共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
目的：研究我国优秀女子水球运动员身体成分与身体机能特点,为水球运动的发展提供研究和实践参考。方法：采用BODPOD空气置换法,对自我国5支省代表队的55名优秀女子水球运动员进行体成分与身体机能测试,并按照运动等级的不同进行统计分析。结果：55名运动员的体脂百分比（％）为24．02±4．86;健将级运动员比一级运动员的体重、握力与台阶指数都明显较大,差异具显著性（p〈0．05）,其它机能指标不具显著差异;我国优秀女子水球运动员的体脂百分比我国优秀女子游泳运动员高。结论：本研究提供了一些反映女子水球运动体质要求特点的测试数据;发现女子水球运动员有较高的体脂含量,应控制身体脂肪含量;健将级运动员比一级运动员体重更大,有更强的心肺功能与上肢力量。 相似文献
2.
不同锻炼水平女生骨密度和身体成分的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨不同锻炼水平女大学生骨密度（BMD）和身体成分的相关关系。方法：利用骨密度仪和人体成分分析仪对体育学院的女大学生28名（规律锻炼组），非体育学院同年级的29名（对照组）进行跟踪测定骨密度和身体成分。结果：规律锻炼组骨密度T值、体重、肌肉和瘦体重（FFM）高于对照组（P〈0．05），脂肪百分比（fat％）、腰臀比（WHR）低于对照组（P〈0．05）；骨密度T值与肌肉、FFM呈显著性正相关；与fat％呈显著性负相关。逐步回归分析表明，对女大学生骨密度T值有影响的因素为肌肉和fat％。结论：规律锻炼提高女大学生骨密度水平主要是通过运动增加肌肉水平来实现的；而体脂在体重中的比重增加会降低骨密度。 相似文献
3.
合理的运动及营养处方对老年人体成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实验法，分析合理的运动及营养处方对老年人体成分的影响。结果显示：采用合理运动处方进行体育锻炼，对老年人体重指数的正常范围和超重范围、腹部脂肪比率正常和超量、人体营养成分中的脂肪及无机盐含量、身体左侧上下肢、躯干肌肉力量的影响存在显著性差异（P〈0．01），对老年人体重的肥胖范围与右侧上、下肢肌肉力量的影响存在差异（P〈0．05）；采用合理运动处方和合理营养处方相结合的方法进行体育锻炼与合理饮食，对老年人体重指数的正常、超重、肥胖，腹部脂肪比率正常和超量，人体各种营养成分、身体左侧上下肢、躯干、右侧上肢的肌肉力量有显著影响（P〈0．01），对老年人腹部脂肪比率严重超量、身体右侧下肢的肌肉力量存在影响（P〈0．05）。提示：后一种方法比前一种方法更明显地影响老年人体重指数、腹部脂肪含量，使其体内蛋白质、脂肪、水、无机盐含量恢复正常。 相似文献
4.
身高标准体重指标与大学生身体成分的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为探讨身高标准体重指标与身体成分的关系，以220名普通大学生（男女各110名）为实验对象，通过测量其身高、体重与身体成分，结果发现身高标准体重指标与身体成分之间相关性极低（P〉0．05），而体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比和腰臀比（WHR）与身体成分有高度相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：（1）《大学生体质健康标准》中身高标准体重指标不能客观有效地评价身体成分；（2）建议在《大学生体质健康标准》中，评价身体成分的指标宜选体脂百分比、BMI和WHR，首选为体脂百分比。 相似文献
5.
目的：旨在了解高考压力下,青春发育后期体育考生和非体育考生的身体机能状况,重点探讨四项素质训练对体育考生身体成分产生的影响。方法：采用韩国杰文VENUS5.5体成分分析仪分别对受试者进行9月份及次年4月份体育高考后的测试。结果：男、女两实验组训练前后身体成分脂肪重量、体脂百分比、腰臀比训练后降低,肌肉含量增高;而两对照组训练前后身体成分各指标变化无显著性差异。实验组与对照组比较,身体水分、脂肪重量、矿物质、体脂百分比、腰臀比有显著性差异,p〈0.05。结论：1.四项素质锻炼对青春后期体育考生身体成分脂肪含量、体脂百分比、腰臀比和肌肉重量影响较大,而对体重指数影响不大。2.体育考生和非体育考生尽管发育及营养正常,但运动方式的不同,将会对身体成分产生不同的影响。 相似文献
6.
目的：本研究通过对比研究长期参加体育锻炼与久坐中青年士性的身体成分和量质状况,探究体育锻炼对于改善中青年女性身体成分和量质状况的作用。方法：本研究将34名受试者分为两组,一组为体育锻炼组（exercise group,EG,17人）,另一组为久坐组（sedentary group ,5G,17人）。分别测试两组受试者身体成分和骨密度指标。结果：EG教师体内水分含量、肌肉含量、蚕白质、无机盐、体脂肪、体脂百分比和骨密度指标明卫好高于SG（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。两组教师身体质量参文和腰臀比无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论：EG的身体成分和骨密度指标明量好于SG,提示中青年女性可通过规律性的运动,来最防肥胖、骨质疏松等疾病,从而达到改善体质水平。 相似文献
7.
中国优秀男子柔道运动员身体成分特征及与无氧代谢能力关系的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目的：探讨我国优秀男子柔道运动员身体成分特征及与无氧代谢能力的关系。方法：以中国国家男子柔道队59名优秀运动员为研究对象．采用InBody3．0多频分段生物电阻抗身体成分测试仪（韩国Biospace公司）进行身体成分的测定，采用30s Wingate测定无氧代谢能力。结果：我国优秀男子柔道运动员身体成分特点为低体脂率，高瘦体重；体脂百分比、瘦体重和肌肉重量等指标表现出明显的体重级别特征；与拳击、跆拳道、摔跤等项目运动员相比，体脂百分比较低，瘦体重，体重、肌肉重量，体重比值较高。同时，健将运动员肌肉的爆发力和速度耐力均优于一级运动员；体重、瘦体重、肌肉重量和蛋白总量都与PP、AP和Pd呈高度正相关，同时肌肉重量与PP和AP表现出更高的相关性。结论：我国优秀男子柔道运动员身体成分具有明显的项目特征，同时运动员的最大做功和运动能力与肌肉的体积关系密切。 相似文献
8.
目的：研究柔术运动员亚高原训练前后身体机能和体成分变化的特征，为柔术项目亚高原训练数据化监控和精准化实施提供科学指导。方法：以14名柔术运动员为研究对象，在亚高原训练前后对血液生化指标和体成分进行监控。结果：亚高原训练后男子运动员红细胞和血红蛋白显著升高，女子运动员网织红细胞数量显著升高；男子和女子运动员亚高原训练后肌酸激酶均显著下降，男子运动员血尿素显著下降，睾酮值显著升高；男子运动员亚高原训练后体重、体脂肪含量均有下降，去脂体重略有上升，女子运动员的体重、体脂肪含量、身体质量指数和体脂率显著下降，去脂体重无变化。运动员左右肢肌肉量均衡性均无显著性差异，亚高原训练后男子运动员各部位肌肉量百分比均有所增加，女子运动员节段脂肪均显著下降。结论：亚高原训练可促进柔术运动员携氧能力和骨髓造血功能的提高；柔术运动员在亚高原训练中机能状态良好，男子运动员合成代谢能力优于女子运动员；柔术运动员亚高原训练后体重均出现了下降，女子运动员下降更明显，且更多的是体脂肪的减少；柔术运动员亚高原训练监控中需注意身体机能和体成分的变化，关注营养状况及水分的及时补充。 相似文献
9.
本文针对中国国家级社会体育指导员与同龄普通人群身体成分的差异进行研究。方法：主要通过使用韩国产zeus9．9身体成分分析仪对160名社会指导员和160名普通人群的身体成分进行测试．并且对测试结果进行统计性分析。结果：男性实验纽在脂肪重量、脂肪百分比和瘦体重均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）;男性实验组内脏脂肪面积、肌肉量和矿物质含量均明显优于对照组,且存在非常显著的差异（P〈0．01）;女性实验组脂肪百分比、基础代谢率均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）;女性实验组脂肪重量、内脏脂肪面积、肌肉量和矿物质含量均明显优于对照组．且存在非常显著的差异（P〈O．01）。结论：国家级社会指导员身体成分指标要明显优于同龄普通人群。为从事社会体育的指导工作提供了必要的保障． 相似文献
10.
优秀女子健身运动员体成分及其分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用先进“Biospace”身体成份分析仪 ,通过对优秀女子健身运动员体成分特征其分布特征的研究 ,发现 :优秀女子健身运动员体脂及比率、体脂 /体重比值、肥胖度、腹部脂肪比率、总体液及比率、躯干体液及比率与正常人无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;蛋白质及比率、瘦体重及比率、无脂体重及比率、无机质含量及比率均高于正常人 ,且具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;细胞内液、细胞内液 /外液比值均高于正常人 ,具有显著性差异 (P<0 0 5 )。细胞外液及比率低于正常人 ,具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) 相似文献
11.
Validity and reliability of body composition assessed by the sulphur hexafluoride dilution method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 +/- 0.06 m, mass 64.8 +/- 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 +/- 0.05 m, mass 55.2 +/- 6.2 kg; mean +/- s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 +/- 7.6 litres, 18.4 +/- 6.7%; females: 52.8 +/- 6.9 litres, 21.0 +/- 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 +/- 7.0 litres, 15.6 +/- 3.5%; females: 53.0 +/- 6.5 litres, 23.7 +/- 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two (r = 0.997, P < 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference = -0.12 +/- 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and -13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber. 相似文献
12.
Ron Maughan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):663-664
The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 - 0.06 m, mass 64.8 - 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 - 0.05 m, mass 55.2 - 6.2 kg; mean - s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&;D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 - 7.6 litres, 18.4 - 6.7%; females: 52.8 - 6.9 litres, 21.0 - 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 - 7.0 litres, 15.6 - 3.5%; females: 53.0 - 6.5 litres, 23.7 - 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two ( r = 0.997, P ? 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference =- 0.12 - 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and-13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber. 相似文献
13.
There is a large residual volume (RV) error when assessing percent body fat by means of hydrostatic weighing. It has generally been measured before hydrostatic weighing. However, an individual's maximal exhalations on land and in the water may not be identical. The aims of this study were to compare residual volumes and vital capacities on land and when immersed to the neck in water, and to examine the influence of the measurement error on percent body fat. The participants were 20 healthy Japanese males and 20 healthy Japanese females. To assess the influence of the RV error on percent body fat in both conditions and to evaluate the cross-validity of the prediction equation, another 20 males and 20 females were measured using hydrostatic weighing. Residual volume was measured on land and in the water using a nitrogen wash-out technique based on an open-circuit approach. In water, residual volume was measured with the participant sitting on a chair while the whole body, except the head, was submerged . The trial-to-trial reliabilities of residual volume in both conditions were very good (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.98). Although residual volume measured under the two conditions did not agree completely, they showed a high correlation (males: 0.880; females: 0.853; P < 0.05). The limits of agreement for residual volumes in both conditions using Bland-Altman plots were -0.430 to 0.508 litres. This range was larger than the trial-to-trial error of residual volume on land (-0.260 to 0.304 litres). Moreover, the relationship between percent body fat computed using residual volume measured in both conditions was very good for both sexes (males: r = 0.902; females: r = 0.869, P < 0.0001), and the errors were approximately -6 to 4% (limits of agreement for percent body fat: -3.4 to 2.2% for males; -6.3 to 4.4% for females). We conclude that if these errors are of no importance, residual volume measured on land can be used when assessing body composition. 相似文献
14.
运用生物电阻抗法对成年人人体成分的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用生物电阻抗法对不同年龄组人体身体成分进行测试。生物电阻抗法根据人体体内各组织成分确定营养状况,优于其他常规测定方法。测试结果显示:中年组的人体细胞内、外液、蛋白质含量、肌肉量和骨矿物质量的平均值最大,与青年组和老年组都有显著性差异; 而男性中年组的脂肪量和脂肪率的平均值与老年组差别不大,女性中、老年组的脂肪量差别也不大,但脂肪率有显著性差异,而老年组与青年组的脂肪量和脂肪率都有显著性差异(P<0.01)。同时结合测量基本的人体参数计算腰臀比和体重指数,发现老年人脂肪量的增加主要在腰部堆积,增加了因肥胖导致各种疾病的产生可能性。 相似文献
15.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):153-161
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy and reliability of whole-body volume, body density, and percent body fat calculated from body volume without the head (V NH), as assessed by hydrostatic weighing without head submersion and predicted head volume (pV H) based on head parameters, as compared with standard hydrostatic weighing. Participants comprised 29 males and 27 females aged 17–26 years. Head volume was predicted from anthropometric head parameters using a prediction equation. Underwater weights with/without head submersion were measured five times. The reliability of underwater weighing without head submersion was very good (intraclass correlation coefficient: males=0.998, females=0.998) as was that for traditional head submersion. The relationship between the sum of V NH and pV H and the whole-body volume measured by hydrostatic weighing was very high (males=0.998, females=0.999), and their values were very similar with an error range of 300–400 ml. Although percent body fat assessed from the sum of V NH and pV H showed a slight scatter of 2–3% from the identity line of percent body fat assessed by hydrostatic weighing, the relationships for both sexes were very strong (males=0.918, females=0.957). The errors (2 standard deviations) as determined by Bland-Altman plots between the two methods were ?3.2 to 2.6% in males and ?2.3 to 2.8% in females. There was no significant bias in percent body fat estimated by the two methods (hydrostatic weighing with/without head submersion), and the sum of V NH and pV H could validly estimate body composition, regardless of physical size. It is suggested that hydrostatic weighing without head submersion is a valid and convenient alternative technique. 相似文献
16.
Angela Mooney Laurel Kelsey Gilbert W. Fellingham James D. George Ron L. Hager J. William Myrer 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(1):2-17
To determine the validity and reliability of percent body fat estimates in 177 boys and 154 girls between 12–17 years of age, percent body fat was assessed once using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and twice using the sum of two skinfolds and three bioelectrical impedance analysis devices. The assessments were repeated on 79 participants on a second day. The agreement between the percent body fat estimates from the four prediction methods and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using Bland–Altman analyses and a mixed linear model. All methods were reliable within and between days. The sum of two skinfolds (±6.8% body fat), OMRON (OMRON Healthcare Inc., Vernon Hills, Illinois, USA) bioelectrical impedance analysis (0 ± 7.3% body fat), and TANITA 521 (TANITA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) bioelectrical impedance analysis (±7.6% body fat) had wide prediction intervals and are acceptable for use in large population-based studies. The TANITA 300A bioelectrical impedance analysis is not recommended for use in children and adolescents due to its wide prediction interval (±8.1% body fat) and large bias. A criterion method should be used when the accurate assessment of body composition of an individual is critical. 相似文献
17.
目的探讨8周高强度间歇训练(High Intensity Interval Training,HIIT)对男子赛艇公开级运动员血红蛋白和身体成分的影响。方法某省16名男子赛艇公开级运动员作为研究对象,采取随机抽样的方式分成对照组和高强度间歇组(HIIT组),每组各8例。连续8周对照组采用一般日常训练,HIIT组增加高强度间歇训练。比较训练前后两组血红蛋白和身体成分指标变化情况。结果 HIIT组8名队员训练前后血红蛋白水平有显著提高(P<0.05),对照组不显著(P>0.05);体重和脂肪百分比含量下降,对照组显著(p<0.05),HIIT组极显著(p<0.01);而瘦体重和去脂体重,HIIT组有显著增加(p<0.05),对照组变化不明显(p>0.05)。结论 8周HIIT训练能明显提高赛艇男子公开级运动员血红蛋白水平,并显著降低体脂,增加瘦体重和去脂体重。 相似文献