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1.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2022,33(2):100439
The literature has discussed the introduction of incentive structures as a means of achieving a balance between organizational exploration and exploitation. This study posits that this is not a reasonable approach to achieving such a balance. I used a micro-economic model where the explorative and exploitative activities are modeled in accordance with the definitions in March (1991). This model shows that the personal cost to the employee of performing activities was a crucial factor in determining their balancing of resources between exploration and exploitation. However, these personal costs are also the Achilles' heel of such balance calculations because information regarding this type of cost is incomplete and difficult, perhaps even impossible, for the owner or manager to obtain. Based on this and the process and output characteristics of exploratory activities, I argue that it is not appropriate to design a hard, quantitative performance measurement and incentive system to balance resource allocation between explorative and exploitative activities. The study shows that the solution to achieving such a balance must be found outside of the incentive system. Further, I posit that managing R&D departments requires the management to focus on enforcing productive workspaces and norms and not on performance measurement and associated disbursal of rewards/punishments. 相似文献
2.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2019,30(2):100350
Employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) contributes to organizational innovativeness in the form of new processes, products, and services, and therefore it is worthwhile to examine motivational antecedents of employees' IWB. This study analyzes the relationship between motivation forms from self-determination theory and the concept of person-organization (PO) fit to provide insight into some of the factors that can influence high-tech R&D employees' IWB. Survey data from R&D employees in three high-tech organizations show that employees with higher levels of PO fit have higher levels of autonomous (identified and intrinsic) work motivation and that autonomously motivated employees engage in more frequent IWB. Autonomous motivation forms mediate PO fit's relationship with IWB. Furthermore, pay justice (i.e., distributive justice) and organization support of creativity are significantly associated with PO fit, indicating that these may be useful for managers to consider in relation to employee fit, motivation, and innovative work behavior. Ultimately, managers interested in fostering innovative behavior of R&D employees would be prudent to seek congruence between employee and organization values and support employees' autonomous motivation. 相似文献
3.
The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Marion Frenz 《Research Policy》2009,38(7):1125-1135
This paper considers two main categories of knowledge sources and their impact on the innovation performance of enterprises: own-generation through R&D versus knowledge transfers via bought-in resources for innovation purposes, external collaborations on R&D, and internal sources within the company. The national and international dimensions of both internal networks and external collaborative agreements are explored, as is the interaction between R&D and other sources. Data from two UK Community Innovation Surveys allow for the lagging of relevant variables. Our results suggest that, while intra-company knowledge sources, own-generation, and bought-in R&D matter in innovation performance, the benefits of joint innovation efforts in the form of cooperation are less clear. The international dimension of internal networks is highly relevant, and interactions between the own-generation of knowledge and external sources increase the innovation potential of enterprises. 相似文献
4.
R&D consortia have been regarded as an effective means of promoting innovation. Several R&D consortia obtain public financial support, which may affect their governance structure and performance. This study investigates the governance mechanisms of publicly funded R&D consortia and their effects on innovation performance. Few studies have empirically addressed the effect of project monitoring by the government or the role of project leadership in R&D consortia. Focusing on a major support program for R&D consortia in Japan and using a sample of 251 firms that participated in publicly funded R&D consortia from 2004 to 2009, we empirically confirm that to enhance firms’ innovation performance, both project leadership as internal discipline and government monitoring as external discipline matter. Our results show that project leadership directly improves firms’ innovation performance, while firms’ commitment indirectly affects performance. Project leadership and government monitoring also promote commitment. Furthermore, both factors are complementary: consortia members are more willing to accept a project leader’s coordination under stricter government monitoring. 相似文献
5.
创新是引领发展的第一动力,企业是员工发展的平台,员工是企业创新的关键,二者共生共荣不可分。以社会交换理论为研究基础,探讨员工-组织交换、员工心理授权、研发管理、企业发展战略、组织认同感对科研创新绩效的影响机理,运用SPSS和AMOS对583份调查问卷进行数据分析,研究表明：员工-组织交换、心理授权、企业发展战略对科研创新绩效起到正向的影响作用。研发管理与创新绩效有显著的正相关关系,但与心里授权感呈现负相关关系,甚而会负向影响创新绩效。组织认同感不但正向影响科研创新绩效,而且在员工-组织交换、心理授权、企业发展战略、研发管理与科研创新绩效关系间起到中介和正向调节作用。研究发现有助于指导管理者采取合理措施,有效实施员工组织关系,并积极引导其根据研发活动的复杂性和专业特点探索、实施合乎自身实际的研发管理策略,以提升研发效能。 相似文献
6.
C. Annique Un 《Research Policy》2008,37(10):1812-1828
Despite the growing involvement of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in foreign-based research and development (R&D), there has been little research comparing R&D investments of subsidiaries of foreign MNEs to domestic firms. Subsidiaries of foreign MNEs enjoy advantages that help them compete against domestic firms. However, when deciding on R&D investments, these advantages exert competing influences on their R&D investment decision. On the one hand, better access to and transfer of knowledge and technologies from the MNE and other subsidiaries and centers of excellence may encourage the subsidiary of a foreign MNE to invest less in R&D relative to a domestic firm. On the other hand, better access to sources of capital through the MNE and other subsidiaries may induce the subsidiary to invest more in R&D in comparison to domestic firms. We find that subsidiaries of foreign MNEs invest less in total R&D than domestic firms. The reason is that they invest less in external R&D than domestic firms; however, they have similar internal R&D investments compared to domestic firms. These findings support the notion that the transfer of technology and knowledge from other parts of the MNE acts as a substitute for the purchase of external R&D while internal R&D acts as a complement to the technology and knowledge transferred from other parts of the MNE. 相似文献
7.
We analyze the influence of a regional economic integration agreement (REIA) on a firm's investments in research and development (R&D). A country's entry into a REIA creates two competing influences on the firm's R&D investments. On the one hand, increased competition in product markets after the REIA would induce the firm to invest in internal R&D to improve its distinctive technological competitiveness. On the other hand, better access to sources of inputs in factor markets after the REIA would induce the firm to purchase external R&D because it can outsource technology more easily. Surprisingly, the empirical analysis shows that the REIA's impact on R&D investment is driven primarily by product markets rather than by factor markets. After the REIA, product markets induce firms not only to invest more in internal R&D but also purchase more external R&D. In contrast, after the REIA factor markets have limited influence on internal or external R&D investments. 相似文献
8.
9.
《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104551
Firms frequently enter collaborations with other organizations for the purpose of innovating. In this paper, we argue that engaging in R&D collaboration can have the unintended consequence of increasing the mobility of highly skilled personnel. We investigate our research question using a representative dataset that combines information from the Swedish Community Innovation Survey (CIS) with employer–employee registry data. Our econometric analysis shows that R&D collaborations by firms are associated with higher levels of outgoing mobility among skilled employees, particularly among those with technical (“STEM”) education and master's or doctoral degrees. We also find support for the interpretation that R&D collaboration augments employees’ general human capital, subsequently increasing their outside employment options. We discuss important implications for firm collaboration strategies. 相似文献
10.
在市场环境以VUCA特征为未来发展“新常态”下,“黑天鹅”和“灰犀牛”事件的频发改变了企业原有的商业模式和组织型态,能否在不利事件的冲击下形成韧性并逆势成长,成为企业存活并转危为机的关键。现有研究对于组织韧性的形成机制缺乏关注,本文基于关系网络理论,探讨了关系网络（组织内关系网络和组织间关系网络）与组织韧性的关系,验证了双元创新的中介作用。实证研究结果表明：组织内关系网络和组织间关系网络与组织韧性呈正向关系;组织内关系网络正向影响利用性创新,组织间关系网络正向影响探索性创新;利用性创新在组织内关系网络和组织韧性之间起部分中介作用;探索性创新在组织间关系网络和组织韧性之间起部分中介作用。本文从重视构建组织关系网络、激发员工创新的角度提出管理建议。 相似文献
11.
This paper aims to disentangle the mechanisms through which technological similarity between acquiring and acquired firms influences innovation in horizontal acquisitions. We develop a theoretical model that links technological similarity to: (i) two key aspects of post-acquisition reorganization of acquired R&D operations – the rationalization of the R&D operations and the replacement of the R&D top manager, and (ii) two intermediate effects that are closely associated with the post-acquisition innovation performance of the combined firm – improvements in R&D productivity and disruptions in R&D personnel. We rely on PLS techniques to test our theoretical model using detailed information on 31 horizontal acquisitions in high- and medium-tech industries. Our results indicate that in horizontal acquisitions, technological similarity negatively affects post-acquisition innovation performance and that this negative effect is not mediated by the reorganization of the acquired R&D operations. However, replacing the acquired firm's R&D top manager leads to R&D productivity improvements that positively affect innovation performance. 相似文献
12.
基于开放式创新的技术学习动态协同模式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
朱朝晖 《科学学与科学技术管理》2009,30(4)
创新越来越开放.开放的创新环境使得发展中国家和后来企业拥有了通过技术学习集成全球优势因素提升创新能力的机会.基于March提出的探索性学习和挖掘性学习两个概念,提出了开放式创新环境下,基于持续的创新能力发展的探索性学习和挖掘性学习的动态协同模式. 相似文献
13.
We assess the impact of R&D manpower diversity on firms’ technological performance. Relying on insights from two theoretical perspectives on team diversity (i.e. social categorization perspective and information decision-making perspective), we hypothesize that both demographic and task-related sources of diversity within firms’ R&D workforce influence technological performance. In addition, we expect that these two dimensions of diversity interact with each other. To test our hypotheses, we rely on survey data from 938 Singaporean firms, providing in-depth information on three sources of demographic diversity (i.e. gender, age, and nationality of R&D employees) and two sources of task-related diversity (i.e. educational and knowledge area background of R&D employees). Our findings point to significant interactions between different sources of R&D manpower diversity. In particular, we identify substitutive relationships between (a) educational and gender diversity, and (b) nationality and knowledge area diversity. 相似文献
14.
Mario Kafouros Chengqi Wang Eva Mavroudi Junjie Hong Constantine S. Katsikeas 《Research Policy》2018,47(7):1243-1255
We examine how the ways in which firms geographically configure their global portfolios of R&D units influence the effectiveness of firms’ own R&D investments and of external technical knowledge in enhancing firm performance. Our analysis indicates that the strength of these effects depends on the extent to which firms spread their R&D units across countries (geographic dispersion of R&D) and the extent to which firms establish multiple R&D units within each country (co-location of R&D). We show that geographic dispersion and co-location are associated with distinct value creation and value capture mechanisms and in turn lead to different performance outcomes. Although geographic dispersion enhances the effects of a firm’s own R&D on its performance, R&D co-location limits such effects. These relationships are reversed when we consider the effects of external technical knowledge on firm performance. R&D co-location, rather than geographic dispersion, is what renders the exploitation of external knowledge more effective in enhancing firm performance. Our results suggest that future research should shift its focus from the degree of R&D globalization to how a portfolio is globalized and geographically structured. 相似文献
15.
The various strands of extant empirical research are inconclusive about the complementarity or substitutability between different innovation mechanisms, such as internal and external R&D. Using a panel sample of 83 incumbent pharmaceutical firms covering the period 1986-2000, our empirical analysis suggests that, instead of a clear-cut answer to the question of whether internal and external R&D are complementary or substitutive innovation activities, there appears to be a contingent relationship between internal and external R&D strategies in shaping a firm's innovative output. The results from our study indicate that the level of in-house R&D investments, which is characterized by decreasing marginal returns, is a contingency variable that critically influences the association between internal and external R&D strategies. In particular, internal R&D and external R&D, through either R&D alliances or R&D acquisitions, are complementary innovation activities at higher levels of in-house R&D investments, whereas at lower levels of in-house R&D efforts, internal and external R&D turn out to be substitutive strategic options. 相似文献
16.
提高企业创新绩效是建设创新型城市的有效途径,而RD模式与企业创新绩效密切相关。利用创新型城市规模以上工业企业RD数据,基于改进的知识生产函数,对创新型城市内部企业不同RD模式的创新产出进行计量分析。结果显示,内部研发的产出弹性远高于RD合作的产出弹性,并且无论对知识型还是经济型产出都呈现稳健性;不同的RD合作模式的创新绩效也存在差异。相关分析表明,企业研发实力、城市研发资源和教育资源的丰富程度、企业集聚度和国际化程度,以及政府的支持力度影响企业对RD模式的选择。 相似文献
17.
Complementarities of innovation activities: An empirical analysis of the German manufacturing sector 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Claudia Schmiedeberg 《Research Policy》2008,37(9):1492-1503
Innovation strategies in manufacturing often involve internal R&D activities as well as external partnerships. Thereby it is not clear if internal and external activities are complements or substitutes. This paper tests for complementarity of different innovation activities, i.e. internal R&D, R&D contracting, and R&D cooperation. The empirical analysis of cross-sectional firm level data of the German manufacturing sector comprises both indirect and direct complementarity tests; it is based on data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3). The results provide evidence for significant complementarities between internal R&D and R&D cooperation, but cast doubt on the complementarity of internal and contracted R&D, since a productivity effect on firms’ patenting probability or sales with new products cannot be found. 相似文献
18.
Eiichi Tomiura 《Research Policy》2007,36(5):758-767
This paper examines how internal R&D intensity and external networking channels are related with the firm's export decision, based on a large firm-level data set covering all manufacturing industries in Japan without any firm-size threshold. Internal R&D is not the only determinant of exporting, while it is strongly related with exports in the science-based sector. Collaborations with other firms on joint projects and operations of subsidiaries overseas are significantly linked to exports of large-sized firms, while affiliations with business associations and R&D intensity are critical for small-sized firms to export. Connections with computer networks have a weaker impact. 相似文献
19.
This paper examines how innovation strategy influences firms’ level of involvement with university-based research. Our results suggest that firms with internal R&D strategies more heavily weighted toward exploratory activities allocate a greater share of their R&D resources to exploratory university research and develop deeper multifaceted relationships with their university research partners. In addition, firms with more centralized internal R&D organizations spend a greater share of their R&D dollars on exploratory research conducted at universities. In contrast to other external partners, we find evidence suggesting that universities are preferred when the firm perceives potential conflicts over intellectual property. 相似文献
20.
This paper attempts to empirically investigate the mechanisms underlying growth in Hsinchu high-tech clusters. We emphasize knowledge spillovers as one of the potential factors contributing to agglomeration benefits. This paper sheds light on the impact of external and internal spillovers on firm performance in Hsinchu high-tech clusters. The empirical results provide supporting evidence that the external R&D spillover is statistically significant in explaining net sales of firms in Hsinchu high-tech clusters. 相似文献