic environment with the reuse of urban recycling water (GB/T 18921-2002).  相似文献   

2.
采用循环式生物曝气滤池工艺（CBAF）,对炼油碱性污水硫化物进行了预处理实验研究,初步探讨其去除机理。研究了不同水力停留时间（HRT）、溶解氧（DO）、pH等对污水中硫化物的影响。当水力停留时间为32h,溶解氧不小于2mg·L^-1,pH范围在5～8时,硫化物平均去除率达到99．5％,且循环式生物曝气滤池工艺处理效果好．运行稳定。  相似文献   

3.
The optimal operation conditions in an anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) bioreactor were investigated. The maximal removal rates for sulfide and nitrate were found to be 4.18 kg/(m3·d) and 1.73 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The volumetrical volumetric loading rates (LRs) observed through decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) at fixed substrate concentration are higher than those by increasing substrate concentration at fixed HRT. The sulfide oxidation in ASO reactor was partially producing both sulfate and sulfur; but the amount of sulfate produced was approximately one third that of sulfur. The process was able to tolerate high sulfide concentration, as the sulfide removal percentage always remained near 99% when influent concentration was up to 580 mg/L. It tolerated relatively lower nitrate concentration because the removal percentage dropped to 85% when influent con- centration was increased above 110 mg/L. The process can tolerate shorter HRT but careful operation is needed. Nitrate conversion was more sensitive to HRT than sulfide conversion since the process performance deteriorated abruptly when HRT was decreased from 3.12 h to 2.88 h. In order to avoid nitrite accumulation in the reactor, the influent sulfide and nitrate concentrations should be kept at 280 mg/L and 67.5 mg/L respectively. Present biotechnology is useful for removing sulfides from sewers and crude oil.  相似文献   

4.
Urban wastewater treatment techniques could not be applied to improve the pollutant removal efficiency,due to its characteristics of closed and quiescent conditions of the static lake water.In this study,natural zeolite and coal cinder were chosen as filler compounds of the ecological filter.Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to study the remediation efficiency.Experimental data show that removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen （NH ＋ 4 -N） reaches 85% in both static and dynamic patterns and its removal efficiency reaches 97% when the recycling period is 1 h in dynamic condition.The maximum removal efficiency of nitrite nitrogen （NO-2 -N） reached 98%,and the removal efficiency of total nitrogen （TN） is a maximum of 84%.The final effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） is 0.079 mg/L.Effluent recycling could improve the nutrient （N,P） removal efficiently.Dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration could remain high with the water cycling.The filter works efficiently on regulating pH to the standard level of healthy water.  相似文献   

5.
The effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate and ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal-activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release rates were 1.7, 7.8, and 3.5 mg P/(g MLVSS·h) (MLVSS: mixed liquor volatile suspended solids), respectively, for dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and nitrite. In the case of ethanol, no phosphate release was observed in the presence of electron acceptors. Results of the experiments with nitrite showed that approximately 25 mg NO2-N/L of nitrite inhibited anoxic phosphorus uptake regardless of the concentration of the tested external carbon sources. Furthermore, higher denitrification rates were obtained with acetate (1.4 and 0.8 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) compared to ethanol (1.1 and 0.7 mg N/(g MLVSS·h)) for both anoxic electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite).  相似文献   

6.
在处理制革废水中常用SBR工艺,试验探讨了不同HRT、进水pH、COD负荷、NH3-N浓度、活性污泥浓度的运行参数,研究SBR工艺处理制革废水的最优运行参数．结果表明：SBR反应器在进水COD为1500～2000mg／L、NH3-N为150～250mg／L、pH为7．5、运行污泥浓度在3．0g／L左右、曝气时间为18h时COD去除率能达到95％左右,NH3-N去除率达到97％左右,其出水能够达到一级出水标准．  相似文献   

7.
为了快速培养出能同时去除生活污水中化学需氧量(COD)和氮的微氧颗粒污泥,采用膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器接种污水处理厂剩余污泥,研究了微氧颗粒污泥的培养过程以及稳定运行条件下供氧量对处理效果和污泥性能的影响。结果表明,水力停留时间(HRT)为6h,微氧颗粒污泥的成功培养仅需1个月;供氧速率在2.83.2gO2/d,COD,NH3-N和总氮(TN)的去除率最高分别可达91%,85%和81%,脱氮速率达1.7gN/d,出水水质最佳;成熟的微氧颗粒污泥粒径集中在0.453.2gO2/d,COD,NH3-N和总氮(TN)的去除率最高分别可达91%,85%和81%,脱氮速率达1.7gN/d,出水水质最佳;成熟的微氧颗粒污泥粒径集中在0.452mm,当供氧速率低于2.3gO2/d时,颗粒污泥结构致密,供氧速率在2.32mm,当供氧速率低于2.3gO2/d时,颗粒污泥结构致密,供氧速率在2.33.2gO2/d时,污泥性能稳定,供氧速率增加到3.2gO2/d时,污泥沉降性能下降,并出现颗粒解体和丝状菌生长优势。  相似文献   

8.
The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest.The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists.Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters.Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control.Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future.This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.  相似文献   

9.
研究了组合工艺(高温55℃UASB反应器一常温三相好氧生物流化床)对含盐偶氮染料活性嫩黄X-6G的去除能效。试验结果表明:在水温为55℃,运行周期120d,水力停留时间18h的条件下,此工艺对于CODCr为600～1 000mg/L,含盐量为25～35g/L,活性嫩黄X-6G的浓度为40～50mg/L的染料废水,染料及CODCr的去除率可达80%～90%。  相似文献   

10.
为了提高氧化沟脱氮除磷的效果,提出了改良型氧化沟工艺,并且进行了碳源投加量对除磷脱氮的影响的试验验证.首先,给出了合肥市某污水处理厂的工程概况,并且提出了试验材料与方法.其次,分析了改良型氧化沟工艺在该污水处理厂运行效果,试验表明：（1）碳源投加量越大,释磷量越大;（2）在厌氧时污泥释磷越充分,曝气时吸磷量越大,在曝气180min后,80mg/L碳源污泥吸磷量明显小于160mg/L碳源污泥吸磷量;（3）在180min,C：N=5：1时,其硝酸盐含量和亚硝酸盐含量均小于C：N=3：1时的含量,碳源越充足,硝化反硝化效果越好,最终TN含量越小.  相似文献   

11.
To explore the applicability of anoxic-oxic （A/O） activated sludge process for petrochemical wastewater treatment, the relationship between bacterial community structure and pollutants loading/removal efficiencies was investigated by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） and other conventional techniques. It showed that when the concentrations of the influent chemical oxygen demand （COD） and ammonia nitrogen （NH4＋^-N） were 420-560 mg/L and 64-100 mg/L, respectively, the corresponding average effluent concentrations were 160 mg/L and 55 mg/L, which were 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than those of the national standards in China, respectively, demonstrating the inefficient performances of A/O process. Analysis of GC-MS indicated that refractory pollutants were mainly removed by sludge adsorption, but not by biodegradation. PCR-DGGE profile analysis suggested that the biological system was species-rich, but there was apparent succession of the bacterial community structure in different locations of the A/O system. Variations of bacterial community structure and pollutant loadings had obvious influences on pollutants removal efficiencies. Thus, A/O process was inapplicable for the treatment of complicated petrochemical wastewater, and strategies such as the reinforcement of pre-treatment and two-stage A/O process were suggested.  相似文献   

12.
论述了总有效容积2000m3的新型UASB装置,在中温条件下处理高浓度木薯酒精废水的启动运行和污泥含量控制的过程．当反应器稳定运行时,容积负荷可达7kgCOD／（m3·d）,水力停留时间为2d,污泥保持量在30％-41;％,COD去除率达95％以上,出水COD小于500mg／L．  相似文献   

13.
INTRODUCTION Chromium is a commonly identified soils andgroundwater contaminant. Cr(VI) is toxic, carcino-genic, and has great subsurface mobility. In contrast,Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and immobile. Muchresearch focused on the remediation of Cr(VI) such asadsorption by zeolites (Bowman, 2003) or silicas(Hideaki et al., 2002), chemical reduction by ferrousiron (Buerge and Hug, 1999; Fendorf and Li, 1996) orzero-valent iron (Powell and Puls, 1997; Alowitz andScherer, 2002), b…  相似文献   

14.
Performance of biological phosphorus removal in the oxic-settling-anaerobic （OSA） process was investigated. Cell staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） were used to analyze characteristics and microbial community of sludge. Experimental results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency was near 60% and the amount of biological phosphorus accumulation in aerobic sludge of the OSA system was up to 26.9 mg/g. Biological phosphorus removal efficiency was partially inhibited by carbon sources in the continuous OSA system. Contrasted to the OSA system, biological phosphorus removal efficiency was enhanced by 14% and the average total phosphorus （TP） contents of aerobic sludge were increased by 0.36 mg/g when sufficient carbon sources were supplied in batch experiments. Staining methods indicated that about 35% of microorganisms had typical characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs）. FISH analysis demonstrated that PAOMIX-binding bacteria were predominant microbial communities in the OSA system, which accounted for around 28% of total bacteria.  相似文献   

15.
The effectiveness of vitamin C in treating Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated water is being evaluated. Cr(Ⅵ) is an identified pollutant of some soils and groundwater. Vitamin C, an important biological reductant in humans and animals, can be used to transform Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). The removal efficiency was 89% when the mass concentration of vitamin C was 80 mg/L in 60 min, and nearly 100% Cr(Ⅵ) was removed when the mass concentration was 100 mg/L. Our data demonstrated that the removal efficiency was affected by vitamin C concentration, the reaction temperature and the dissolved oxygen concentration.The reaction mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) by vitamin C was presented. Our study opens the way to use vitamin C to remediate Cr(Ⅵ)-contaminated soils and groundwater.  相似文献   

16.
题目：改良型多介质土壤渗滤系统对甲鱼养殖废水的净化效果研究
　　目的：通过向多介质土壤渗滤系统（MSL）的土壤层添加污泥,研究改进后的系统对工厂化甲鱼养殖废水的处理效果,分析系统内微生物群落的变化,以期部分揭示其可能的作用机理。
　　创新点：工厂化甲鱼养殖废水排放量日益增大,且水体氨氮含量较高。目前市场上缺乏针对甲鱼养殖废水的处理技术,MSL系统对该废水的处理也未有报道。本文在 MSL 系统的基础上进行改良,并将其应用于甲鱼养殖废水处理上,提出一套有效的甲鱼养殖废水处理技术,并对 MSL 系统内微生物群落结构进行了分析。
　　方法：向4套MSL小试装置中分别添加0%、5%、10%和20%污泥,研究其对工厂化甲鱼养殖废水的净化效果。试验中水质指标测定均按国家标准方法进行,系统内微生物群落结构采用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）法测定。
　　结论：MSL系统可有效地处理工厂化甲鱼养殖废水,向系统中添加20%污泥后处理效果更佳。添加20%污泥的系统内具有较高的硝化类细菌多样性和都较多的生物量。  相似文献   

17.
以梅州文化公园景观湖的底泥为研究对象,考察了水体扰动、上覆水初始磷浓度、水温、溶解氧浓度、铝盐浓度等因素对底泥磷释放的影响.结果表明,水体扰动、水温升高会增加底泥中磷的释放量;水中的溶解氧对底泥释磷有显著影响,较高的溶解氧浓度抑制磷的释放,较低的溶解氧则有利于底泥中磷释放;水中铝盐浓度大于1.00 mg/L时能够抑制底泥中磷的释放.底泥释磷存在一个临界浓度(0.55mg/L),当上覆水中磷浓度高于0.55mg/L时,底泥从水中吸附磷;当水中的磷低于0.55mg/L时,底泥向水中释放磷.  相似文献   

18.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest. The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists. Meanwhile, the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters. Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) have been developed, and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control. Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will accelerate application of the process in future. This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process. Project supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA06Z332), and the Science and Technology Foundation for Key Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2003C13005), China  相似文献   

19.
An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge was started up with its COD removal performance, self-balancing of pH, biogas production rate and characteristics of the granular sludge during the start-up period being investigated. The results indicated that the EGSB reactor can be started up successfully in 27 d by increasing the organic loading rate rapidly. The removal efficiency of COD was maintained above 93% with influent COD concentration of 25 000 mg/L and OL...  相似文献   

20.
构建了一种连续流无膜人工湿地-微生物燃料电池,其水力停留时间为 2 d. 系统以葡萄糖为基质启动2 ～ 3 d 后,在外接电阻为 1 kΩ时,其稳定输出电流密度高于 2 A /m3,同时,COD 去除率大于 90% . 比较了阴阳极间距为 10,20,30 和 40 cm 的系统. 当间距为 20 cm 时,系统的产电电压、库仑效率和能量密度皆最高,分别为 560 mV,0. 313% 和 0. 149 W /m3,且 COD 去除率也为最高,达到 94. 9%. 此外,各系统中的 DO最低浓度均出现在装置中部. 结果表明,COD 去除率越高,系统产能越高,因而库仑效率也越高. 人工湿地-微生物燃料电池系统作为一种低成本及环境友好的污水处理同步产电技术显示出实际应用潜力.  相似文献   

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