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1.
From 1942 to 1958, a national weekly programme on CBS radio and presented by Science Service, Inc. devoted 37 of its broadcasts to profiling American high school students’ achievements in science talent searches, clubs and fairs. These “Adventures in Science” radio programmes cast scientifically talented youth as potential contributors to national goals in the hopes of eliciting greater public appreciation of science and science education. This characterisation reflected meritocratic and democratic justifications for American science education. First, the host of this series and director of Science Service, Watson Davis, argued that these students could someday become elite scientists to help compensate for the perceived scientific manpower shortages during World War Two and the postwar era. As a result, listeners of these programmes should value these talented boys and girls, because the potential military applications of their research could safeguard the nation from external threats. Second, journalistic intermediaries such as Davis and announcers at local broadcast sites presented the importance of students’ scientific work in practical terms: as commercial and domestic products to be evaluated and consumed by democratic citizens. Listeners should therefore appreciate the contributions of science and science education to their everyday lives, material comforts and a vibrant consumer economy – especially in the postwar era. This article concludes that these popular radio programmes demonstrate that the enlistment of science education for national political and economic agendas both during and after the Second World War well preceded the US government’s curricular response to the launching of Sputnik with the National Defense Education Act of 1958. 相似文献
2.
ABSTRACT: The structural reforms of the education system in France (1959, 1963, and 1975) were part both of a global process of democratisation of education launched after the Second World War and of a larger modernisation project in which knowledge producers (experts, scholars and consultants) played a crucial role. Instead of a national approach or a world system approach to education reforms I propose a neo-Weberian glocal perspective that focuses on knowledge producers as a status group, education discourse structuration and education global networks; this perspective integrates national contexts and their peculiarities in the analysis without losing sight of the global forces. Global education networks centered in international organisations – such as UNESCO and the OECD – in which French knowledge-producers were largely involved, adopted a discourse inspired by the American school model that was adopted by scholars in different countries. The reformist network, in which scholars, experts and policy makers participated, enhanced reformist discourse structuration in the knowledge-production institutions (universities and national institutes) around social problems such as 'technological and scientific lag', 'inequality of opportunity', and 'disenchantment from the education system', thus, fostering transformations of the French education system. 相似文献
3.
黄晓灵 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2009,35(3):144-147
英国的学校体育课程改革受政治、经济、文化和教育等因素的影响。二战后英国政府对学校体育课程进行了一系列卓有成效的改革,学校体育课程彰显国家控制与教师自主的平衡、课程灵活性与统一性的协调及综合性的特征。 相似文献
4.
Julia Resnik 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):385-402
Only since the 1990s has the impact of globalisation on education drawn scholarly attention, primarily due to the impact of international school achievement surveys. This study argues that the globalisation of education began much earlier, with the establishment of intergovernmental agencies, such as UNESCO and the OECD, and the adoption of American educational models after the Second World War. The neo‐Weberian perspective I propose focuses on knowledge producers and education global networks and incorporates an analysis of the specific national context and their peculiarities without losing sight of the globalisation process and its homogenising character. Knowledge producers constitute a status group that increases its social and academic capital through advancing global education models locally. The analysis of reforms in the education systems of France and Israel after the Second World War shows how the diffusion of global educational models that stress equality of opportunity enhanced local transformations and affected national policies. Such an analysis elaborates the process whereby knowledge producers, linked to global networks, constructed ‘social problems’ according to the education knowledge production institutionalised in each country and the socio‐politic conditions of each society, and how their alliance with highly ranked functionaries brought about structural reforms aiming at the ‘democratisation of education’ in France and Israel. 相似文献
5.
小学科学教育是以培养学生综合科学素养的一门课程,要求小学科学地教学这目的能够使学生运用科学知识去解决实际问题。这为小学科学的教学方式设立了相关的准绳,即科学与现实生活是不可割裂的整体,在教学中要将两者紧密结合,注重培养学生解决实际问题的能力。 相似文献
6.
生活适应运动是第二次世界大战之后在美国出现的旨在中等教育领域进一步实践进步主义教育理念的教育改革运动,其中课程改革是其核心环节——“伊利诺伊中等学校课程计划”与巴特克里中学的“基本生活”计划是其最为著名的两项改革措施。它强调“社会效率”,强调“中等教育要满足青少适应生活之需求”,是进步主义运动中“效率中心”在第二次世界大战之后的重要表现;最终实现了美国中学的大众化,完成了中学运动;是美国教育史上“知识民主化”的一次重要尝试。 相似文献
7.
Elaine V. Howes 《科学教学研究杂志》2002,39(9):845-869
Implicit in the goal of recent reforms is the question: What does it mean to prepare teachers to teach “science for all”? Through a teacher research study, I have encountered characteristics that may assist prospective elementary teachers in developing effective, inclusive science instruction. I describe these strengths, link them to requirements for teaching, and suggest how science teacher educators might draw on the strengths of their own students to support teaching practices aimed at universal scientific literacy. My conceptual framework is constructed from scholarship concerning best practice in elementary science education, as well as that which describes the dispositions of successful teachers of diverse learners. This study is based on a model of teacher research framed by the concept of “research as praxis” and phenomenological research methodology. The findings describe the research participants' strengths thematically as propensity for inquiry, attention to children, and awareness of school/society relationships. I view these as potentially productive aspects of knowledge and dispositions about science and about children that I could draw on to further students' development as elementary science teachers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 845–869, 2002 相似文献
8.
Felicia Moore Mensah 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(4):977-983
In this commentary, I discuss how policy initiatives play out in two different contexts for elementary school teachers yet
produce very similar outcomes regarding teachers’ professional development and school science learning for elementary students.
Ironically, the outcomes that we want see in elementary school science learning and professional development are not realized
when policies are introduced that distract from practices that were working prior to new reforms. 相似文献
9.
面对第一、二次世界大战的历史教训, 引发一次又一次的学校音乐教育改革。面对声学环境的变化和外来音乐文化的涌入, 再一次引发了学校音乐教育改革。本文以德国学校音乐教育改革为主线, 阐述了德国学校音乐教育的发展及其启示 相似文献
10.
“生物化学”是高等学校生命科学相关专业都需要开设的专业主干课程,“生物化学”课程体系和课程内涵中蕴含了专业思想政治教育的知识点,在课程知识传授的教学活动中,将课程专业知识与思想政治教育有机融合,有利于在当代高等教育中开展学生科学精神、辩证唯物观、家国情怀、爱国主义、文化自信和体制自信等思想政治育人相关的专业思想政治教育。就“生物化学”课程内涵体系及其中的专业知识点与思想政治教育要义之间的相关性,以及“生物化学”课程教学中将专业知识传授与思想政治教育有机融合的必要性和重要意义进行个性化阐述,为高等学校生命科学相关专业的主干课程——“生物化学”教学融合课程思政教育提供一些拙见。 相似文献
11.
日本明治初期，为了培养小学教师建立了师范教育制度，随后又根据国家发展的需要，制定了一系列有关师范教育的法律和政策。二战后，本科学历小学教师的培养为其普及基础教育、提高国民学力、促进经济发展提供了有效的保障。 相似文献
12.
Teachers' understanding of the nature of science(NOS) and science inquiry (SI) can be linked to the use of the teaching methods advocated by the currentscience education reforms. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an elementary science methodscourse in which the NOS and SI are embedded and explicitly taught. As a result of the course, incomingconceptions of science as primarily a body of knowledge changed to a more appropriate, blended view of science as abody of knowledge generated through the active application of scientific inquiry. 相似文献
13.
Ingrid Brühwiler 《History of education》2015,44(2):171-186
As a neutral and multilingual country, Switzerland struggled with major domestic political conflicts during the First World War due to the two cultures of the French-speaking and German-speaking parts of the country. The divided cultural loyalties (‘fossé moral’, ‘Röstigraben’), consisting of Swiss-Germans supporting Germany and Swiss-French supporting France, were discussed intensively in both of the main teachers’ journals in Switzerland. Teachers felt the need to react and to promote unity from the beginning of the war. Despite the fact that the cantons are responsible for public education and, therefore, for the education of their students, teachers considered themselves called to educate their students to be national citizens rather than to be members of a language group. This threefold citizenship – communal, cantonal and national – was not scrutinised, but national unity became crucial due to the critical political circumstances. How did teachers promote and constitute citizenship for themselves and for their students in a nation united by free will during the First World War, a time of severe internal political conflicts? 相似文献
14.
Collaborations between the K-12 teachers and higher education or professional scientists have become a widespread approach to science education reform. Educational funding and efforts have been invested to establish these cross-institutional collaborations in many countries. Since 2006, Taiwan initiated the High Scope Program, a high school science curriculum reform to promote scientific innovation and inquiry through an integration of advanced science and technology in high school science curricula through partnership between high school teachers and higher education scientists and science educators. This study, as part of this governmental effort, a scientist–teacher collaborative model (STCM) was constructed by 8 scientists and 4 teachers to drive an 18-week high school science curriculum reform on environmental education in a public high school. Partnerships between scientists and teachers offer opportunities to strengthen the elements of effective science teaching identified by Shulman and ultimately affect students’ learning. Mixed methods research was used for this study. Qualitative methods of interviews were used to understand the impact on the teachers’ and scientists’ science teaching. A quasi-experimental design was used to understand the impact on students’ scientific competency and scientific interest. The findings in this study suggest that the use of the STCM had a medium effect on students’ scientific competency and a large effect on students’ scientific individual and situational interests. In the interviews, the teachers indicated how the STCM allowed them to improve their content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and the scientists indicated an increased knowledge of learners, knowledge of curriculum, and PCK. 相似文献
15.
张军霞 《课程.教材.教法》2020,40(6):122-128
生态文明教育包括生态文明知识、生态文明意识、生态文明行为、生态文明理念等多个方面。小学科学课程中的很多内容属于生态文明知识,有着对生态文明行为的要求,渗透着生态文明意识的培养,在技术与工程领域需要运用生态文明理念进行思考。在小学科学教材编写中,应从小学科学课程标准中梳理属于生态文明教育的学习目标,在教材框架中进行综合考虑,通过实践活动、拓展与应用、内容渗透等形式加以落实。 相似文献
16.
Gilda Segal 《Research in Science Education》1997,27(2):289-307
This paper contrasts naive beliefs about the nature of science, with science as it appears from sociological and philosophical
study, feminist critique and insights from multicultural education. I draw implications from these informed views to suggest
how school science might be modified to project a pragmatic view of science to its students that allows students to know science
and its relationships to themselves and society in multi-faceted ways. From these perspectives, pragmatic school science is
situated within a values framework that questions how we know. Pragmatic school science also requires that the naive inductivist
views that permeate school science inquiry methods at present be modified to recognise that observations and inquiry are guided
by prior knowledge and values; that new knowledge is tentative; that some knowledge has high status, as it has been constructed
consensually over a long period; but that even high status knowledge can be challenged. For implementation of these reforms,
yet still to embrace the need for some students to appropriate understanding of discipline knowledge required for advanced
science education, a broad set of aims is required. 相似文献
17.
Pat Tunstall 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):215-231
The 1968 structural reform of the education system in Israel was part both of a global process of democratization of education launched after the Second World War and of a larger modernization project in which the social sciences played a crucial role. This dynamic was an expression of a conjunction of interests, in which political forces used research on educational matters in order to advance their socio‐political agendas, while researchers used the state's interest in their work and in the ‘social problems’ they elaborated in order to receive public funding and to obtain state recognition of their scientific contribution. This article traces the reformist discourse structuration—the process of institutionalization of the different social science discourses in state institutions, such as universities and national institutes—in order to disclose the social sciences/politics linkage in Israel. It also puts forward the argument that in order to understand discourse structuration at a national level, it is essential to consider an additional factor: global education networks. Global networks adopted a discourse inspired by the American school model that tended to be adopted by scholars in different countries. The article focuses on the processes in Israel whereby knowledge producers elaborated the ‘inequality of opportunity’ and ‘ethnic gap’ social problems, and proffered the 1968 structural reform as the solution. 相似文献
18.
采用问卷调查对参加河北省"国培计划"的小学科学骨干教师的专业发展现状进行了调查。调查结果表明:河北省小学科学骨干教师年富力强,整体教龄较长,但科学教龄较短;大多数教师专业学科背景缺乏,专业知识结构与能力存在缺陷;专业发展途径不够完善,缺乏专业发展规划指导;教学科研能力薄弱,参加学术会议和培训机会相对较少。针对此种状况提出了促进小学科学教师专业发展的若干建议。 相似文献
19.
邢福弟 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,19(5):140-143
根据海南社会和教育发展的需要，顺应国内外小学教师培养的发展态势，结合当前基础教育课程改革和实施素质教育的要求，海南省本科学历小学教师的培养目标应确定为：培养全面发展，基础宽厚，文理相通，学有专长，特色鲜明的、具有创新精神和实践能力、能适应21世纪小学教育改革和发展需要的高素质的优秀小学教师和管理人才。并以此为基础，构建以通识教育课程、教育专业课程、学科方向课程、教育实践课程为主要内容的课程体系。 相似文献
20.
在新世纪初启动新课程改革的情境下,我们期望教师能在教学观念上产生＂双主体＂、＂民主平等＂、＂科学探究＂、＂合作学习＂等方面的转变。个案研究发现：教师的＂知识观＂并没有发生实质性的变化,教师仍视自身为知识的＂垄断者＂与＂销售者＂。这种传统的知识观导致了课堂师生互动单一化,促使我们反思与检讨教师通过课堂教学行动所呈现出来的＂实然教学观念＂。 相似文献