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1.
Museum objects are often highly complex and composed of materials with varying properties, some of which may have changed as a result of ageing and/or conservation treatments. Research into defining sustainable environmental conditions by balancing energy cost and risk to these vulnerable objects has mainly focused on experiments in laboratories with new, single materials or on computer modelling, but only to a limited extent on actual objects. This paper presents a method to collect empirical data from a large group of decorated wooden panels in order to investigate the effects of humidity fluctuations on these objects and relate them to their material properties and construction. Wooden panels were chosen as they are regarded to be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity. The fluctuations may cause the wood to shrink and swell and can result in open glue joints, cracks, and deformation of the panels as well as losses and cracks in the decorative layers. Empirical data are scarcely available as yet but are essential to study relationships between material properties, type of construction, damage, and as input and validation for modelling and experimental studies. The method, referred to as the Rijksmuseum Study, was performed on a group of 300 objects from the furniture and paintings collections of the Rijksmuseum. 相似文献
2.
Teresa P. Silva Maria-Ondina Figueiredo Maria-Alexandra Barreiros Maria-Isabel Prudêncio 《文物保护研究》2014,59(2):63-68
Decorative panels of ceramic glazed tiles comprise a valuable cultural heritage in Mediterranean countries. Their preservation requires the development of a systematic scientific approach. Exposure to an open-air environment allows for a large span of deterioration effects. Successfully overcoming these effects demands a careful identification of involved degradation processes. Among these, the development of micro-organisms and concomitant glaze surface staining is a very common effect observed in panels manufactured centuries ago. This paper describes a study on the nature of green stains appearing at the surface of blue-and-white tile glazes from a large decorative panel with more than one thousand tiles, called Vista de Lisboa that depicts the city before the destruction caused by the 1755 earthquake. The characterization of green-stained blue-and-white tile glazes was performed using non-destructive X-ray techniques (diffraction and fluorescence spectrometry) by directly irradiating the surface of small tile fragments, complemented by a destructive scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of one fragment. Despite the green staining, analytical X-ray data showed that no deterioration had occurred irrespective of the blue or white color, while complementary SEM-EDX data provided chemical evidence of microorganism colonization at the stained glaze surface. 相似文献
3.
Comparative framing analysis on coverage of the North Korean nuclear test in the US Associated Press, Chinese Xinhua, and South Korean Yonhap news agencies identified four major media packages. First, a common ‘threat’ frame dominated coverage by all news agencies, represented by reconfiguration of geopolitics and an emphasis on global cooperation in both perception and resolution of the nuclear test. Second, with each nation positioning itself differently in the world power system, the issue was notably domesticated in the news, with Associated Press connecting the nuclear test to the broader ‘War on Terror’ framework found frequently in US media, Xinhua promoting a negotiation principle in handling the issue, and Yonhap framing the test with a ‘Cold War’ perspective. In all three cases, national political interests exerted important impacts on the construction of frames. The compatibility of the seemingly opposite packages (globalizing vs. domesticating) signifies both intensification of worldwide social relations and reassertion of national stands. This finding lends support to the transformationalist view of globalization, which suggests that the nation state still matters in a globalized world, but is being recontextualized in a more complex world of politics and culture. 相似文献
4.
Ronne Hartfield 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1994,37(1):46-62
The Art Institute of Chicago opened its new Kraft General Foods Education Center in 1992. Its inaugural gallery exhibition, ART INSIDE OUT: Exploring Art and Culture Through Time, was designed to help visitors explore the historical and cultural context of twelve works of art. “Contextual areas” are provided for six of them. They employ models, replicas, artwork, art materials and tools as well as interpretive panels and interactive computer installations to enable visitors to fully comprehend and appreciate the immediate world from which each work emerged. the six other works are contextualized by interactive computer installations. 相似文献
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6.
This article reports on a study conducted for an exhibition team at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History (NMAH). As part of the planning process for a major exhibition, we studied visitors at a small preview exhibition, The Social Roots of Rock and Soul. Personal interviews, including a tape-recorded portion in front of the Rock and Soul display about the images and the themes, were conducted at four venues of the Smithsonian's 150th Anniversary traveling exhibition, America's Smithsonian (Los Angeles, Kansas City, St. Paul, and Houston). The most significant finding from visitor responses is strong regional differences. The study also showed that visitors responded to the images and storyline differently, depending on whether the material was presented through video or panels. 相似文献
7.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):253-273
The desperate need for organ donors in the United States could be filled if every person eligible became an organ donor. Unfortunately, few organ donation campaigns exist, and fewer still have been evaluated empirically. This study has two objectives: to describe a worksite organ donation campaign and test campaign effects, and to test the Model of Behavioral Willingness to Donate Organs. Results of the campaign evaluation demonstrate that the worksite campaign was successful in increasing knowledge, favorable attitudes toward organ donation, behavioral intent to sign an organ donor card, actual rates of signed organ donor cards, and the willingness to talk to family members about the decision to donate organs. Results of path analyses produced mixed results with regard to model testing. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
《文物保护研究》2012,57(1):1-13
ABSTRACTShortly after a major renovation at the Royal Ontario Museum, it was noticed that the glass panels in many of the new display cases exhibited fogging or hazing on the surface, sometimes in very specific patterns. Cleaning removed the fogging temporarily, but it began to reappear within 12 months. An investigation of fogged glass panels in display cases was undertaken to understand the source of the fogging and to develop an appropriate cleaning method. This included the analysis of residues from glass panels in several galleries, and surface imaging and compositional analysis of glass panels. The fogging residues on the glass panels consist mainly of sodium salts of organic acids and inorganic anions. Sources of the sodium in the residues include air particulate matter and the glass itself. The organic acids and inorganic anions that form salts with the sodium cations likely originate from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in the air. Examination of the fogging patterns on the glass panels revealed that the sodium salts grow on marks made during cleaning attempts and the manufacturing process. These cleaning and manufacturing marks contain greasy residues that encourage crystal growth. Because of the variation in surface cleanliness, panels with more cleaning and manufacturing residues appear to be heavily fogged while those with less may appear to be unfogged in the museum display cases. A cleaning protocol was tested on two of the glass panels, and was found to remove all traces of grease and fogging residue. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101008
The publication indicator of the Finnish research funding system is based on a manual ranking of scholarly publication channels. These ranks, which represent the evaluated quality of the channels, are continuously kept up to date and thoroughly reevaluated every four years by groups of nominated scholars belonging to different disciplinary panels. This expert-based decision-making process is informed by available citation-based metrics and other relevant metadata characterizing the publication channels. The purpose of this paper is to introduce various approaches that can explain the basis and evolution of the quality of publication channels, i.e., ranks. This is important for the academic community, whose research work is being governed using the system. Data-based models that, with sufficient accuracy, explain the level of or changes in ranks provide assistance to the panels in their multi-objective decision making, thus suggesting and supporting the need to use more cost-effective, automated ranking mechanisms. The analysis relies on novel advances in machine learning systems for classification and predictive analysis, with special emphasis on local and global feature importance techniques. 相似文献
10.
《Visual Communication Quarterly》2013,20(1):16-31
Using The Philadelphia Inquirer as a case study, this article examines the visual behaviors of news professionals as they pertain to the importance and function of the social construction of news photos. The author posits the concept of the photographic principle to explain the process by which news professionals maintain photographic integrity—especially given the latest technology and its potential for misuse in constructing news photos. The photographic principle is defined as the guiding standard photo editors use to preserve the inherent value of news photographs. As the article shows, photo editors at the Inquirer provided the model on which the author based the concept of the photographic principle—a positive example of news workers who strive to protect the veracity of news photos. 相似文献
11.
Jason Peacey 《Media History》2017,23(2):241-255
This paper analyses a little-known London newspaper which appeared every week between 1650 and 1661, and which is remarkable for being published in French, as Nouvelles Ordinaires de Londres. The aim is to use this little-known journal to develop new avenues of enquiry regarding print culture in early modern Europe, and to argue that, despite ongoing interest in seventeenth-century journalism, and repeated claims about the need to understand the European context of the English revolution, scholars have been strangely dismissive of this extraordinary journal. My suggestion will be that Nouvelle Ordinaires raises important issues about the commercial, confessional and political forces which influenced the flow of texts across state borders, as well as about novel practices relating to the translation of texts for distribution and consumption on a Europe-wide scale, all of which can be addressed by assessing its audience, its message and its purpose, not least in terms of the newspaper’s multi-vocality. 相似文献
12.
张红胜 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2010,(3):45-49
为新农村提供充足有效的公共科技信息产品是当前解决农村科技信息矛盾的迫切要求。在探讨加大新农村公共科技信息产品（科技信息）建设可行性的基础上,分析农村公共科技信息产品建设的现状及问题,明确提出农村公共科技信息产品开发和利用的对策,认为丰富和完善的农村公共科技信息产品是促进新农村信息化建设的助推器。 相似文献
13.
对农村图书馆建设的几点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章从人们对农村图书馆服务新农村建设的普遍期待与农村图书馆建设现状之间的矛盾对比出发,探讨农村图书馆的社会职能和构建模式,并从规划制定、资源建设、信息服务、宣传推广等角度思考如何改进农村图书馆建设,以期对我国农村图书馆事业和农村社会经济发展有所裨益。 相似文献
14.
图书馆承担着为提升国家文化软实力、建设文化强国战略目标服务的职责与使命.在文化背景下,文章阐述现代图书馆是“人与文化”共同建构的统一体,是“人与文化”的共同存在.图书馆的文化意义在于促进“人文化成”.在文化语境中,对图书馆和“人与文化”的共同建构进行学理探究,提出推进共同建构的策略,揭示共同建构的哲学意义. 相似文献
15.
社会记忆作为人们对共同记忆的认知和重构,在人类文明传承的过程中发挥了重要的作用,而档案作为社会记忆的重要载体,在构建社会记忆的实践工作中扮演着十分关键的角色。本文主要围绕档案与社会记忆两者展开研究,首先从两者的基本概念以及两者相结合产生的档案记忆理论入手,并在此基础上对档案与社会记忆之间呈现的关系以及建构功能进行阐述,探究档案对于构建社会记忆的理论创新和实践引导意义,进而提出社会记忆的构建需要理论与实践统筹共同发展。通过从社会记忆建设的实际需求出发探讨档案的功能与价值,可以促进档案与社会记忆构建在丰富的实践经验和成熟的理论中更好地发挥其文化价值,并有利于社会事业的发展以及文化内涵的提高。 相似文献
16.
将集成思想和方法创造性地应用于管理实践过程的集成管理理论是现代组织管理中的重要理论,作为一个具有高度集成化特征的复杂系统的IC,从规划、实施到运行服务,在功能与服务的设置、信息资源的配备、技术的运用和系统的设计、人才智力资源的配置等多个方面,均自觉或不自觉地运用了集成的思想、方法和技术,集成管理的思想是其建设的重要指导思想。IC构建过程中的各个环节,都不同程度地蕴含着集成管理理论的思想内涵。 相似文献
17.
This article explores the evolution of the role of academic journal articles submitted to the UK's Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). By reviewing their role, it is possible to see how the changes from quantitative to qualitative assessment (and the resulting problems surrounding the definition of ‘quality’ journals) has impacted both on the journals selected by academics for publishing their research and the assessment of them. Although only one part of RAE submissions, the listing of published research outputs provides the primary evidence for research quality to most RAE panels, and is a significant driver of the final grade awarded, and thus the funding received by submitting institutions. The RAE, being a peer‐reviewed assessment exercise, mirrors in some ways the peer‐review process immured within scholarly publication. The developing role of journal publications as a vehicle for academic research output is examined via the chronology of the RAE, before assessing the current situation in which published journal output formed almost 70% of all output assessed by RAE panels in the latest exercise. The impact of this increased importance of academic journals in the assessment process is considered not only for academics but also for the wider community, i.e. publishers and libraries. 相似文献
18.
图书馆远程咨询中的知识库建设研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
图书馆的远程咨询要围绕知识链的各个节点来进行知识管理,才能实现其个性化服务的目的。而知识管理的基础就是要有知识库的支持,因此建设知识库对于远程咨询的运行是十分必要的。建设好知识库必须明确其建设方案,同时对于知识库的管理与维护也是十分重要的。 相似文献
19.
Bast fibres have been commonly used as a textile material in Northern Europe since Neolithic times. However, the process of identifying the different species has been problematic, and many important questions related to their cultural history are still unanswered. For example, a modified Herzog test and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals have both been used in identification. In order to generate more reliable results, further research and advancement in multi-methodological methods is required. This paper introduces a combination of methods which can be used to identify and distinguish flax (Linum usitatissimum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). The research material consisted of reference fibres and 25 fibre samples obtained from 12 textiles assumed to be made of nettle. The textiles were from the Finno-Ugric and Historical Collections of The National Museum of Finland. The fibre samples were studied by observing the surface characteristics and cross sections with transmitted light microscopy, and by using a modified Herzog test with polarized light, in order to identify the distinguishable features in their morphological structures. The study showed that five out of 25 samples were cotton, 16 nettle, one flax, and one hemp. Findings from two samples were inconsistent. The results show that it is possible to distinguish common north European bast fibres from each other by using a combination of microscopic methods. Furthermore, by utilizing these combined methods, new and more reliable information could be obtained from historical ethnographic textiles, which creates new vistas for the interpretation of their cultural history. 相似文献
20.
Tony Stankus 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(3-4):125-139
ABSTRACT Virtually all major food and beverage processing companies employ professional taste-testing panels or conduct consumer preference surveys for appearance, aroma, and texture as well as taste. The literature and procedures underlying this sensory evaluation of foods have a strong basis in the specialty within experimental psychology called psychophysics. Founded in the late 1800s in Germany, psychophysics continues to flourish today in university departments of psychology and teaching hospital departments of neurology and psychiatry. While greatly aided by advances in chemical detection and medical imaging, sensory evaluation is actually still based mostly on eliciting human subject responses to physical and chemical sensations from novel food and beverage products, or from new formulations of familiar products, and then statistically analyzing the respondent's reactions as entered on questionnaires. This article reviews some of the terminology and concepts of psychophysics as applied to the contemporary sensory evaluation of commercially important foods and beverages, and lists selected classic or current research readings related to several enduring questions of test and questionnaire reliability in these intertwined fields. 相似文献