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1.
A survey of current activities, undertaken by higher education institutions in the United Kingdom and other organizations and agencies which promote international cooperation towards solving problems involved in the improvement of student and staff mobility, constituted the main issues of a Conference on International Higher Education in Polytechnics and Similar Institutions. This conference was held on 29 and 30 March 1979 at Oxford Polytechnic.

The following article, which relates the work of this conference, was written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Arnold A. Zimmerman from the International Office of the North East London Polytechnic.  相似文献   


2.
One of the important events relevant for higher education in Europe which took place in 1979 was the 7th General Assembly of CRE ‐the Standing Conference of Rectors and Vice‐Chancellors of the European Universities (13‐17 August 1979, Helsinki).

The present membership of CRE includes 352 universities and institutes of higher education in 23 European countries.

The following article, written by Dr. Andris Barblan, Secretary General of CRE, reflects major problems discussed during the General Assembly (Editor's Note: This article is based on the paper presented by Dr. A. Barblan at the Seminar “University Today” which was held on 28 August 1979 in Dubrovnik).

For CEPES participation at this conference see page 42 of this Bulletin.  相似文献   


3.
The implementation of the principle of lifelong education is dependent on the progress made toward the democratization of higher education as well as on the interrelation of lifelong education with adult education. The following article deals with the above issue in the context of developments in higher education, mainly in the Unesco European Region.

The article is part of a study written by Mr. George Z.F. Bereday, of Columbia University for the International Bureau of Education (IBE) and presented in IBE Bulletin No.210, 1979 devoted to the democratization of higher education.  相似文献   


4.
In the following article, Professor John D. Millett, Vice‐President of the USA Academy of Educational Development, points out major trends and problems of higher education in the United States, especially in the context of structural economic changes. Many issues discussed in this article will also effect American higher education in the 1980s.

The article is based on a paper Professor Millett presented at the International Seminar on Efficiency of Higher Education (Nieborow, 25‐28 September 1979), (Editor's Note: In No.1, January‐March 1980 of “Higher Education in Europe” other papers delivered at this meeting were presented, as well as the summary of the seminar's discussions.)  相似文献   


5.
The recent report of the Institute of International Education, entitled “Open Doors 1975/6 ‐ 1976/7”, is devoted to the problem, of foreign students in United States colleges and universities.

The following information is based on this report.  相似文献   


6.
According to Mr. Gerald Fowler MP, Minister of State, Department of Education and Science, there are at present two problems of special importance for higher education in the United Kingdom: - aims of higher education and the effective utilization of resources in relation to the public expenditure plan given in the White Paper “Public Expenditures to 1979/1980”;

- manpower policy in relation to higher education output.

Recent speeches made by Mr. Fowler underlined these problems and form the basis of the following article.  相似文献   


7.
In the editorial of the Bulletin concentrating on “Higher Education and the Concept of Lifelong Education” (No.4, Vol.IV, October‐December 1979), we pointed òut that “Adaptation of the concept of lifelong education to existing structures in higher education becomes a natural consequence in the wake of technological and scientific progress together with socio‐economic development and the need for new and updated knowledge”. But life shows that in order to achieve a state of “natural consequence” a number of changes have to be made in educational policies, in the attitude of education in the hope of influencing public opinion. This need for change is emphasized in the conclusions which are presented in the following article of the International Seminar on Strategies for Lifelong Learning which was held from 5 to 10 May 1980 at Brandbjerg Folk High School, Denmark.

The article is based on the draft conclusions of the seminar by Dr. John Robinson.  相似文献   


8.
Promotion of environmental education in higher education and Unesco activities in this context, especially in light of the work and recommendations of the Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education, are presented in the following article.

It was written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Victor Kolybine from the Environmental Education Section of Unesco.  相似文献   


9.
Seven major United States higher education associations are Charter members of the US Council for International Co‐operation in Higher Education (CICHE) whose objective is to encourage international educational collaboration between US higher education and the higher education communities of other countries. The creation of the Council has been recommended by the study “International Linkages in Higher Education Feasibility Study”.

We give below information on this study and the main task of CICHE.  相似文献   


10.
A critical analysis of the current cultural situation and concrete solutions to university problems were the two principal themes of the 8th European University Meeting on “The Foundation of the Future”, which was held in Rome from 1 to 6 April 1977.

The Meeting was organized by the Institute for International Co operation (ICU) in Rome. Over a hundred students from European universities attended the conference. We give below. some conclusions of the Meeting relating to the problems of higher education.  相似文献   


11.
From 29 August to 1 September 1978 the 4th International Conference in Higher Education “Post‐Compulsory Education in the 1980s” was held at the University of Lancaster. The conference which drew some 250 participants from 25 countries and representatives of several international organizations concentrated on the following problems of higher education in the context of their implications for the future development in this field: structures of post‐compulsory education; higher education and working life; staff development; student learning; role of the media in higher education; and priorities for the 1980s.

The work of the conference was carried out in plenary and working party sessions. In the sessions of the working parties, each group discussed one of the above‐listed conference issues. During the plenary sessions the following addresses were presented:

  • the opening address on the present problems of higher education and their implications for its situation in the 1980s, by Lord Briggs, Worcester College, Oxford;

  • On “The many faces of academic coordination”, by Professor Burton R. Clark, Director of the Higher Education Research Group, Yale University;

  • “Evaluating recurrent education reform or reforming recurrent evaluation in higher education?” by Professor Urban Dahllof from University of Upsala; and

  • a summary of the work of the conference by Lord Vaizey,. Brunel University

The conference identified a number of problems, e.g. demographic changes affecting potential student populations in the 1980s, changes in the structure and content of university level education (mainly in the context of higher education systems in the developed countries. We present below the views expressed at the conference, concentrating on those given during the plenary sessions.  相似文献   


12.
This is a summary, written for CEPES, of the background paper prepared for the study conference “Women and Higher Education” organized by the Study Centre OTO, October 29‐30 1980 in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands.

The article summarizes the principal currents of discussion in the Netherlands pertaining to the question of women in higher education, and draws an analytical picture of major obstacles encountered by women in Dutch higher education.  相似文献   


13.
1998 saw a period of consolidation in implementing the education agenda of the country. There was a focus on reforms for modernization, democratization, privatization and liberalization. Despite the economic downturn, the Ministry of Education introduced policies and measures to prop up and liberalize the education sector. Significant developments and events took place in public and private education alike.

New strides in public education which were phenomenal included the move to accord all school children 11 years of minimum public education. Yet another major change was the introduction of the ‘open certification’ system for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (Malaysian School Certificate) examination. All pre‐university students are now required to sit for an English test called the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) from 1999.

In private education, the first branch campus of a foreign university, the Monash University Sunway Campus was set up in Kuala Lumpur, to be followed by Curtin University in Sarawak and the University of Nottingham in Semenyih. Private colleges which run twinning programmes with foreign universities have also been granted permission to conduct all of their degree programmes locally (i.e. all 3 years of study in Malaysia) to enable students affected by the economic slowdown and devaluation of the ringgit to qualify for foreign degrees at a much reduced cost. Malaysia's first virtual university, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak was launched by the Education Minister on 21 December 1998 to further consolidate Malaysia's education reform via information technology. Apart from analysing in greater depth the major education events cited above, this review will also cover a wider spectrum of significant events throughout 1998, from pre‐school to tertiary education and the attention given to teacher training and the teaching service.  相似文献   


14.
Responding to the interest of readers of issue No.1, Vol.IV, January‐March 1979 of “Higher Education in Europe”, which had as its main topic “Higher Education in Relation to Problems of Environment”, it was decided to continue devoting some attention to these problems in later issues of the Bulletin. In this context, we present the following article, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Mr. Victor Kolybine from the Environmental Education Section of Unesco.

We also invite other readers to write on this important topic which concerns all of us.  相似文献   


15.
We have received numerous requests to present in “Higher Education in Europe”, in relatively short form, the main features of higher education systems in the different countries of the Unesco European Region.

As partial response to these requests, we present below a survey on the Swiss system of higher education, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Dr. Esther C. Garke from the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science, and CEPES Liaison Officer in Switzerland.

We also take this opportunity to invite our readers to provide us with papers or documents for similar presentations.  相似文献   


16.
The design and management of higher education systems are important factors in discussions on planning organization and financing of higher education.

We present below information on the administration structure and management of the French higher education system based on part of the study “Systems of Higher Education: France” written by Professor Alain Bienaymé of the University of Paris‐IX Dauphine, which was sponsored by the International Council for Educational Development (ICED).  相似文献   


17.
The impact of engineers on the environment, particularly in the processes of urbanization, industrial production and in the search for energy resources is generally recognized.

Ecological repercussions of the project or construction where there has been a lack of appreciation of environmental harmony might have negative consequences affecting many people. Recognition of this situation is reflected in the numerous efforts of national and international organizations to reorganize engineering studies and to in‐corporate environmental education in the training of engineers.

The following article was written, for “Higher Education in Europe” and deals with Unesco's activities in the area of development of environmental education of engineers. It was written by Albert Sasson from the Division of Ecological Science of Unesco.  相似文献   


18.
In order to keep on developing the European dimension of engineering education, the European Commission decided to launch the thematic network Enhancing Engineering Education in Europe (E4) to continue the work done in the previous thematic network, Higher European Engineering Education (H3E). As in H3E, the input of students was considered to be important and valuable, and thus needed also in this new thematic network. As contacts had already been made with the Board of European Students of Technology (BEST) that had participated in H3E, and the cooperation had proved to be fruitful and reliable, BEST was chosen as the channel to get student presence inside the Thematic Network.

It is an understatement to say that students as a whole are an important stakeholder in education, since it is in fact the students that are the actual recipients of education. After all, what would be the point of education without students? The question seems absurd, yet it is very often the case that students are not even consulted when changes are considered and implemented. That students should take part in the shaping of education needs to be recognized as something as self-evident as students taking part in education itself.

The views of the students can indeed in several cases be more original and innovative than those of professors or other academics, and of course take better into account the students' own needs. Professors and academics have, or at least should have, more knowledge and experience than students, but at the same time we must all realize that the environment around us changes, sometimes very fast, and what was good at one time sometimes does not work anymore. Students are young and still fresh with ideas, without yet having been fixed into a particular way of thinking, thus being able to come up with new ideas for improvement, in this case for engineering education. Thus it is not only natural that students should be involved in educational changes because of their position as its recipients, but also because they constitute a source of innovation and freshness in its own right, something that should not be overlooked.

The participation of students in the thematic network E4, via BEST, has allowed engineering students from around Europe to participate in the development of engineering education and their views to be made public to those who decide on how they are educated.  相似文献   


19.
Within a conference devoted to the interaction between engineering education and society, it was only natural to give a place to the contribution of engineering education to industrial development. This rich and undoubtedly delicate topic has been dealt with from three viewpoints:

— the contribution of educational establishments to the actualization of engineers' technological knowledge.

— the participation of industry in the precise definition of curricula.

— the contribution of engineering education to the industrial growth of developing countries.  相似文献   


20.
Mrs. Deri, after stating that in Hungary today there is a satisfactory number of women students in higher education, splits up the total figures for women students at university into fields of study and shows which ones women usually prefer. She then reviews briefly the results of a sociological survey concerning various questions related to women in higher education, before and after graduation, their professional choices and career opportunities

Mrs. Vera Deri is attached to the Pedagogical Research Centre for Higher Education, Budapest, Hungary  相似文献   


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