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麦麟屏 《现代图书情报技术》2004,20(1):9-15
《国会图书馆主题词表 （LCSH)）》是至今为止最常用并被广为接受的通用主题词汇，实际上已成为一种国际性的控制词汇和世界各国编制主题词表的样板，但是它的复杂的关于建立标目的句法和规则却限制了它的应用，因为使用者必须受过专门训练，其对规范文档的自动化管理的效率也因此受到限制。近年来网上文献的猛增迫使书目控制系统向易懂易用方向转变，主题标目也不例外。本文介绍由OCLC、美国图书馆学会 (ALA) 的ALCTS/SAC委员会、美国国会图书馆（LC)共同进行的一项编制《FAST（主题术语的分面式应用）》词汇的工作。在一个句法简单的分面式的词表中采用LCSH，其目的在于保留LCSH丰富的词汇，同时使之易懂、易控制、易应用、易使用。 相似文献
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《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(1):61-82
Library of Congress subject headings (LCSHs) are generally felt to be especially inadequate in dealing with social science materials. I attempted to see whether PRECIS indexing "brought out" what a group of urban studies works were "about" better than LC subject cataloging. PRECIS does turn out to provide more access points than LCHS; but this advantage would disappear in an on-line catalog having key-word access. PRECIS also ends up providing apt headings more of the time than LCSH; its advantage here, however, would diminish if LCSH (1) employed more up-to-date vocabulary and (2) included a time facet more freely. Neither LCSH nor PRECIS turns out to be particularly successful in dealing with "multi-tiered works," those whose "intellectual subject(s)" differ from their "ostensible subject(s)." I argue that the best way to provide good subject access to these (as well as many other kinds of) works would involve supplementing traditional subject headings with abstracts or summaries. 相似文献
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《美国国会主题标题表》(LCSH)是由美国国会图书馆(LC)制定并负责维护的一套英语主题标引系统,历经一个多世纪的发展,以强大的生命力适应时代的发展变迁,成为世界图书馆主要采用的主题标引与检索工具。LCSH标题数量庞大,结构严谨,应用规则严格,随着主题规范合作项目SACO的开展,以LC为首的越来越多的图书馆参与到LCSH的建设中,并形成了一套相对成熟的建设机制。本文以LCSH长期以来形成的建设机制为切入点,对主题规范文档建设中遇到的包括文档更新、书目更新、名称主题词的归属、建设基础等若干关键问题进行深入思考,并对我国当前主题规范控制工作实践如何借鉴国外有益经验提出思路。 相似文献
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Controlled vocabulary and subject headings in OPAC records have proven to be useful in improving search results. The authors used a survey to gather information about librarian opinions and professional use of controlled vocabulary. Data from a range of backgrounds and expertise were examined, including academic and public libraries, and technical services as well as public services professionals. Responses overall demonstrated positive opinions of the value of controlled vocabulary, including in reference interactions as well as during bibliographic instruction sessions. Results are also examined based upon factors such as age and type of librarian. 相似文献
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《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):37-97
Pauline Cochrane and Monika Kirtland's "Critical Views of LCSH-Library of Congress Subject Headings: A Bibliographic and Bibliometric Essay" published in Cataloging & Classification Quarterly v.1 (2/3) 1982, pp. 71-93 has been widely cited as a source for discussion and complaints about Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Cochrane and Kirtland cover the literature from 1944 to 1979. The present work provides a critique of the Cochrane/Kirtland study and a survey of the literature concerning the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) during the 1980. The classified bibliography is arranged according to the format of the Cochrane/Kirtland study to facilitate comparison. Criticism of LCSH reiterates the same points over and over again, whether it is sparseness, bias or currency of the subject headings. Significant trends which emerged in the 1980s include an increased emphasis on the use of LCSH as an online searching tool, concern for the syndetic structure of LCSH and the role of subdivisions, as well as repeated calls for the development of coherent standards to ensure LCSH evolves and is applied in a consistent manner. 相似文献
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《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(1):89-105
The problems of culture and ideology have been studied in phenomenology, structuralism, and historical materialism, but they fail to make connections between theory and social reality. To solve this situation, Pierre Bourdieu proposes the Theory of Practice. This Theory of Practice, together with his notions of Cultural capital, Field, Habitus, Social reproduction, Symbolic power, and so on, are the subjects of 23 books written by Bourdieu up to 1991. Because the purpose of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is to guide users to the subject(s) of a given book, one would expect to find those conceptual categories present in the subject headings assigned to Bourdieu's books. This paper is a study of the subject headings given to those 23 books, and their different translations into English, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, comprising 89 records in OCLC as of December 1991. However, due to lack of availability one book and its respective record were eliminated, reducing the universe to 22 books and 88 records. It was found that most of the books erroneously received headings that do not correspond to their content, as the headings were assigned from the functi onalist paradigm. In general, LCSHs ignore the conceptual categories of other paradigms, do not match the current vocabulary used by social scientists, and are ideologically biased. 相似文献
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《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2002,26(3):283-298
Raises issues relating to Arabic subject-indexing based on an analysis of headings linked to a sample of 300 bibliographic records. Finds that, even in rapidly developing disciplines like IT, the high incidence of candidated new headings and of heading combinations may be influenced more by increased exposure during copy cataloguing to LCSH practice than by any acute need. Concludes that any real challenge to the usefulness to existing tools like El-Khazindar’s list of Arabic subject headings, published in 1994, will only come when libraries attempt to apply them systematically to all materials, Arabic and non-Arabic alike. 相似文献
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Spencer C. Lilley 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2015,53(5-6):479-495
Cataloging and classification provide intellectual access for organizing resources in libraries. In New Zealand, bibliographic control is largely through the application of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). LCSH provide a sense of context and order. In Indigenous frameworks this sense of order can be found in the link between epistemology and knowledge structure. This article argues that the development and application of Māori subject headings is directly related to the natural order that is pivotal to a Māori worldview. The impact of this worldview and its associated values are explored in the context of the construction of Ngā ūpoko Tukutuku. 相似文献
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Steven W. Holloway 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(7):571-591
AbstractLibrary of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) geographic headings for the Southern Levant mirror the political investment of Congress and the American public in Middle East politics over the last thirty years. These LCSH headings contrast markedly with those established in other national libraries and independent value vocabularies, and global opinion regarding the legal status of the occupied territories. The author offers ways that libraries can “decolonize” their metadata in service of Sanford Berman's “access and equity.” 相似文献
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认为随着Web2.0,的发展,社会化标注系统也开始影响图书馆传统的信息组织方式。以中英译本的图书为研究对象,从豆瓣、Amazon、Librarything获取社会化标签,从中国国家图书馆和美国国会图书馆获取MARC记录中的主题词,探究每本书的标签和主题词在长度、个数和相似度三方面的差异。实验结果显示：不同语种的标签或主题词在长度、个数和相似度三方面存在差异;不同类目的图书的社会化标签在这三方面也存在差异;单本书的社会化标签与主题词之间同样存在差异。该研究能够帮助图书馆了解社会化标签并借此提升用户服务品质。 相似文献
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J. Kochhar 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(1):31-36
AbstractLibraries in Latvia, as in other Eastern European countries, have begun implementing automated systems. This article outlines the state of automation in Latvian libraries and discusses the problems associated with providing subject access in their computerized catalogues. Issues relating to subject searching and retrieval in Latvian online catalogues (MARC, keyword vs controlled vocabulary search, stemming and truncation, subject headings and thesauri, retrieval mechanisms, use-system interfaces) are discussed. Recommendations are made for further progress in Latvian online catalogues in general and for subject access in particular. User education and general library concerns (classification, retrospective conversion, data exchange and networking) are also considered. 相似文献
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社会标签的规范性研究——学术论文标注 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析社会标签的特点,比较社会标签与主题词、标引词、关键词的概念,分析学术论文标注的作用与典型的学术论文标注系统,以图书情报领域为例,就用户的学术论文标注与学术论文数据库标引进行对比实验,显示出社会标签与受控的主题词的重合率不高的问题。详细分析实验结果,提出对学术论文标注进行规范控制的建议。 相似文献
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Theda Schwing Sevim McCutcheon Margaret Beecher Maurer 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(8):903-928
This study concerns the overlap between author-supplied keywords and Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETD) bibliographic records in the library catalog. The article provides a discussion on uniqueness, matching, and complementariness based on a replication of Strader's methodology and rubric from a 2009 article. Findings support most of Strader's conclusions, including the complementary nature of keywords and controlled vocabularies. Both keywords and LCSH provide unique terms that enhance access. Researchers also broke new ground regarding partial matching, particularly within LCSH. The fact that uniqueness matters has implications for the continued use of LCSH, for LCSH maintenance, and for further research. 相似文献
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S Jablonski 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1973,61(1):21-23
The mechanization of bibliographic services has imposed a change from the retrospective to the prospective approach to vocabulary development. This results in vocabularies rigidly structured to serve a variety of purposes which are not always mutually compatible. The user suffers from the inflexibility of the basic framework, the dearth of cross-references, and the overspecificity of many subject headings.Computer technology and our knowledge of its application have advanced to the point that we should begin to reclaim some of the bibliographic conveniences which no longer have to be sacrificed. 相似文献
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《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(4):309-331
Perhaps the greatest power of folksonomies, especially when set against controlled vocabularies like the Library of Congress Subject Headings, lies in their capacity to empower user communities to name their own resources in their own terms. This article analyzes the potential and limitations of both folksonomies and controlled vocabularies for transgender materials by analyzing the subject headings in WorldCat records and the user-generated tags in LibraryThing for books with transgender themes. A close examination of the subject headings and tags for twenty books on transgender topics reveals a disconnect between the language used by people who own these books and the terms authorized by the Library of Congress and assigned by catalogers to describe and organize transgender-themed books. The terms most commonly assigned by users are far less common or non-existent in WorldCat. The folksonomies also provide spaces for a multiplicity of representations, including a range of gender expressions, whereas these entities are often absent from Library of Congress Subject Headings and WorldCat. While folksonomies are democratic and respond quickly to shifts and expansions of categories, they lack control and may inhibit findability of resources. Neither tags nor subject headings are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other well in library catalogs. Bringing users’ voices into catalogs through the addition of tags might greatly enhance organization, representation, and retrieval of transgender-themed materials. 相似文献