共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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对肌肉生物力学研究中有关问题的探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用文献资料综述的研究方法，依据目前大量的肌肉生物力学研究成果，对研究内容、研究方法及体育运动中人体肌肉表现出的机能和生物力学特征等方面，进行较全面的探讨。内容主要涉及离体肌肉、在体肌肉、体育运动中下肢肌肉活动等，并提出有关问题进行讨论。 相似文献
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人体(下肢)肌肉功能模型简介 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
单大卯 《山东体育学院学报》2005,21(3):65-67,70
用文献资料研究的方法，对人体肌肉功能模型的概念进行了界定，对其核心内容进行了简要分析，对其在运动生物力学研究中的应用做了概括介绍。结果表明：肌肉功能模型参数是确定肌肉长度、拉力作用线和肌力臂的关键因素，在人体运动的运动学和动力学的定量分析、在体肌肉工作形式的确定、建立生物力学模型、定量评定肌肉功能等研究中有重要作用。 相似文献
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肌肉放松对提高短跑运动成绩的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
刘青健 《体育成人教育学刊》2003,19(3):88-89
肌肉的协调放松能力对于提高短跑运动员的成绩具有重要作用。章从改善肌肉的新陈代谢、改善神经的功能、减少肌肉的疲劳、有效延长肌肉的耐久力、增加肌肉的收缩力量、提高跑的实效性等方面，探讨了肌肉协调放松对提高短跑运动成绩的积极影响。 相似文献
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人体下肢肌肉功能模型参数研究简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料法，对人体肌肉功能模型参数的研究进行回顾，概括介绍其在运动生物力学研究中的应用。结果表明：肌肉功能模型参数是确定肌肉长度、拉力作用线和肌力臂的关键因素；在人体运动的运动学和动力学的定量分析、肌肉工作形式的确定、建立生物力学模型、定量评定肌肉功能等研究中有重要作用。 相似文献
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单大卯 《天津体育学院学报》2006,21(6):491-494
以人体尸体样本下肢肌肉附着点、关节转动中心在相应环节基准坐标系的坐标为基础，利用下肢肌肉功能模犁计算机应用分析软件，对髋关节肌群、力臂的变化规律进行分析，建立适合于活体应用的下肢肌肉功能模型，对髋关节肌群的肌肉功能参数进行定量研究。提出了肌肉功能转换角和肌肉功能补偿的概念及其在髋关节肌群肌肉功能分析中的应用。 相似文献
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研究人体在运动过程中,肌肉长度、肌长度变化速率、肌力臂等肌肉功能参数以及肌肉功能的动态变化,是运动生物力学、运动解剖学、运动生理学和体育训练学等学科领域中十分关注的课题,它们对于深入探讨人体运动规律、肌肉的神经控制与工作特性以及制定肌肉专项力量训练方案等均具有非常重要的理论和实践意义.为此,本文将以人体下肢肌肉附着点(肌肉起止点、代起止点)、关节转动中心在相应环节基准坐标系中的坐标为基础,建立适合于活体应用的下肢肌肉功能模型.该模型不但能详尽地定量评定下肢于不同状态下肌肉所具有的潜在功能,而且也能获得人体在运动过程中下肢肌肉功能参数的动态变化状况.同时,本研究通过步态分析的实例,初步检验了模型的可用性和可靠性. 相似文献
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膝关节肌肉力分布模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究建立了膝关节肌肉力分布模型.通过调整肌肉最大应力使模拟肌肉合力矩与文献关节合力矩误差最小化的数学优化方法标定肌肉参数,从而解决肌肉参数个体差异大的问题,同时,使用敏感度分析得到肌肉最优长度对肌肉力的影响.研究结果表明,通过优化计算出肌肉合力矩与文献数据高度相关,股四头肌和股后肌群预测结果的复相关系数分别为0.95和0.92;使用优化方法获得的股四头肌与股后肌群的最大应力分别为52.4N/cm2和53.8 N/cm2;敏感度分析的结果表明肌肉最优长度对肌力模拟具有显著影响,因此,文献平均肌肉长度数据不适用于个体化肌肉力分布模型. 相似文献
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Julie A. Hides Tim Oostenbroek Melinda M. Franettovich Smith M. Dilani Mendis 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2303-2311
ABSTRACTLow back pain (LBP) is a common problem in football (soccer) players. The effect of LBP on the trunk and hip muscles in this group is unknown. The relationship between LBP and trunk muscle size and function in football players across the preseason was examined. A secondary aim was to assess hip muscle strength. Twenty-five elite soccer players participated in the study, with assessments conducted on 23 players at both the start and end of the preseason. LBP was assessed with questionnaires and ultrasound imaging was used to assess size and function of trunk muscles at the start and end of preseason. Dynamometry was used to assess hip muscle strength at the start of the preseason. At the start of the preseason, 28% of players reported the presence of LBP and this was associated with reduced size of the multifidus, increased contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. LBP decreased across the preseason, and size of the multifidus muscle improved over the preseason. Ability to contract the abdominal and multifidus muscles did not alter across the preseason. Asymmetry in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength was found between players with and without LBP. Identifying modifiable factors in players with LBP may allow development of more targeted preseason rehabilitation programmes. 相似文献
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Martin D. Hoffman Natalie Badowski Joseph Chin Kristin J. Stuempfle Carol A. Parise 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(7):669-677
The primary study objective was to identify determinants of short-term recovery from a 161-km ultramarathon. Participants completed 400 m runs at maximum speed before the race and on days 3 and 5 post-race, provided a post-race blood sample for plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and provided lower body muscle pain and soreness ratings (soreness, 10-point scale) and overall muscular fatigue scores (fatigue, 100-point scale) pre-race and for 7 days post-race. Among 72 race finishers, soreness and fatigue had statistically returned to pre-race levels by 5 days post-race; and 400 m times at days 3 and 5 remained 26% (P = 0.001) and 12% (P = 0.01) slower compared with pre-race, respectively. CK best modelled soreness, fatigue and per cent change in post-race 400 m time. Runners with the highest CKs had 1.5 points higher (P < 0.001) soreness and 11.2 points higher (P = 0.006) fatigue than runners with the lowest CKs. For the model of 400 m time, a significant interaction of time with CK (P < 0.001) indicates that higher CKs were linked with a slower rate of return to pre-race 400 m time. Since post-race CK was the main modifiable determinant of recovery following the ultramarathon, appropriate training appears to be the optimal approach to enhance ultramarathon recovery. 相似文献
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运动性肌肉疲劳和细胞pH 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卢昌亚 《山东体育学院学报》2001,17(3):26-27,30
新近有关运动疲劳时肌肉细胞和亚细胞机制的研究表明,细胞内pH下降是产生肌肉疲劳特征的重要因素.细胞内pH的下降能引起最大收缩力下降,收缩和舒张期延长,最大缩短速度下降以及最大收缩力和最大缩短速度同时下降所导致最大功率下降. 相似文献
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Linda Farrah Balog 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):119-125
Abstract This investigation examined the effects of physical exercise on muscle tension and subsequent muscle relaxation training. Twenty college students participated in the first phase of the study, which included a 10-minute EMG baseline, 30 minutes of pedalling on a bicycle ergometer, followed by EMG measurements on the frontalis muscle for up to 3 hours after the end of exercise. The same subjects from Phase I went on to Phase II, which included eight 32-minute EMG biofeedback training (BFT) sessions, utilizing the frontalis muscle. Ten subjects randomly assigned to the experimental group received BFT following an acute exercise bout, while the 10 subjects in the control group received no treatment. The greatest decrease in muscle tension in Phase I occurred 90 minutes after the end of the exercise. This finding was not significantly different from the baseline, indicating that there was no relaxation effect as a result of exercise. In Phase II, significant differences between pre and post-test measurements in both groups indicated that learning of relaxation did occur. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups, indicating that physical exercise did not enhance the learning of EMG BFT. 相似文献
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Luis Peñailillo Nicolás Guzmán José Cangas Alvaro Reyes Hermann Zbinden-Foncea 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):179-187
The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic demand and extent of muscle damage of eccentric cycling targeting knee flexor (FLEX) and knee extensor (EXT) muscles. Methods: Eight sedentary men (23.3?±?0.7?y) underwent two eccentric cycling sessions (EXT and FLEX) of 30?min each, at 60% of the maximum power output. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR) and rated perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during cycling. Countermovement and squat jumps (CMJ and SJ), muscle flexibility, muscle soreness and pain pressure threshold (PPT) of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured before, immediately after and 1–4 days after cycling. Results: FLEX showed greater VO2 (+23%), HR (+14%) and RPE (+18%) than EXT. CMJ and SJ performance decreased similarly after cycling. Muscle soreness increased more after EXT than FLEX and PPT decreased in knee extensor muscles after EXT and decreased in knee flexor muscles after FLEX. Greater loss of muscle flexibility in knee flexor muscles after FLEX was observed. Conclusion: Eccentric cycling of knee flexor muscles is metabolically more demanding than that of knee extensors, however muscle damage induced is similar. Knee flexors experienced greater loss of muscle flexibility possibly due to increased muscle stiffness following eccentric contractions. 相似文献
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肌肉疲劳的细胞生物学机制及应对措施 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
对近年来有关肌细胞收缩及疲劳的细胞生物学机制研究成果进行了分析，探讨了相应的应对措施。指出肌细胞疲劳可能与肌细胞能量物质的耗竭、代谢产物的堆积、肌细胞损伤有关．并认为肌细胞的损伤是由于机械损伤、细胞内钙离子过载、线粒体钙超载、自由基脂质过氧化所致。建议从营养学的角度对运动员加强磷酸原、糖、碱性盐、抗氧化剂的补充，以防治肌细胞疲劳，提高运动成绩。 相似文献
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张帆 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(12):88-95
目的：探讨肌肉疲劳后，被动(Passive Recovery，PR)、主动(Active Recovery，AR)、振动(Vibration Recovery，VR)和冰敷(Cryotherapy Recovery，CR)等不同恢复方式对肌肉表现(最大肌力MVC、爆发力MP、肌肉激活程度sEMG)和力学特性(肌肉硬度MS、肿胀程度SD)的影响及差异。方法：20名身体健康的普通男性大学生为受试者，平均年龄(20.4±2.3 yrs.)，平均身高(173.5±3.4 cm)，平均体重(68.7±3.9 kg)。先测量非惯用手肱二头肌的SD、MS、MVC和sEMG，之后进行肘关节屈曲45°/s向心与离心收缩运动直至疲劳，再进行后测。其后以随机方式进行其中1种恢复，10 min恢复后立即进行后测，各恢复方式间隔7天。以单因素重复测量方差分析检验SD、MS、MVC和sEMG在不同检测时间点的差异及恢复效果。结果：10 min VR和CR均有约15%的力量恢复效果，其中VR介入后sEMG的恢复效果显著高达(32.50±16.10%)。另外，CR可以缓解疲劳后的SD，但AR后SD(28.51±2.79 cm)显著高于疲劳前(27.93±2.93 cm)，且MS(11.14±1.58 mm/2kg)相较于疲劳后(11.59±1.40 mm/2kg)也显著下降。结论：CR与VR均可有效帮助疲劳后的肌力恢复，2组间恢复效果无显著差异；同比之下AR则无法改善肌肉疲劳的恢复，甚至造成SD增加且MS降低。 相似文献