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1.
Co-workers are an important source of information in organizations. Consequently, information managers seek to facilitate the use of such human information sources. Although various studies about what influences the use of human information sources in organizations exist, it is difficult for information managers to utilize insights from this research body. The studies have provided contradictory results regarding the role of accessibility and quality and suffer from various weaknesses. To address these weaknesses, several studies are employing other research methods. This study aims to contribute to the methodological development of this emerging new line of research by exploring the value of a think aloud approach to such studies. In addition, it aims to provide more insight into the role of accessibility and quality in the selection of human information sources in organizations. Fifty-six employees from four governmental organizations were asked to think aloud while selecting human information sources. The findings of this study corroborate those of studies taking a similar approach: source quality is the most dominant factor in the selection of human information sources. The think aloud approach seems a valuable contribution to available research methods to assess the role of accessibility and quality in human source selection in organizations. 相似文献
2.
The role of the internet in information seeking. Putting the networked services in context 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The author explores the place of the internet among other sources and channels in information seeking. Both qualitative and quantitative data were combined in the study. In 1997, the author conducted 23 theme interviews in Tampere, Finland, Secondly, the data of the national survey on the use of information technology at Finnish households conducted in 1996, based on the interviews of 2360 persons, aged 10–74 yr, were utilized. Both the features of job-related and nonwork information seeking will be discussed; however, the emphasis is on the latter. The conceptual framework of the study draws on the findings of the studies of computer-mediated communication and the uses and gratifications approach; the ideas of the ‘media richness’ theory and the ‘social influence’ theory are also utilized. E-mail and WWW appeared to be the most frequently used services in information seeking, but discussion groups and IRC were also utilized to some extent. The major research criteria for preferring the internet are the (relative) easiness of accessing a huge amount of data, savings in time and money, the opportunity to consult a number of experts simultaneously and a greater independence of certain time and place in information seeking. Thus far, the internet has not been able to supplant other sources and channels but rather complements them. This is evident, for example, in the utilization of electronic newspapers in the search for orienting information. 相似文献
3.
This research focuses specifically on uncertainty and information seeking in a digital environment. In this research we argue that different types of uncertainty are associated with the information seeking process and that, with the proliferation of new and different search tools, sources and channels, uncertainty, positive/desirable or negative/undesirable, continues to be a significant factor in the search process. Users may feel uncertain at any stage of the information search and retrieval process and uncertainty may remain even after completion of the process resulting in what may be called persistent uncertainty. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from users in the higher education sector. There were three parts to the questionnaire focusing on: information seeking activities, information seeking problems, and access to specific information channels or sources. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the data collected through the online questionnaire. A total of 668 responses were returned from the chosen user categories of academic staff, research staff and research students. This research has shown that there are some information seeking activities and information seeking problems that are the most common causes of uncertainty among significant number of users from different disciplines, age, gender, ICT skills, etc. This is also the case with respect to access to and use of specific information sources/channels, although the degrees of uncertainty in relation are relatively small. Possible implications of this study and further research issues are indicated. 相似文献
4.
通过对257家新兴企业中高层管理者和研发人员的调查数据,本文研究了员工信息素养对外部知识效应的影响,重点分析了员工信息素养对外部知识获取与内部创新能力之间关系的调节效应,并运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）技术探讨了企业规模对员工信息素养的制约效应。结果表明：员工信息素养对技术知识和市场知识的吸收效果均有促进作用;此外,企业规模越大,员工信息素养对技术知识与创新能力之间关系的促进作用越小。本研究结论不仅丰富了员工素养与企业创新等领域的理论空间,同时也为战略性新兴产业企业在开放式创新环境下有效提高员工信息素养、增强外部知识吸收、提升创新能力和创新绩效提供了实践指导。 相似文献
5.
产学研联盟一直是中国政府促进技术创新的一项重要国策。产学研联盟如何影响我国企业的创新,现有文献尚未给出一致的答案。不同于以往研究,本文基于发明专利IPC分类信息,研究了产学研联盟影响创业板公司技术创新的作用机理,以此来检验产学研联盟的政策效果。在使用“匹配法和双重差分模型”之后,本文研究发现,产学研联盟对于企业技术多元化具有显著的积极影响。在使用动态分析模型后,进一步发现这一积极作用具有明显的滞后效应。本文为我们深入认识产学研联盟政策的实际效果提供了理论基础和经验证据,并为政府和企业完善产学研联盟和进一步深化自主创新提供了决策依据和政策建议。 相似文献
6.
企业隐性技术知识吸收模型研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
隐性知识是技术知识的重要侧面，对于技术追赶中的企业，其隐性知识的吸收能力决定了技术学习的有效性。本文回顾了有关隐性技术知识的重要理论研究，指出隐性技术知识(TTK)吸收对于企业技术学习的战略意义，并提出了企业隐性技术知识吸收的理论模型。该模型认为企业隐性技术知识有三类外部知识来源：科学群体、跨国公司全球网络及区域价值链组织；三类主体以多种管道向当地企业传输TTK，制度环境与技术市场格局影响主体间知识流动管道的选择及其中的TTK流动；企业研发管理等内部因素等决定了外部TTK的吸收能力；研发过程中对外部TTK的整合导致了企业技术创新能力。这一模型的提出为深入研究行业技术学习及企业研发管理战略提供了理论分析框架。 相似文献
7.
通过对国外技术创新中的情报处理研究进行综述，总结国外研究的成果和不足之处，为进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。通过文献检索和“滚雪球”文献查找方法获得了相关英文论文，对这些论文进行了文献研读，分析了单篇论文的主要观点、研究方法、研究结论，对论文之间的关系进行了分类和梳理，总结了现有研究的主要观点和不足之处。现有研究主要集中在技术创新与情报处理的关系以及情报处理在技术创新中的表现形式两个方面。现有研究的局限包括缺乏解释性研究、对实证结果尚未建立统一的理论框架、关键变量的辨析和测量不足以及缺乏质化研究。 相似文献
8.
基础研究是提升原始创新能力的根本途径、是人类文明进步的动力、是科技进步的先导。国家自然科学基金作为我国支持基础研究的最主要渠道之一,被科研人员公认为国内最规范、最公正、最能反映研究者竞争能力的研究基金。获得国家自然科学基金资助的竞争能力已经成为衡量我国各地区和科研机构基础研究水平的一项重要指标。本文基于国家自然科学基金立项项目信息,构建了基础研究竞争力指数,对2006-2016年项目数量和项目经费、各科学部经费资助比例、各项目类型经费资助比例,以及全国31个省市自治区的基础研究竞争力排名及其变化趋势进行了分析,并提出了改进建议。 相似文献
9.
[目的/意义]网络和信息技术的发展给信息环境带来变化,数据的来源日趋多源化,不同维度的科技数据反映的情报信息各有侧重,开展多维度科技数据的情报感知方法及研究是非常必要的。近年来,世界先进国家高度重视生命科学领域的相关研究工作,加强生命科学领域的前瞻部署和研究投资。因此,面向生命科学领域的科技发展前瞻研究具有现实意义。[方法/过程]基于情报感知的理念,分别从战略研发计划视角、科技项目研发投资和科技论文与专利3个维度,提出定量和定性相结合的情报感知方法进行科技发展前瞻研究和分析。研究所用的数据为可公开获取的开源数据,主要来源于互联网及科技文献数据库。[结果/结论]对3个维度真实有效科技数据进行分析,通过综合不同维度科技数据的分析结果和专家意见,最终得出生命科学领域科技发展前瞻研究的情报感知分析结论。 相似文献
10.
《Research Policy》2004,33(6-7):879-895
This paper examines the link between imported technologies and a country’s export performance, as measured by product quality. The analysis is set in the background of the process of regional integration between the European Union (EU) and its neighbouring developing countries. The underlying question is whether trade integration fosters or dampens learning and technological upgrading. We find that unit values of exports from these countries to the EU rose steadily between 1988 and 1996, relative to the unit values of world exports to Europe. If increases in unit values satisfactorily proxy increases in product quality, then trade integration has fostered product upgrading and technological learning in the sample countries. We find that imported technologies and other sources of knowledge have a strong bearing on this pattern. Technological inflows are captured by the degree of involvement of European companies in export flows from our sample countries (outward processing trade (OPT)) and by the skill content of the machines imported.Non-technical abstractTrade and greater economic integration affect the upgrading of technologies in less advanced areas. The open questions pertain to the direction of such change and to the channels through which technologies are transmitted. This paper explores the role of a few different channels for importing technologies and their impact on export performance. The study is set in the context of the process of economic integration between the EU and its neighbouring developing countries, in particular Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and the Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs).New potential sources of technological inputs become available with declining trade barriers. Some of these technological inputs are deliberately purchased (new machines, foreign investments, skilled personnel) and others are acquired through spillovers, by trading with more technologically advanced partners, by gathering information in foreign markets, by learning from sophisticated imported goods.In the present paper export performance is defined in terms of the quality of exported products, on the presumption that higher quality products imply the use of more complex technologies and have a strong learning potential. We find that unit values of exports from the sample countries to the EU rose steadily between 1988 and 1996, relative to the unit values of world exports to Europe.We then investigate whether imported technologies and other sources of knowledge have some bearing on this pattern. Particular attention is devoted to the technologies embodied in the machines. We develop a measure of technological complexity of the machines imported related to the level of skills required to use them. We also jointly estimate the role of outward processing trade which indirectly captures foreign investments and other forms of involvement of European firms in our sample countries.These channels of technological imports appear to have a statistically discernible and positive role on product quality for all the countries analysed. Imported machines are the most important determinant of product upgrading in the SMCs, while foreign firms play a dominant role in the CEECs.This result is consistent with stylised facts. The pattern of trade liberalisation and specialisation was quite different for the two groups of countries. In the CEECs liberalisation was sudden and drastic. Trade patterns changed considerably, both in terms of products and market destination. Foreign companies are playing a crucial role in this pattern of transition. In the SMCs things have been smoother. Trade is being liberalised more gradually and many of these countries have a strong specialisation in textiles. Although based on imported technologies, upgrading and learning appears to be rooted in the local production structure rather than being channelled by foreign companies. 相似文献
11.
Social informatics research offers insights into the relationship between information technologies and social contexts. However, the material roles of information technologies, and their interplay with the agentic work of social actors, have not been addressed. Drawing on a field study of 37 mobile knowledge workers, we examine the dual material roles (enabling and constraining) played by information technologies in their work practices. We also investigate how these workers exert agency by fashioning multiple information technologies into a functioning digital assemblage. Although information technologies provide consequential affordances that enable mobilization of work across spaces and times, they simultaneously present design-driven, local, organizational, and temporal technological constraints that require mobile knowledge workers to engage in “configuration work” to make information technologies function effectively. Building on a sociomaterial perspective, we further discuss the interplay of information technologies and work practices enacted by mobile knowledge workers, in which both human and technological agency are materialized. 相似文献
12.
基于前沿生物技术主观不确定性风险的研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(5):769-778
技术风险的主观不确定性主要来源于相关主体不同的利益或价值追求。前沿生物技术较高的主观不确定性在其社会扩散过程中容易被级联放大,进而埋下风险隐患。对此,文章基于Oxitec公司转基因伊蚊技术环境释放试验的案例研究,探究了前沿生物技术主观不确定性风险产生的源头与过程。研究发现：（1）技术本身的不确定性是风险争议产生的起点,主要通过科学家之间的相互博弈产生;（2）技术研发机构是技术不确定性向社会扩散的过渡点,焦点机构与其他主体之间由于价值追求的冲突而产生相关争议;（3）制度环境决定着技术不确定性扩散的方向,不完善的制度设计与制度执行容易导致对各主体利益保护的失衡。文章拓展并丰富了技术风险管理的理论研究,对实践中前沿生物技术的风险防范也具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
Giorgio Sirilli 《Research Policy》1984,13(2):63-83
In recent years a number of “science indicators” have been constructed in order to gain deeper insight into the working and the impact of scientific and technological systems. Most of these indicators, drawing on data which are usually collected from various sources with different purposes, lack, to a certain extent, coherence and sometimes comparability.A more integrated approach was adopted in the study underlying this paper: the data were gathered from the principal figure in the innovation process, i.e. the researcher. A sample of researchers working in Italian industry were interviewed and supplied information on, amongst other things, their activities and the relative results. Not surprisingly, the results of this survey do not necessarily conform with other sources currently available. However, it should be realized that the information provided by the researchers, although inherently biased, is far more detailed, and represents a valuable source of knowledge of the situation not only of the single persons involved but also of the organization in which they operate.The obvious lesson is that only through the cross-checking and the integration of data coming from different types of sources is it possible to achieve a reliable and faithful picture of the complex phenomenon under review.In the paper an analysis is made of the various activities performed by researchers in Italian industry (research, development, control, design, technical assistance, organization, updating, consultancy, etc.) and of the technological objectives of such activities (new or improved products, processes, materials). Data are also shown on the criteria which researchers judge more suitable in evaluating their performance, as well as on the researchers' output in terms of articles, monographs, papers presented at conferences, patents and inventions. 相似文献
15.
技术溢出视角下新能源开发的就业效应分析——以中国海洋能为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为缓解传统能源资源压力、应对气候变化,我国日益重视新能源的开发与利用.发展新能源产业是否会导致“技术进步型失业”.为探讨二者之间的关系,本文以海洋能为例,从技术溢出的视角出发,通过构建行业间技术距离公式得到海洋能产业对其他行业的技术溢出效应,据此建立面板数据模型,分析海洋能产业研发活动对就业产生的影响.结果显示:海洋能源开发技术经费收入增加对本行业就业具有创造效应;通过直接的知识性与产业关联性机制同时伴有市场性溢出特点,对海洋工程技术研究各行业带来技术溢出效应,由此产生的就业效果显著;通过间接的知识性溢出与产业关联性溢出机制对海洋基础科学研究和信息服务业产生技术溢出效应,该效应对就业具有正向促进作用,但影响效果较弱.为进一步增强海洋能产业研发活动对就业的积极影响,为沿海地区带来“资源福利”,提出相关建议. 相似文献
16.
The role of corporate technology strategy and patent portfolios in low-, medium- and high-technology firms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ulrich Lichtenthaler 《Research Policy》2009,38(3):559-569
Previous research into technology strategies and patent portfolios has focused on high-technology firms, whereas low- and medium-technology companies have been relatively neglected. Therefore, we analyze how corporate technology strategy and the size and composition of patent portfolios affect the performance of low-, medium- and high-technology firms. Data from 136 European companies are used to examine four hypotheses relating financial performance to technological diversification, technological aggressiveness, patent portfolio size, and patent portfolio quality. The cross-industry sample allows analyzing the different consequences of these strategic parameters in low-, medium- and high-technology firms by considering technological intensity as a moderator. Our first finding is that the positive impact of technological aggressiveness is limited in low- and medium-technology companies. Secondly, technological diversification has a positive effect in high-technology firms and a negative effect in low-technology firms. Thirdly, patent portfolio size has a positive effect only in high-technology firms. Finally, patent portfolio quality has an equally positive influence on all firms’ performance. In part, these results conflict with the findings of previous research into high-technology companies, and they call for rethinking the role of technology strategies and intellectual property portfolios in firms across industries. 相似文献
17.
用户参与企业创新是提高新产品开发绩效的重要手段,但在吸纳用户参与自身创新过程时,企业需要在开放式创新的价值共创之利与管理复杂性之弊之间进行权衡。不同类型用户参与对企业NPD效应的差异及影响机理仍未得到充分揭示。基于创新理论与组织理论,采用444份国内企业样本,探索用户作为企业外部能动的创新源参与到企业创新过程中,对企业的组织协调机制及技术创新绩效的影响。发现：企业吸纳用户参与创新将有利于提升NPD绩效,但不同模式的用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的组织过程存在差异;用户以信息提供的方式参与企业创新,对企业NPD提升效应最强;组织跨界协调在用户参与提升企业NPD绩效的过程中起中介作用,特别是,对于用户作为独立创新者的参与方式,企业须经由正式设计的跨职能沟通机制,才能真正利用其有效贡献于企业NPD绩效的提升,否则用户独立创新可能对企业NPD绩效造成损害。文章最后讨论了理论贡献、管理意义与研究局限。 相似文献
18.
Evgeny A. Klochikhin 《Research Policy》2012,41(9):1620-1630
For the last twenty years Russia has been struggling to turn itself into an efficient market economy. Innovation and technological development are considered to be one of the best ways to achieve impressive results. The country has succeeded in retaining certain strengths of the Soviet science and technology system but it has often failed to address the former weaknesses and emerging challenges. There are a number of external and internal factors that make reforms inevitable and urgent. In the last five-six years the political leadership has started an unprecedented attempt to reverse the negative trends and boost Russia's innovation performance. This paper studies the new policy approaches and suggests several others that might be considered useful at this stage of the country's development. This work contributes to the wider debate on the heterogeneity of national innovation systems and adaptation of the respective analytical approach to the study of technological development of the emerging economies. It also provides a detailed review of the literature and data sources on the Russian science and technology, and aims to start filling in the gap in this seriously understudied research area. 相似文献
19.
【目的/意义】研究在技术创新商业化过程中,企业与用户间的信息交互对价值共创的影响过程、机理,对企
业更好利用信息交互进行技术创新商业化具有重要指导意义。【方法/过程】以信息交互理论和价值共创理论为基
础,研究信息交互、用户参与及价值共创的关系,构建技术创新商业化过程中企业与用户的信息交互对技术创新商
业化进程中价值共创的影响模型,揭示价值共创机理。【结果/结论】企业与用户之间的信息交互是实现价值共创的
重要因素,在技术创新商业化过程中,企业通过信息交互过程中的信息整合,不断形成完整的信息网,并通过信息交
互行为影响用户体验价值从而促进价值共创,最终实现情境升级和价值增值。【创新/局限】创新性地提出了技术创
新商业化过程中企业与用户间信息交互对价值共创影响的理论分析框架,并分析了多种信息交互方式对用户参与
价值共创的多维度影响机理。但模型仅限于理论分析,获取更充分的数据进行案例及实证研究是进一步研究方向。 相似文献
20.
The need for quick, timely, and accurate information is critical in emergency events. During mass emergencies, people assemble information from both official and unofficial sources. As digital access expands, people will increasingly incorporate information from digital sources into decision making and assess it against the local circumstances they experience. If we extrapolate what such behavior means for the future, we can see that information management under emergency conditions will need to become increasingly socially distributed. The key question then is how to assess the quality of information: how “good” or “bad” it is; whether it is “misinformation” or “disinformation.” Borrowing from Simon's notion of satisficing, the authors argue that people's assessment of information helpfulness and credibility is a function of the “everyday analytic” skills they employ during mass emergencies. To facilitate the critical work of “everyday analysts,” we outline a research agenda for the development of analytical support tools. 相似文献