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李永凤 《湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报》2014,(3):23-26
纵观人类科学传播的历史,从前科学时代的自然传承到自发的科学传播,从科学普及到公众理解科学,人类科学传播的发展进程与科学技术的进步和公众对科学的认知、理解的深入过程是一致的。科学传播的本质在于构建科学与公众"共通的意义空间",架设科学与公众对话沟通的桥梁和纽带,实现科学与公众的双向互动。 相似文献
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采纳贝尔纳的科学传播理念,探讨了科学传播的内涵及其与科学普及的关系,认为科学普及应在科学传播事业中发挥其基础性作用. 相似文献
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陈发俊 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2016,(4):1-5
近代科学发展以来,西方科学传播先后经历了三种不同立场：旨在向社会传播科学研究成果的科学共同体立场;寻求公众理解与支持国家科学发展战略与政策实施的政府立场;保障公民行使参与公共决策权利与生活、生存能力的公民立场。三种立场的科学传播在不同历史时期均发挥了重要作用,在当前高度科学化的社会发展中,仍需三种立场的科学传播共存,并有机配合,才能真正提高科学传播效果。 相似文献
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时代呼唤我国设置科学教育本科专业 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文针对经济全球化、教育国际化的时代背景,从我国当前基础教育课程改革、教师专业化发展趋势、科学教育学科建设以及科学普及事业的发展四方面论述了我国新一轮普通高等学校学科专业结构调整中设置科学教育本科专业的必要性。 相似文献
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《中学政治教学参考》2017,(24)
当今科技的发展,使得科学已经跳出原有的神秘象牙塔,与公众的生活紧密相关。在这种背景下,加深公众对科学的理解,可以得到公众对科学的支持和拥护,对我国科学事业的发展也有着重要意义。要提高我国公众理解科学问题的水平,必须了解我国公众理解科学问题的现状。我们以屠呦呦事件中我国公民的表现为对象,对我国公众理解科学存在的问题及原因展开研究,分析当前社会群体在开展公众理解科学活动中出现的不利因素,针对此问题就我国今后如何进一步开展公众理解科学研究提几点建议。 相似文献
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新中国的建立是中国历史发展中重要的社会变革事件,而新中国建立之初广泛开展的科学普及运动,则是中国社会变革的重要表现和标志之一。建国初期的科学普及运动具体体现在以下五个方面:确立"人民科学观"新理念,明确科学普及运动的新方向;对与实际相结合的科学发展道路的探索与实践,为科学普及提出新要求;建立科普局和科普协会,指导科学普及运动;推动自然科学的大众化、通俗化和本土化,实现科学转向人民;建立科学馆,大力发展科学展览事业,推动民众科学素养的提高。 相似文献
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杜志刚 《宁波广播电视大学学报》2014,(1):5-8
当代科学技术研究开发所引起的一系列与社会伦理道德观念和经济发展紧密相关的社会性问题,往往引发社会性的广泛热议,形成社会性科学议题（Socio-scientific Issues,SSI）,SSI所调动的公众关注和兴趣是进行科学传播的良好契机,本文对SSI中的科学传播主体、内容和模式进行了探索性研究． 相似文献
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一、八十年代中后期１９８５年,英国皇家学会组建了公众理解科学委员会,对英国公众的科学素养作了大规模的调查,并据此发表《公众理解科学》这一报告。这个组织指出,这个“报告的一个基本观点就是公众对科技更好地理解是促进国家繁荣昌盛的重要因素……是整个国家重要的长远目标,必须持续不断地努力才能实现”。报告论述了“公众理解科学”的意义,重点阐明了学校科学教育在其中的“基础和中心地位”及其实现的途径等。它提出的学校科学教育的任务是：理解科学思维的方法与过程;获得多种智力体力技能;掌握科学知识、理解科学本质;理… 相似文献
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刘原 《北京教育(高教版)》2001,(2):1-1
世纪之交,在京举行的2000年国际科普论坛是一次规模宏大的千年盛会.在会场内外,围绕究竟是"科普"还是"科学传播"有一场不大不小的争议.北京大学哲学系年仅三十多岁的博士生导师吴国盛教授,在国内较早提出要以"科学传播"概念取代"科学普及"的传统提法.我们就从这一话题开始了访谈. 相似文献
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Conclusions The main feature of Piaget & Garcia's study (1989) is the overture of a new field of research within the Piagetian framework, namely the comparative study of individual and historical development.During the 80's, several alternative models have been offered to account for the relations between individual and historical development. However, it has been suggested that there [...] appears to be widespread agreement among Piagetians and non-Piagetians that common mechanisms and processes underlie the thinking of scientists and children at all times (Gauld 1990, p. 24–5).The development of this field of research demands that theoretical research be conducted regarding the possible patterns of relationship between individual and historical development, that should be integrated to comparative empirical research on diverse topics. Further studies would then be required to provide an empirical basis for the comparative research. In other words, this field of research demands the close collaboration between epistemologists, historians, science educators, and cognitive psychologists.We have suggested that the Piagetian model needs to provide a more convincing account of the differences between individual and historical development, and of the role of internal and external factors in the progress of science. We have also argued for an overcoming of the overemphasized structural aspects of the theory, and for an unambiguous concept of history.The non-Piagetian approaches have their own strength and may be developed as alternatives to the Piagetian model. However, our intention here is to emphasize their potential contribution to the development of Piaget's theory. In McCloskey and Kargon (1988) we may find hints to deal with the specificity of similarities in content. Nersessian (1987) provided an excellent insight on how to deal with Kuhn's concept of incommensurability. 5 In our interpretation, Carey's work suggest that considering the relation between content and development of structures may be a productive way of developing Piaget's theory.Finally, we would like to comment on the relationship between Piaget's theory and research on students' thinking in science. Both adopt a constructivist stance. However, the vast majority of researchers have developed a strong resistance to Piaget's theory (e.g. Novak 1978; Gilbert and Swift 1985). On the one hand, this resistance should be considered a natural and healthy tendency toward a pluralistic development of research in science education. On the other hand, it may be a consequence of the difficulty of Piaget's theory in coping with the main research findings on spontaneous reasoning. In short, while many researchers in science education have emphasized the persistence of children's, adolescents' and adults' alternative conceptions, Piaget's theory suggests that reaching the formal stage is a necessary condition to understand science. This contradiction will not be overcome while Piagetian researchers are not able to offer a better account of the differences between commonsense knowledge and scientific knowledge. Freed from the constraints of the Piagetian approach, research on alternative conceptions showed an amazing development during the late 70's and the 80's. 6,7 Further progress, however, increasingly requires theoretical tools to manage the great amount of data already available, and models to explain, rather than just describe, individuals' thought. This task can be carried out from within different theoretical approaches. In Psychogenesis and the History of Science, Piaget and Garcia presented an updated and strong model for the relationship between individual and historical development. If used in an open-minded way, this model may contribute to the development of research in science education.This study was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/Brazil. 相似文献
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Dr. Colin Gauld 《Research in Science Education》1991,21(1):133-140
The existence of similarities between the ideas of modern students and those of early scientists have led to suggestions about
how the history of science can be used to help students undergo similar transitions to those experienced by early generations
of scientists. In this paper attention is focused not only on these similarities but also on some crucial differences between
the processes and concepts or conceptual frameworks of these two groups of people. In the light of these similarities and
differences some of the implications for producing and using historical material in the science classroom are discussed.
Specializations: Physics education, concept development, history and philosophy of science and science teaching. 相似文献
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This study was designed to determine the influence of resequencing general science content on sixth grade students' science achievement, attitudes toward science, and interest in science. Resequencing content was accomplished for experimental group students through revising the order of textbook chapters in a general science course, in order to clarify content structure and establish interrelationships among major concepts. The subjects were 203 sixth grade learners randomly assigned to the two treatment groups of resequenced content and nonresequenced content. The findings revealed that students for whom content structure was clarified through resequencing general science chapters exhibited significantly higher science achievement, significantly more positive attitudes toward science, and significantly greater interest in science than students for whom general science content was not resequenced. 相似文献
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Written and oral communications and the processes of writing and reading are highly valued within the scientific community; scientists who communicate well are successful in gaining recognition and support from members of their own communities, the research funding agencies, and the wider society. Yet how do scientists achieve this proficiency? Are expert scientists equally expert writers in and of science? Do scientists' perceptions of the nature of science influence their writing strategies and processes, and their beliefs about the role of writing in knowledge construction? This study used a questionnaire and semistructured interviews to document these perceptions, strategies, processes, and beliefs in a nonrandom sample of Canadian university scientists and engineers. The results indicate that the scientists subscribed to a contemporary evaluativist view of science, used common writing strategies, held similar beliefs about scientific writing and nonscientific writing, and agreed that writing generates insights and clarifies ambiguity in science. The engineers held a different view of technology than the common views of science or technology as simply applied science. These findings were slightly different than those found for American scientists from a large land‐grant university. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 338–369, 2004 相似文献
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《安徽科技学院学报》2006,20(2):F0004-F0004
生命科学学院成立于1986年，现设生物科学（师范类）、生物工程、中药学、生物技术、园艺教育、园艺、园林7个本科专业生物科学（师范类）专升本专业，生物教育、城镇规划、园林工程技术3个专科专业。教师中有正副教授18人，博士8人，硕士21人，在校学生1800多人。 相似文献
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This article is a report of elementary school teachers' beliefs about and uses of text material in science. Survey results from 522 K-8 teachers from 299 schools in the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands were analyzed along three dimensions: teacher attitudes toward teaching of reading in science; teacher beliefs and understanding about models of reading, factors influencing science reading and reading skills; and teacher use of various teaching strategies. Results suggest that teachers do not see reading science as different from any other narrative material. And though most agreed to the importance of having students do activities to support and enhance the use of text material, responses suggest that covering topics is still a concern for most elementary teachers. 相似文献
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Russell Tytler 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):815-832
This paper explores the nature and type of evidence employed by participants in an issue of public concern. By examining documents and interviewing members of the public involved in the debate, the way in which evidence was used in the arguments for and against the issue was determined. Three dimensions of evidence emerged from the data: formal scientific evidence based on the data; informal evidence (e.g. common sense, personal experience) and wider issues which impinge on the evidence (e.g. environmental or legal concerns). In this particular controversy, it was the questioning of the formal evidence by local scientists which became the 'magic bullet' but pertinent questioning by local nonscientists also framed the debate. The authors suggest that school science curricula should include practice in questioning and manipulating different sorts of real data in a variety of ways so that pupils are equipped and empowered to tackle contemporary issues of this kind. 相似文献