共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to the specific selection, participation and attainment (dis)advantages which occur as a result of physical and cognitive differences within annual age-grouped cohorts. The present study tracked the existence of RAEs in professional German soccer by examining RAEs in players, head coaches and referees who represented professional soccer clubs or officiated in the Bundesliga from 1963/64 to 2006/07. An additional objective was to consider the social-cultural mechanisms responsible for RAEs, so for a similar period, population and soccer participation information was also obtained. When players were categorised into half decade groups, chi-square analyses predominantly showed RAEs across the history of the Bundesliga, irrespective of dates used for annual age grouping in junior/youth soccer. RAEs were also apparent for head coaches but not for referees. Participation data indicated consistent and progressive growth from 1950 to 1990. RAEs influence the likelihood of attaining professional player and coaching status in German soccer. With many coaches being former players, inequalities associated with annual age-grouping appear to extend beyond a playing career. Officiating was not affected, with referees suggested to emerge from an alternative development pathway. Increased popularity of soccer may have propagated RAEs over time, through intensification of competition and selection mechanisms. 相似文献
2.
中、美高校女子足球队发展的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料调研、数理统计以及比较分析等方法,对中、美高校 女子足球运动队的选材、运动员上大学前文化水平及足球技术水平、参加比赛的情况、教练员情 况以及训练等方面进行对比研究。结果表明,中国高校受选材的形式和录取资格等因素的限制 很难招到高水平的女子足球运动员;中国高校女子足球队伍每年参加的比赛比美国少得多;中 国高校女子足球教练员兼职的较多,教练员的待遇比较差,而美国高校女子足球教练员大多是 专职的,待遇很高;中国高校女子足球缺乏训练安排系统性和针对性,而美国高校女子足球训练 安排非常科学、有针对性。就此提出中国高校女子足球队快速、健康发展的建议。 相似文献
3.
Coaches’ implicit associations between size and giftedness: implications for the relative age effect
The relative age effect (RAE) is a well-established phenomenon in education and sports. Coaches have been assumed to be important social agents of RAE via biased selection decisions in favour of children with maturation advantages. In the present research, we used the Implicit Association Test to investigate automatic associations between body size and a player’s domain-specific giftedness amongst youth baseball (N = 18) and youth soccer coaches (N = 34). We found medium to strong automatic associations between body size and player giftedness (baseball: MD = 0.62; soccer: MD = 0.51). Specifically, taller players were associated with positive performance-related attributes, whereas smaller players were associated with negative attributes. The results are in line with theories of grounded cognition by showing that the abstract concept of “sport giftedness” is partly grounded in the perception of physical height amongst youth sports coaches. We argue that this grounded cognition has the potential to influence coaches’ selection decisions and in turn account for RAE as coaches are biased towards physically more matured players, even when no apparent performance advantage is evident. 相似文献
4.
Lesika Keatlholetswe 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):71-79
The coaching competency research has demonstrated the role of coaching efficacy and coaching behaviors on various athlete outcomes. However, athlete perceptions of these relationships and how they affect performance are less understood. Purpose: This study examined if coaching efficacy is predictive of player perceptions of coaches’ leadership styles, team atmosphere, and team performance in a soccer season. Method: Fifteen male premier league soccer coaches (Mage = 45.27, SD = 6.07) and 226 players (Mage = 25.66, SD = 3.96) from Botswana participated in the study. All participants completed a background information questionnaire. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Players rated their coaches’ leadership styles using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sports as well as team atmosphere. Team performance was based on position in the league log and player ratings of the teams’ performance. Results: Findings showed that coaches’ self-ratings on technique efficacy predicted player perceptions of the coaches’ use of all six leadership styles. Game strategy efficacy predicted higher team atmosphere and team performance. Motivation efficacy was not significantly associated with player perceptions of the coaches’ use of any of the leadership styles, while character building efficacy was negatively associated with the various leadership styles. Conclusion: Findings provide support to previous research evidence linking higher coaching efficacy, leadership styles, and team outcomes. The study expands the emergent research within the coaching competency literature that examines player perceptions of coaches’ behaviors and leadership styles. 相似文献
5.
我国职业足球运动人力资源现状及对策研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
运用文献资料调研、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,对我国职业足球运动人力资源现状进 行研究,主要结论:1)我国职业足球运动的专业管理人才匮乏,急功近利思想严重;2)裁判员面 临信任危机;3)教练员队伍数量猛增但质量不高;4)运动员的流通渠道不畅,运动员的价值评价 体系尚未建立;5)后备力量数量少且存在地域发展的不平衡性;对策:1)大力吸纳职业足球运动 的急需人才;2)建议司法介入、建立财产监察制度,实行裁判职业化;3)严格教练员的培训制度, 成立教练员培训学校;4)实行国内运动员自由转会,建立职业运动员的价值评价体系;5)加大贫 困地区和足球不发达地区的后备力量培养力度。 相似文献
6.
Robbie S. Wilson Rob S. James Gwendolyn David Ecki Hermann Oliver J. Morgan Amanda C. Niehaus 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2074-2086
The development of a comprehensive protocol for quantifying soccer-specific skill could markedly improve both talent identification and development. Surprisingly, most protocols for talent identification in soccer still focus on the more generic athletic attributes of team sports, such as speed, strength, agility and endurance, rather than on a player’s technical skills. We used a multivariate methodology borrowed from evolutionary analyses of adaptation to develop our quantitative assessment of individual soccer-specific skill. We tested the performance of 40 individual academy-level players in eight different soccer-specific tasks across an age range of 13–18 years old. We first quantified the repeatability of each skill performance then explored the effects of age on soccer-specific skill, correlations between each of the pairs of skill tasks independent of age, and finally developed an individual metric of overall skill performance that could be easily used by coaches. All of our measured traits were highly repeatable when assessed over a short period and we found that an individual’s overall skill – as well as their performance in their best task – was strongly positively correlated with age. Most importantly, our study established a simple but comprehensive methodology for assessing skill performance in soccer players, thus allowing coaches to rapidly assess the relative abilities of their players, identify promising youths and work on eliminating skill deficits in players. 相似文献
7.
我国大学高水平篮球队选材现状及对策研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过文献资料、调查访问和逻辑分析等方法 ,对我国大学高水平篮球队选材现状进行调查与分析。结果显示 ,目前我国大学高水平篮球队的运动员主要来自体工队 (少体校 )和中学篮球二级以上的运动员 ,其中 ,中学生篮球运动员占多数 ,具体选拔工作由主教练负责 ,招生法规还欠完善 相似文献
8.
Young adult soccer players often encounter difficulty progressing from youth competition to being regularly selected for high-level, open-age competition. In an attempt to increase the playing opportunities of semi-professional and amateur under-21 players in first teams, the Royal Belgian Football Association required national division teams to include at least two players younger than 21 in their match selection (under-21 rule). Over four seasons, the following variables were analysed across 2138 semi-professional and amateur soccer players aged 16?–?39 years: (1) the number of times a player was selected to be in the first team squad; (2) the number of times a player was selected to play in the starting line-up; and (3) the number of minutes played. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that second and third division teams had complied with the new selection regulations. However, two-way analysis of variance of individual player data revealed no increase in the number of playing minutes in the under-21 group. It would appear that many teams had complied with the new regulations by selecting young players as substitutes. The results highlight the difficulties that talented young soccer players experience progressing from youth to senior competition. We conclude that the rule imposed by the Royal Belgian Football Association has failed to improve the playing opportunities of young adult soccer players. Alternative strategies for increasing playing opportunities for young talented players are required. 相似文献
9.
《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(4):651-665
ABSTRACTPurpose: The concepts of creativity and intuition have been well studied in isolation, but less is known about their distinctive contributions to option generation in decision making. Method: We examined the relation between creative and intuitive decision making in two studies—one involving coaches and one involving soccer players—using video footage of real soccer matches. Additionally, we analyzed whether this relation is culture generic or culture specific by conducting matched cross-cultural studies in a European and a South American country. Results: In Study 1, results indicate a conceptual overlap of creativity and intuition for Brazilian and German soccer coaches. Furthermore, coaches did not differ in their evaluation of creative and intuitive actions of players of both cultures. In Study 2, we found that for both subsamples the total number of generated options was positively correlated with the quality of the first and the final option and that the quality of players’ first (intuitive) option was higher than that of options generated later. Moreover, results indicate a positive correlation between a player’s creativity score and the quality of the first generated option for the whole sample. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provide meaningful information regarding athletes’ and coaches’ option-generation processes in decision making in complex team sports. 相似文献
10.
Young adult soccer players often encounter difficulty progressing from youth competition to being regularly selected for high-level, open-age competition. In an attempt to increase the playing opportunities of semi-professional and amateur under-21 players in first teams, the Royal Belgian Football Association required national division teams to include at least two players younger than 21 in their match selection (under-21 rule). Over four seasons, the following variables were analysed across 2138 semi-professional and amateur soccer players aged 16-39 years: (1) the number of times a player was selected to be in the first team squad; (2) the number of times a player was selected to play in the starting line-up; and (3) the number of minutes played. Chi-square analysis demonstrated that second and third division teams had complied with the new selection regulations. However, two-way analysis of variance of individual player data revealed no increase in the number of playing minutes in the under-21 group. It would appear that many teams had complied with the new regulations by selecting young players as substitutes. The results highlight the difficulties that talented young soccer players experience progressing from youth to senior competition. We conclude that the rule imposed by the Royal Belgian Football Association has failed to improve the playing opportunities of young adult soccer players. Alternative strategies for increasing playing opportunities for young talented players are required. 相似文献
11.
Paul R. Ford Juan Luis Delgado Bordonau Daniele Bonanno José Tavares Corne Groenendijk Cristina Fink 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1269-1278
ABSTRACT Talent identification (TID) and development (TDE) are large fields in professional soccer and in science. However, TID and TDE processes in youth academies have not been assessed in detail. As such, our aim was to survey professional clubs from around the world about their youth academy TID and TDE processes, with 29 clubs responding to the survey. TID and TDE processes changed as a function of player age. TID processes involved finding the best players locally and regionally, but for older players the search widened to nationally and internationally for the needs of the first team. Clubs used a multidisciplinary approach to TID, but more so with older players. Median number of academy players was 80, 100, and 66 players at 8–11 years, 12–16 years, and 17–21 years, respectively. Annual player turnover in the most recent season (selections/de-selections) was 29% across all age groups, with competition from other clubs cited as a limitation to TID. TDE processes involved weekly matches and 3–5 training sessions per week led by experienced, well-qualified coaches, with most clubs providing players with academic education, residency and transportation services. Our findings extend previous research assessing professional soccer youth academy TID and TDE processes by quantifying worldwide practices. 相似文献
12.
第17届世界杯足球赛中国队整体阵容组合及若干统计数据分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用统计、对比分析方法,对第17届世界杯足球赛中国队整体阵容组合上及若干统计数据的分析研究,揭示中国队整体阵容组合的本质特征。结果认为,中国足球必须规范赛制,加强对青少年的培养,继续引进外教,鼓励运动员出国锻炼,以不断提高水平。 相似文献
13.
科学的羽毛球选材越来越受到体育教练员的重视。选好材是成功的一半,成功的选材是必不可少因素。当然,成功的选材只是创造了良好的先决条件,并不等于出人才,真正的人才是经过千锤百炼铸就出来的,科学的选材能提供成功的可能性,并使这种可能性扩大。每个体育项目的对选材的标准和要求是不相同的,从实践看选拨羽毛球运动的人才首先应考虑运动员对羽毛球运动的兴趣,然后再从先天条件和后天的接受能力和因人而宜的训练方法择优选择。 相似文献
14.
Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):757-786
Recent literature on the biology and medicine of soccer (primarily since 1990) has been accumulated by a combination of computer searching of relevant databases and review of the author's extensive files. From a total of 9681 papers, 540 were selected for closer scrutiny and 370 are discussed in the present review. These articles cover patterns of play and the resulting energy demands, the nutritional requirements of soccer, the anthropometric, physiological, biochemical and immunological characteristics of successful players, the influence of environmental stressors (heat, cold, hypoxia and time zone shifts), special features of female and junior competitors, selected issues in training, and the incidence and prevention of injuries. The information presented has important implications for the safety and success of soccer players; the challenge is now to ensure that this information is understood and acted upon by coaches and individual team members. 相似文献
15.
Shephard RJ 《Journal of sports sciences》1999,17(10):757-786
Recent literature on the biology and medicine of soccer (primarily since 1990) has been accumulated by a combination of computer searching of relevant databases and review of the author's extensive files. From a total of 9681 papers, 540 were selected for closer scrutiny and 370 are discussed in the present review. These articles cover patterns of play and the resulting energy demands, the nutritional requirements of soccer, the anthropometric, physiological, biochemical and immunological characteristics of successful players, the influence of environmental stressors (heat, cold, hypoxia and time zone shifts), special features of female and junior competitors, selected issues in training, and the incidence and prevention of injuries. The information presented has important implications for the safety and success of soccer players; the challenge is now to ensure that this information is understood and acted upon by coaches and individual team members. 相似文献
16.
This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15–19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day programme of testing, which included assessment of anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. A combination of factors was used in the final selection of 17 athletes to take part in a 12-month talent development programme. A pre-season programme of five training sessions per week was conducted for 2 months. This programme focused on enabling the players to acquire the necessary ball and game skills to perform competitively in a short time. The squad competed as a team in the reserve grade competition of an Australian state league. At the conclusion of the 25-game season, 10 players were selected for zone teams with two players progressing to state team selection within 6 months. The project demonstrates that it is possible to select potential female soccer players based on anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes.Selection procedures could be enhanced through the development of objective assessment tools that measure tactical and technical competence. Programmes such as this can offer an additional avenue of player recruitment in support of existing procedures. 相似文献
17.
This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15-19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day programme of testing, which included assessment of anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. A combination of factors was used in the final selection of 17 athletes to take part in a 12-month talent development programme. A pre-season programme of five training sessions per week was conducted for 2 months. This programme focused on enabling the players to acquire the necessary ball and game skills to perform competitively in a short time. The squad competed as a team in the reserve grade competition of an Australian state league. At the conclusion of the 25-game season, 10 players were selected for zone teams with two players progressing to state team selection within 6 months. The project demonstrates that it is possible to select potential female soccer players based on anthropometric, physiological and skill attributes. Selection procedures could be enhanced through the development of objective assessment tools that measure tactical and technical competence. Programmes such as this can offer an additional avenue of player recruitment in support of existing procedures. 相似文献
18.
We examined the performance environment of the England youth soccer teams. Using a conceptually grounded questionnaire developed from the themes identified by Pain and Harwood (2007), 82 players and 23 national coaches and support staff were surveyed directly following international tournaments regarding the factors that positively and negatively influenced performance. The survey enabled data to be captured regarding both the extent and magnitude of the impact of the factors comprising the performance environment. Overall, team and social factors were generally perceived to have the greatest positive impact, with players and staff showing high levels of consensus in their evaluations. Team leadership and strong team cohesion were identified by both groups as having the greatest positive impact. Overall, far fewer variables were perceived to have a negative impact on performance, especially for players. The main negatives common to both groups were players losing composure during games, player boredom, and a lack of available activities in the hotel. The major findings support those of Pain and Harwood (2007) and in using a larger sample helped to corroborate and strengthen the generalizability of the findings. 相似文献
19.
运用管理学、心理学、社会学等研究方法 ,对职业足球教练员基本素质与运动员的行为表现、训练水平进行了定量、定性等相关理论分析 ,旨在为教练员不断地完善自己和不断提高球队的管理及训练水平提供参考 相似文献
20.
弋晶 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(11):47-47
中国男篮自姚明退役后逐步跌入低谷。这期间,阿联实际处于核心地位。阿联是一个优秀的大前锋,但是,由于总是把阿联放在中锋的位置,因而整体战绩并不理想。宫鲁鸣执掌中国男篮帅印后,包括阿联、王治郅在内等一批主力队员离开国家队,同时全部启用年轻队员,中国男篮进入“去核时代”。体育运动发展需要老中青相结合。“去核化”战略是违背篮球运动发展规律的。 相似文献