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1.
Karen Manley 《Research Policy》2008,37(10):1751-1764
The methods by which small firms overcome the disadvantages of their size to implement innovation on construction projects are examined here through five Australian case studies. It is found that such methods include working with advanced clients, prioritising relationship-building strategies and using patents to protect intellectual property. Key obstacles to innovation implementation by small firms on construction projects are found to be bias in the allocation of government business assistance and regulatory inefficiencies under federal systems of government. The study’s findings derive from a theoretical framework which emphasises firm capabilities and environment, and innovation typologies. Further research is recommended into the impact of government assistance and regulation on small innovative construction firms. 相似文献
2.
The Great Recession, which began in 2008, brought about large contractions in aggregate consumption in many countries. In this research, we study the impact of heterogeneous decreases in demand on innovation investments by analyzing the evolution of innovation investments in a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms during the 2004–2013 period. We proxy heterogeneous variation in demand with net exit rates in the productive stratum of each firm, defined as the group of firms in the same industry and size class. These net exit rates are computed considering all firms in the stratum, including firms that are determined to be non-innovative firms. To support the identification strategy, we show that exit rates do not capture idiosyncratic unobservable characteristics among innovative firms. In addition, we control for the effect of time-varying credit constraints. We find that a one standard deviation increase in exit rates is associated with reductions of 1.5% in the share of firms investing in innovation. The drop is larger for smaller firms, which also experience greater decreases in sales. Since smaller firms are most sensitive to demand drops, they are the natural candidates to be the target of policies devoted to increasing R&D activities during crises. As additional analysis, we study firms’ perceptions of the main obstacles to innovation to find that net exit rates capture the heterogeneous variation in demand, rather than credit constraints. Finally, when analyzing the exit patterns of firms in the sample, we confirm that the net exit rate in a firm's stratum does not drive the exit of firms in our sample. 相似文献
3.
了解和把握创新型企业技术创新的特征与倾向是创新政策制订的重要前提。运用客体法,对国家级创新型企业完成的突出技术创新项目进行全样本调查。从企业技术创新动机、创新类型、创新新颖度、创新经费支出、创新影响与效果等方面分析创新型企业技术创新的特征和倾向。调查结果表明,创新型企业作为一批产业创新领头企业已经呈现一些新的技术创新特征和倾向,如以市场需求驱动为主、创新类型以产品创新为主、以开发出新产品为第一目标、多数企业的创新新颖度达到国际市场新等,以及不同创新类型项目费用额度分布特点。同时还发现一些行业的企业对创新政策较不敏感,而其他一些却对创新政策较敏感等现象。基于此,提出了对创新政策制订与调整的几点启示。 相似文献
4.
Caroline Paunov 《Research Policy》2012,41(1):24-35
The longer term impact of the global crisis depends on how business innovation capacities were affected. Understanding which firms suffered most is essential for developing adequate post-crisis recovery policies. This paper provides first quantitative evidence on these questions based on an original firm-level dataset for eight Latin American countries in 2008-2009. We find the crisis led many firms to stop ongoing innovation projects. Probit regression results show that firms with access to public funding were less likely to abandon these investments. Younger firms and businesses supplying foreign multinationals or suffering export shocks were more likely to do so. 相似文献
5.
Determinants of industry-academy linkages and, their impact on firm performance: The case of Korea as a latecomer in knowledge industrialization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Boo-Young Eom 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):625-12407
This paper utilizes the Korea Innovation Survey data to identify the determinants of industry-university and industry-government research institute (IUG) cooperation, and its impact on firm performance. First, we find that among the determinants of IUG cooperation, traditional firm characteristic variables of size and R&D intensity are not significant, while participation in national R&D project turns out be most significant and robust in both cooperation modes. This is in contrast to the results from the cases in European countries and reflects the significance of government policies in promoting IUG cooperation in latecomer economies. Second, with regard to the impact of IUG cooperation, we conspicuously find no significant impact on the innovation probability of firms when we control the possible endogeneity, such that already innovative firms would participate more at such cooperation modes. This implies that the IUG cooperation cannot guarantee the success of a firm in technological innovation. Rather, it may have an influence on the selection or direction of the research projects of a firm. When we limited the analysis to innovative firms, we do find a positive impact of the IUG cooperation on patents generated from new product innovation but find none in terms of volume of sales or labor productivity. These results seem to reflect the still transitional nature of the national innovation system (NIS) and knowledge industrialization in Korea. 相似文献
6.
Factors affecting university-industry R&D projects: The importance of searching, screening and signalling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of research cooperation between firms and Public research organisations (PROs) for a sample of innovating small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The econometric analysis is based on the results of the KNOW survey carried out in seven EU countries during 2000. In contrast to earlier works that provide information about the importance of PROs’ research, we know the number of firm/PRO collaborative research and development (R&D) projects. This allows us to study the determinants of firm collaboration with PROs in terms of both the propensity of a firm to undertake R&D projects with a university (do they cooperate or not) and the extent of this collaboration (number of R&D projects). Two questions are addressed. Which firms cooperated with PROs? And what are the firm characteristics that might explain the number of R&D projects with PROs? The results of our analysis point to two major phenomena. First, the propensity to forge an agreement with an academic partner depends on the ‘absolute size’ of the industrial partner. Second the openness of firms to the external environment, as measured by their willingness to search, screen and signal, significantly affects the development of R&D projects with PROs. Our findings suggest that acquiring knowledge through the screening of publications and involvement in public policies positively affects the probability of signing an agreement with a PRO, but not the number of R&D projects developed. In fact, firms that outsource research and development, and patent to protect innovation and to signal competencies show higher levels of collaboration. 相似文献
7.
所得税优惠政策是政府激励企业创新的重要手段,创新效率是影响企业长期绩效的关键因素,现行政策如何影响企业创新效率的分析评价是政策检验的重要环节。本文在对陕西省195家企业深入调研的基础上,运用随机前沿分析方法研究发现:研发费用加计扣除政策能够提升高新技术企业创新效率,而对非高新技术类企业创新效率没有显著影响;在配对样本基础上,应用双重差分模型分析发现:现行高新技术企业所得税优惠政策并不能显著提高高新技术企业的创新效率。研究提出了强化针对性、实效性的政策建议。 相似文献
8.
知识流动状态下自主创新的知识产权风险与防范研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
自主创新是中国企业突破发达国家企业技术包围和垄断的重要策略,但是知识产权风险是影响企业自主创新的主要障碍之一.基于知识流动理论构建了企业自主创新的过程模型,将自主创新过程分为知识吸收、知识创造和知识应用三个阶段;然后根据自主创新不同阶段的特点分析各阶段企业面临的主要知识产权风险及其产生原因;提出了防范控制对策. 相似文献
9.
Important innovations are increasingly produced based on research engagement and fertilization across industries. However, we know little about the challenges associated with managing innovation networks in specific contexts that involves researchers in cross-industry collaboration. Against this backdrop, we draw on theory on design and orchestration of innovation networks to analyze a large-scale government sponsored program, “ProcessIT Innovations” that was designed to increase competitiveness and accelerate economic growth in Northern Sweden. The program was initiated and led by firms from the traditionally strong local process industry and engaged local researchers and firms from the emerging IT industry. Based on our analyses, we offer two contributions. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the challenges related to configuration of the network, orchestration of partnerships between participants, and facilitation of innovation in dedicated development projects. Second, we propose a model of managing research and innovation networks through fertilization across industries and between firms and research institutions. 相似文献
10.
The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners. 相似文献
11.
Innovation management literature typically concerns functionally organized firms. In this paper we investigate innovation management in a different type of firm, the project-based firm. Project-based firms, such as engineering and construction companies, consultancies and system integrators, are service firms that solely execute projects for clients. We focus on new service development projects in these firms. Based on an in-depth study of six projects in four different firms, we develop hypotheses on differences between success factors for development projects in project-based firms and in functionally organized firms. Some of the success factors for functionally organized firms, as described in the literature, appear to be more important in project-based firms, others seem redundant. Our findings suggest that the specific structure and capabilities of project-based firms provide an explanation for these differences. 相似文献
12.
随着日本、中国台湾等国家和地区后发企业技术赶超的成功,学术界关于后发企业技术创新的讨论日益激烈。但后发企业面临自身条件与环境压力的双重限制,其突破性创新难度颇大。首先提取后发企业突破性技术创新17项内外部影响因素,采用决策试验和评价实验法(DEMATEL)对17项关键因素进行分析,厘清因素间的关系。研究结论能帮助后发企业重点关注技术创新的核心要素,扫除技术创新障碍,突破技术路径被动锁定现状,实现技术路径主动锁定。 相似文献
13.
企业技术创新影响因素的模糊聚类分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文通过对企业技术创新影响因素模糊聚类分析与研究，实现了对影响企业技术创新因素的主从排序，进而形成了对企业技术创新影响因素的定量评价，从而为政府、企业制定促进技术创新的政策、策略提供了可以信赖的数量依据。 相似文献
14.
廖中举 《科学学与科学技术管理》2016,(7):34-41
针对面临各类利益相关者压力时,企业是否会进行环境创新,而环境创新是否有利于企业的成长的问题,以及为最终揭示出"压力—行为—绩效"之间的逻辑关系,选取长三角地区279家制造行业的企业作为研究对象,采用结构方程模型对利益相关者压力、环境创新与企业成长三者之间的关系进行了实证分析,结果发现:政府压力和行业压力对企业的环境创新具有正向影响;在大规模企业中,环境创新有利于企业的成长,而在小规模中,环境创新的影响作用并不显著;在不同规模的企业中,政府压力和行业压力均对企业的成长具有正向促进作用,而在小规模企业中,社会压力会抑制企业的成长。 相似文献
15.
Innovating firms are likely to face several challenges and experience different types of barriers. In this paper we argue that it is necessary to distinguish between two kinds of barriers to innovation. The first corresponds to what we describe as revealed barriers and reflects the degree of difficulty of the innovation process and the learning experience consequent on the firm engaging in innovation activity. The second type of impediment, which we label deterring barriers, encompasses the obstacles that prevent firms from committing to innovation. We use data from the 4th UK Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) to investigate the relationship between firms’ engagement in innovation and their assessment of the barriers to innovation. We show that the relationship is curvilinear in the case of costs and market barriers. These results have important implications for innovation policy and innovation management. 相似文献
16.
政府财税政策对高技术企业创新和增长的影响 《科学学研究》2018,36(12):2259-2269
考虑到政府不同的财税激励政策会对企业创新产生不同的影响,本文将财税政策划分为直接资金资助和间接减免税两种形式,创新产出区分为非市场化导向的创新产出和市场化导向的创新产出。基于中关村2777家高技术企业的数据,本文就企业年龄和企业规模对政府财税政策与企业创新的调节作用进行了实证研究。研究发现政府的直接资金资助对高技术企业非市场化导向的创新产出作用更为显著,而间接的减免税政策更有助于企业市场化导向的创新活动。此外,研究也表明政府直接资金资助对初创期企业创新产出的作用更强,而减免税对促进新创企业创新的经济绩效的作用并不显著,甚至有时候作用为负。研究还发现企业规模并不能有效调节政府财税政策与创新产出之间的关系。研究结论为政府优化对高技术企业的政策系统提供了实证支持依据,有助于促进高技术产业的持续创新和健康发展。 相似文献
17.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2023,7(1):32-46
This study aims to investigate the main factors driving technological innovation within firms in the manufacturing and service sectors of the Czech Republic. We apply a binary logistic regression model to cross-sectional data from 502 firms, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The results of our empirical investigation show that certain elements of the business environment, such as the tax rate, serve as significant obstacles to firms’ product innovations. The results also confirm that international technological linkages—measured by international quality certificates and foreign technology licenses—affect technological innovations. Moreover, we found that internal R&D activities positively impact technological innovation across all sectors; contrarily, we found that process innovation in the manufacturing sector is positively influenced by foreign technology licenses and business association membership. Process innovations in the service sector are positively correlated with external R&D and financing from banking institutions. Finally, business association membership does not positively influence technological innovation in the service sector. Our findings have salient implications for firm managers, policymakers, and scholars aiming to explore and improve innovation outcomes in transitional economies. 相似文献
18.
Assessing the contribution to innovation of private equity investors: A study on European buyouts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elisa Ughetto 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):126-140
The paper provides an empirical analysis of the patenting activity of a sample of Western European manufacturing firms undergoing a buyout between 1998 and 2004. A panel data design is used to test whether the characteristics of the deal and of private equity (PE) firms can affect acquired companies’ subsequent innovation effort as measured by the number of patents granted by the EPO. Results support the view that the innovation activity of portfolio firms is affected by different types of investors, pursuing different objectives and differing in their risk propensity, expected returns and investment policies. The characteristics of lead investors (size, stage specialization, geographical location) and of the deal (amount invested, presence of multiple investors) are also investigated and are found to differently affect the post-buyout innovation activity of sample firms. 相似文献
19.
Thomas J. Allen James M. Utterback Marvin A. Sirbu Nicholas A. Ashford J.Herbert Hollomon 《Research Policy》1978,7(2):124-149
A total of 164 innovation projects were sampled in five industries to determine the effect, if any, of government policy on their conduct and outcome. Sixty-six of the projects had at the time of the study achieved commercial success, in the view of the firms involved. Fifty-one were considered failures, while 47 were still underway. Nearly half of the projects had been affected by one or more mechanisms of government policy. There is no indication that this degree of government involvement has either increased or decreased in recent years. There is also no indication that government involvement influenced success or failure, in any way. It does appear, however, that technology has been relatively successful in coping with government regulation in the area of safety, pollution control, etc., since projects affected by these policies were significantly more likely to be successful. 相似文献
20.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2001,12(2):273-293
We challenge the implicit assumption that entrepreneurs are the sole owners of their young firms and we suggest that because cutting-edge innovation projects are complex, they create substantial information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and their investors. Linking previous research on governance, entrepreneurship, and innovation, we ask what forms of governance and incentive systems are conducive to spur and implement innovation among young entrepreneurial firms. Using agency theory and building on the rich literature on governance, we make eight practical suggestions regarding the governance of young entrepreneurial firms. We suggest that early and effective governance systems may help entrepreneurs and investors work in alignment with each other's best interests. 相似文献