共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 32 毫秒
1.
In adult literacy programs today, well-intentioned but inadequately prepared volunteer tutors are being matched with learning
disabled adult students without the benefit of receiving training from experts in the field of language/learning disabilities.
The collaboration of adult literacy providers and learning specialists is obviously the most resourceful, yet most untried,
solution to a problem that is plaguing volunteer-based programs across the country: meeting the needs of learning disabled
adults. One adult literacy program—READ/San Diego of the San Diego Public Library—recognized that its volunteer tutors needed
training in special instructional methods to teach adults who evidence learning disabilities. Accordingly, the program’s administrator
obtained the services of specialists to develop a learning disabilities tutor-training module. This article (1) presents an
overview of preservice volunteer training at READ/San Diego; (2) discusses informal assessment procedures that help identify
possible language/learning disabilities in adults and provide valuable information for instructional planning; and (3) describes
selected multisensory teaching techniques designed especially for adults who “learn differently.” 相似文献
2.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(3):131-137
Abstract Proactive coping is known to be a key resource for life success by adults who have specific learning disabilities. This paper describes two programs that were trialled as part of doctoral research. These were a coping program and a teacher feedback intervention designed to increase proactive coping for adolescent students with specific learning disabilities. The coping program focused on use of proactive coping strategies, optimistic thinking and assertiveness, and was designed according to best practice for access by students who have specific learning disabilities. The teacher feedback intervention involved teacher feedback to individual students that focused on expectation of use of effort, and strategy in preference to negative rumination on poor ability. 相似文献
3.
In this study, we embark on an exploration and analysis of a community of learners of science in a classroom of one of the
authors (Barbara Luster)—a group of Year 8 African American girls and boys in an urban, inner-city school. This study is a
collaborative action research project that examines closely the practice of teaching and learning science within a socio-cultural
perspective that Barbara has espoused and brought to her classroom. We study the two dimensions of a community of learners—social-organisational,
and intellectual-thematic—and how each evolved and influenced the other. As we explore these dimensions we pay particular
attention to the gender of the students, looking for similarities and differences between boys and girls in the patterns that
emerge. Our findings indicate that in Barbara's class the relative success of the learning community in terms of the social-organisational
dimension was not accompanied by a relative success in the intellectual-thematic dimension. Barbara and her students, for
the most part, succeeded in developing a community of people coming together to ask questions, offer their thinking, and respectfully
sometimes build on each other's contributions and sometimes disagree with each other. However, Barbara and her students did
not quite succeed in developing shared understandings, and we discuss the reasons for this. 相似文献
4.
Improving the comprehension of disabled readers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Joanna P. Williams 《Annals of dyslexia》1998,48(1):213-238
Students with learning disabilities (LD) often have difficulty comprehending what they read. Although reading comprehension
problems frequently are associated with inadequate word recognition, students also have difficulties related to comprehension
itself—a passive approach to the reading task, insensitivity to text structure, and poor metacognitive skills. The reading
and language arts curricula that have emerged from today’s constructivist paradigm can pose problems for these students. Whereas
the new curricula emphasize personal interpretations of text and relatively unstructured teaching strategies, students with
LD do well with explicit, highly structured instruction. This paper introduces an instructional program designed to teach
students with serious learning disabilities how to identify a story theme, and how to relate it to their own real-life experiences.
The program focused on understanding a text as a whole, and integrating text meaning with concepts and experiences that are
personally meaningful, goals shared by a constructivist approach. At the same time, the program incorporates the explicit,
structured instruction that these students also need. A study to evaluate the program’s effectiveness is described, as are
current efforts to refine the program to promote transfer of comprehension strategies. 相似文献
5.
Nonverbal learning disabilities and remedial interventions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jean M. Foss 《Annals of dyslexia》1991,41(1):128-140
Adolescents with nonverbal learning disabilities who enroll in private, special secondary schools consistently present a pattern
of behaviors which prevents achievement of their potentials in academic areas and impedes their abilities to interact effectively
with others. With weaknesses in the fine graphomotor skills for writing and poor organization at all levels, they produce
limited written output and often fail to complete academic assignments. Their response to pressure to produce is to become
less productive. These students perceive social situations inaccurately; they are not successful in their interactions, especially
with peers. They have learned to resolve difficult situations by employing their relatively strong verbal skills to enlist
parents and other adults in intervening for them. They have not developed the skills to intervene for themselves.
Effective remedial interventions include training the students in skills for planning and organizing, for studying, for written
expression, and in social cognition and interpersonal communication. Students gain positive feelings of personal effectiveness
through a process—at first verbally mediated, ultimately verbally self-directed—in which they are encouraged to plan, risk,
and act on their own behalfs to resolve matters of personal concern. 相似文献
6.
Philemon Chigeza 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(2):401-412
This paper responds to Schademan’s “What does playing cards have to do with science? A resource—rich view of African American
young men”, and takes a resource-rich view to explore the notion of agency and elements of cultural resources that minority
and marginalised students bring to the classroom. The paper examines the deficit model, the need to adopt capacity building
perspective, and a classroom study, which sought to contextualise capacity building with a group of Australian indigenous
students in a science class. As science educators, we need to reject the deficit model by developing capacity building pedagogies
that affirm minority and marginalised students’ lived languages, experiences and knowledge in their learning. 相似文献
7.
Students with learning disabilities have received services in special education programs for many years. Unfortunately, many of these students continue to need services after they exit high schools. Vocational rehabilitation has begun to provide services for young adults with learning disabilities; however, there continues to be a discrepancy between the number of adults with learning disabilities who need vocational rehabilitation services and those who are receiving them. This article describes the definitions and eligibility criteria used by vocational rehabilitation agencies to serve adults with learning disabilities. By understanding the vocational rehabilitation system, teachers, it is hoped, will be better able to access these services for their students with learning disabilities. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, we characterize the inquiry practices of four elementary school teachers by means of a pedagogical framework.
Our study revealed core components of inquiry found in theoretically-driven models as well as practices that were regarded
as integral to the success of day-to-day science teaching in Singapore. This approach towards describing actual science inquiry
practices—a surprisingly neglected area—uncovered nuances in teacher instructions that can impact inquiry-based lessons as
well as contribute to a practice-oriented perspective of science teaching. In particular, we found that these teachers attached
importance to (a) preparing students for investigations, both cognitively and procedurally; (b) iterating pedagogical components
where helping students understand and construct concepts did not follow a planned linear path but involved continuous monitoring
of learning; and (c) synthesizing concepts in a consolidation phase. Our findings underscore the dialectical relationship
between practice-oriented knowledge and theoretical conceptions of teaching/learning thereby helping educators better appreciate
how teachers adapt inquiry science for different contexts. 相似文献
9.
Tanis Bryan 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2003,18(2):94-98
The purpose of this article is to respond to Bernice Wong's questions regarding the efficacy of the risk and resilience model for studying social problems in students with learning disabilities. Two factors render this framework particularly inviting to special education researchers. First, it is inherently optimistic because it assumes that once we identify factors that contribute to resilience, we can train less‐resistant individuals to be more resilient. As such, it moves us away from deficit models to empowering models. Second, the model forces us to look beyond the characteristics of the individual to consider external factors that have a significant influence on development and behavior. At the same time, however, we still need to advance our knowledge regarding the basic dimensions of social problems among students with learning disabilities. Hence, this article argues for multiple approaches to advancing knowledge about students with learning disabilities. 相似文献
10.
Often mathematical instruction for students with disabilities, especially those with learning disabilities, includes an overabundance of instruction on mathematical computation and does not include high-quality instruction on mathematical reasoning and problem solving. In fact, it is a common misconception that students with learning disabilities are not strong problem solvers in general. This article highlights the inherent problem solving strengths that students with learning disabilities possess; how they use those skills to address everyday barriers and challenges, and how teachers can relate these skills to academic mathematical instruction. Additionally, practical classroom examples, suggested teaching strategies, and questions for further examinations are discussed. 相似文献
11.
《Critical Studies in Education》2013,54(1):45-62
Abstract The massification of higher education in Australia since the early 1990s has foregrounded issues of access and participation for a range of ‘non‐traditional’ students. Such issues can unsettle academics’ normative assumptions of the learning behaviours of the traditional, ‘ideal’, university student and highlight normative beliefs and practices about teaching and learning. This can be seen most acutely in regard to the increasing numbers of students with disabilities, especially students with ‘hidden’ disabilities such as psychiatric disabilities and learning disabilities. The impacts of these disabilities go to the very core of the business of the academy: cognition, intellectual ability and academic success. Using Smith's (1999) notion of ‘cultural cartography’, this article takes a sociocultural approach to investigate and give voice to the responses of a small number of students with a ‘learning difficulty’ at a regional university about problematic aspects of their teaching and learning experiences. This demonstrated that the after‐effects of access and equity admission polices can play out in deeply personal ways for individual students when normative, behaviourist notions of ability and achievement continue to prevail within higher education environments. Although non‐traditional students are now permitted to enter the academy, this occurs at some personal cost to their feelings of belonging and self‐esteem, and can result in students taking on deficit or helpless positions within the academy. 相似文献
12.
Lena Hansson Andreas Redfors Maria Rosberg 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(4):388-402
In a European project—CoReflect—researchers in seven countries are developing, implementing and evaluating teaching sequences
using a web-based platform (STOCHASMOS). The interactive web-based inquiry materials support collaborative and reflective
work. The learning environments will be iteratively tested and refined, during different phases of the project. All learning
environments are focusing “socio-scientific issues”. In this article we report from the pilot implementation of the Swedish
learning environment which has an Astrobiology context. The socio-scientific driving questions are “Should we look for, and
try to contact, extraterrestrial life?”, and “Should we transform Mars into a planet where humans can live in the future?”
The students were in their last year of compulsory school (16 years old), and worked together in triads. We report from the
groups’ decisions and the support used for their claims. On a group level a majority of the student groups in their final
statements express reluctance towards both the search of extraterrestrial life and the terraforming of Mars. The support used
by the students are reported and discussed. We also look more closely into the argumentation of one of the student groups.
The results presented in this article, differ from earlier studies on students’ argumentation and decision making on socio-scientific
issues (Aikenhead in Science education for everyday life. Evidence-based practice. Teachers College Press, New York, (2006) for an overview), in that they suggest that students do use science related arguments—both from “core” and “frontier” science—in
their argumentation and decision making. 相似文献
13.
中小学"数学情境与提出问题"教学的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaogang Xia Chuanhan Lü Bingyi Wang Yunming Song 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(3):366-377
This research tends to make the experimental study on the mathematics teaching model of “situated creation and problem-based
instruction” (SCPBI), namely, the teaching process of “creating situations—posing problems—solving problems—applying mathematics”.
It is aimed at changing the situation where students generally lack problem-based learning experience and problem awareness.
Result shows that this teaching model plays a vital role in arousing students’ interest in mathematics, improving their ability
to pose problems and upgrading their mathematics learning ability as well.
相似文献
14.
Students with learning disabilities face several challenges in postsecondary education settings. The authors explore the issue and shed light on the importance of self‐advocacy for academic success. The stepped care model (SCM) is suggested as an approach to assist college students with learning disabilities in developing these skills and obtaining services. A brief case example from 1 of the authors' work is shared to illustrate the use of the SCM with a student with a learning disability. 相似文献
15.
学习障碍在特殊学生中十分常见,目前虽无治愈方法,却可通过辅助技术在教学中的运用降低其影响。具有辅助技术功能的教育APP为学习障碍学生提供了多样化的参与、表征和表达方式,这正好与通用学习设计的理念相契合,有助于他们在融合班级中获得平等的受教育机会。这些学习障碍相关APP可划分为文字转语音、语音识别、单词预测、文字处理、计划与组织、数学运算等6种类型。一方面,作为能力补偿工具和学习支持工具,学习障碍相关APP能够在阅读、写作和数学学习中为学习障碍学生提供多元化、可参与的学习环境;另一方面,作为一种新型的教学工具,学习障碍相关APP也可能给学习障碍学生带来诸如注意力分散、学习情绪消极等负面影响。因此,其作用机制和在教学中的有效性仍有待明确。未来我国在学习障碍相关APP的研究与实践方面还需做到:推进通用学习设计理念在学习障碍学生教育中的应用与实践,为其学习提供适宜的环境和支持;完善特殊教育辅助技术相关法律和政策,确保各类特殊学生能够获得更专业的支持;加强学习障碍相关APP的开发与研究,使其能够更有效地应用于现实教学情景;建立教育APP的评价体系和支持系统,提升学习障碍相关APP的应用效果。 相似文献
16.
Jaime Sánchez 《Education and Information Technologies》2007,12(3):149-163
Current interactive learning environments cannot be accessed by learners with disabilities, in particular for students with
vision disabilities. Modeling techniques are necessary to map real-world experiences to virtual worlds by using 3D auditory
representations of objects for blind people. In this paper, a model to design multimedia software for blind learners is presented.
The model was validated with existing educational software for these users. We describe the modeling of the real world including
cognitive usability testing tasks by considering not only the representation of the real world but also modeling the learner’s
knowledge of the virtual world. The software architecture is also described by using this model, displaying the components
needed to impact learning. Finally, we analyze critical issues in designing software for learners with visual disabilities
and propose some recommendations and guidelines. 相似文献
17.
Abigail Reaser Frances Prevatt Yaacov Petscher Briley Proctor 《Psychology in the schools》2007,44(6):627-638
This study compared learning and study strategies of students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to two groups: college students with learning disabilities (LD) and college students without disabilities. In addition, strengths and weaknesses within the ADHD group were examined on the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, 2nd edition (LASSI; C.E. Weinstein & D.R. Palmer, 2002). The LASSI was also evaluated as a predictive measure for academic achievement for college students with ADHD compared to other students. Results indicate that several important differences may exist in the learning and study strategies of students with ADHD versus students with LD and students without disabilities. However, the LASSI may not be a useful tool for predicting academic achievement for college students with ADHD. Interventions for working with students with ADHD are given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
18.
The social construction of learning disabilities 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Dudley-Marling C 《Journal of learning disabilities》2004,37(6):482-489
Underpinning the technical gaze that dominates learning disabilities theory and practice is the assumption that learning disabilities are a pathology that resides in the heads of individual students, with the corollary that remedial efforts also focus on what goes on in the heads of students classified as learning disabled. This article begins with a critique of the ideology of individualism that situates individual success and failure in the heads of individuals as a means of introducing an alternative perspective--social constructivism--that locates learning and learning problems in the context of human relations and activity. Extended examples are used to illustrate how the performative aspects of learning disabilities emerge in the context of human relationships. The primary argument developed here is that one cannot be learning disabled on one's own. It takes a complex system of interactions performed in just the right way, at the right time, on the stage we call school to make a learning disability. The article concludes with a brief consideration of the instructional implications of a social constructivist stance. 相似文献
19.
Identifying alterable patterns in employment success for highly successful adults with learning disabilities. 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Adults with learning disabilities were studied to ascertain the patterns of successful functioning that promoted high levels of vocational success. This area of research has been neglected in the developing research base on adults with learning disabilities. In this study of 46 highly successful and 25 moderately successful adults with learning disabilities using ethnographic interviews, it was found that the overriding theme was control and that control was sought through the pursuit of two sets of themes--internal decisions and external manifestations. These themes transcended the entire sample, and the clear difference between the groups was the degree of attainment on the various elements the themes comprised. These elements and themes are discussed and a model of successful vocational functioning is developed and explained. 相似文献
20.
Lisa-Angelique Yuen Lie Lim 《Instructional Science》2011,39(2):171-188
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a constructivist approach to learning which is believed to promote reflective thinking in
students. This study investigated how students in one particular institution developed in their reflective thinking habits—Habitual
Action, Understanding, Reflection, and Critical Reflection—as they went through the daily practice of PBL. A 16-item questionnaire
measuring the four levels of reflective thinking habits was administered to four cohorts of students: an incoming cohort,
first-years, second-years, and third-years. First-year students rated themselves higher on Reflection and Critical Reflection,
while third-years reported the highest levels of Habitual Action. Discriminatory and scatterplot analysis on the third year
cohort revealed that while a proportion of students (47%) reported higher levels of Habitual Action with lower levels of Reflection,
there was a small subgroup who also reported higher levels of both Habitual Action and Reflection. Overall, the results showed
that PBL does promote the development of reflective thinking, particularly for first-year students, but that this development
is not sustained consistently after that. This pointed to other possible factors that could hinder students’ development of
reflective thinking in PBL. 相似文献