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在时下流行的Android平台上研究应用Java反射机制,提高开发Android软件的灵活性、可扩展性,使得软件系统具有自适应能力,并在运行时随外部环境的变化而改变自身,实现程序的动态演进.介绍了反射的概念和Java反射机制,对Android应用程序与Web服务进行的Xml数据交互时.采用反射机制实现了域对象(Domain Object)信息的动态解析并封装成JavaBean类供应用程序使用,并给出了具体实现方法实例. 相似文献
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Java语言中的元数据机制及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在介绍Java元数据机制的基础上,描述基于Java元数据功能的数据库浏览器的实现方法。Java语言提供了反射API,用于动态获取对象式类的结构信息,Java Annotation被用来在Java程序中描述元数据。 相似文献
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java语言中Reflection机制在基础教材中没有涉及到,深入到Java Web编程中经常用到的API中的reflect包中几个类的源代码,针对Reflection机制动态加载类的一些应用,研究、探讨了Java中难度较大且非常重要的反射机制。 相似文献
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以C语言上机考试系统的自动评分模块为例,介绍和分析了各种题型的评分策略及此关键技术的解决方案,并给出了部分源代码．针对传统的编程题自动评分方法以结果论成败,不符合教师人工阅卷习惯的问题,提出了一种基于程序理解的动态测试与静态分析组合方法的编程题评分策略,该方法适用于考察考生对程序算法和关键语义的正确理解,使得评分结果更加符合人工阅卷的思维过程． 相似文献
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基于Java编程技术,针对C/S(客户/服务器)模式的应用编写网络通信程序,介绍了Java的网络编程,通过实例实现了基于TCP的服务器端程序. 相似文献
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基于Java的网络通信程序 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
辛英 《济南职业学院学报》2008,(1):84-86
Java语言是SUN公司研发的面向对象的计算机程序语言,因其具有强大的网络编程接口,使网络编程进一步走向面向对象编程方式,也使得网络编程变得越来越简单。本文阐述了使用Java编程语言对基于客户/服务器模式的应用编写网络通信程序,讨论了Socket机制、输入输出流以及程序实现代码。 相似文献
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传输层进行网络通信编程的接口是Socket,它是通用的开发网络通信程序标准。本文介绍了基于UDP协议Socket编程机制和原理,提出了在C/S模型下以Java Socket来部署和实现网络通信的步骤和方法。 相似文献
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Java的异常处理机制增强了程序的容错能力,提高了程序的可读性和可维护性。对Java的异常处理技术展开了深入的探讨,并结合实例说明了Java异常处理技术在编程中的应用。 相似文献
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针对当前E-learning平台功能模块动态更新的应用需求,深入研究了Java类加载器的体系结构,动态类加载机制原理、实现过程、实现方法和类加载机制的特殊情况.在E-learning平台开发过程中,利用Java的类加载机制和反射机制,设计具有微内核的系统框架,实现具有hot swap功能的系统扩展机制,增强了E-learning平台的灵活性和扩展性,有效的解决了系统功能扩展和系统稳定之间的矛盾. 相似文献
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邓如涛 《湖南科技学院学报》2007,28(4):61-63
异常处理是应用程序非常重要的一个方面,程序在运行时发生错误或异常情况是不可避免的。Java语言采用面向对象的异常处理机制,提供了丰富的出错和异常情况的处理措施,减小了编程的工作量,增加了程序的灵活性,增强了程序的可读性和可靠性。本文从异常基本知识和异常处理机制出发,分析了异常的层次结构,对常见的异常类在Jbuilder9中实现捕捉。 相似文献
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Meeting the challenge of program accountability is a goal for teacher education programs across the USA. In this context, achieving effective assessment practices that provide concrete evidence of program participants’ knowledge and skills has become both an increasingly significant issue and a challenge to teacher education programs seeking to document the attainment of their program learning outcomes. This qualitative study examined the portfolio reflections of 51 teachers enrolled in an advanced master’s degree program whose learning outcomes are aligned with the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Using the four levels of reflection and a fifth level that emerged from data analysis, we examined the levels of development and change in teachers’ reflections across the program. This analysis helped the researchers to determine to what degree teachers developed a reflection‐based inquiry stance in their classrooms during the program. The study contributes new findings to the body of literature on the role and function of portfolios in teacher education programs seeking to document teachers’ understanding and application of specific program goals and professional standards as a result of professional development coursework. As an authentic assessment tool, portfolio data (i.e., evidence such as the reflections contained therein) can provide an important lens for capturing teachers’ approach to teaching and learning and provides insight into the complexity of professional development for practicing teachers. 相似文献
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Skill Acquisition and Reflection‐based Decision Making in a Teaching Laboratory: an evaluative study
Hans Gerhard Klinzing 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1988,11(2):167-175
This paper continues the tradition of research, development and evaluation of teaching laboratories, and, at the same time, extends earlier research in two directions: by placing more emphasis on the improvement of a reflection‐based decision‐making ability in becoming a teacher (beyond effective skill acquisition), and by concentrating on the improvement of presentation skills, an area neglected in teacher training. Based on research on teaching and teacher training, a training program was developed for enhancing the trainees’ nonverbal expressiveness in presentations that, by fostering reflection‐based decision making through experimenting with presentation skills in a laboratory with feedback and discussions, also improves the clarity, interest and social climate of presentations. The evaluation of the most recent Version of this program reveals that significant gains could be achieved not only in nonverbal expressiveness as an indicator for successful skill acquisition, but also in the global aspects of successful lecturing indicating that the program was also effective for the improvement of the trainees’ reflection‐based decision making. 相似文献
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Studies on teachers’ grading suggest that school grades depend not only on students’ performance but also on teachers’ bias toward specific social categories. Numerous studies tested the existence of discrimination in grading using different strategies and focusing on multiple students’ characteristics. This study aims to summarise those studies by identifying (1) the methodologies used, (2) the characteristics on which discrimination is based and (3) the empirical results. We conducted a scoping review where studies were selected blindly by the two authors. The initial search was conducted on ERIC, Education Database and PsycInfo and 37 studies were finally identified. A comparison among the included studies suggests that the main strategies used are experiments and regression analysis on the difference between blind and non-blind scores, while gender, race/ethnicity and migration background are the most frequently tested characteristics. Finally, on average studies confirmed the presence of discrimination in grading still with some exceptions and, sometimes, under specific conditions. To conclude, it is challenging to test teachers’ discrimination through grading and to date the methodologies used have some limitations. However, on average, empirical evidence suggests that school grades are affected by teachers’ bias. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTInternationalisation of curriculum (IoC) practices promote students developing knowledge of other cultures, attitudes, values and ethics. This conceptual article argues that embedding critical reflection in the IoC program – through integrating insights from both IoC thinkers and critical reflection literature – may allow educators and students to not only gain understanding and/or competency in other cultures but better address questions of privilege, power and colonisation and thereby interrogate their own normative cultural understandings. Borrowing from debates within IoC pedagogy, as well as from Ahmed’s work on critical reflection, this article also argues that cross/intercultural understanding should be understood (and taught) not as a competency but a disposition towards thinking, analysing and understanding the world which is based on critiquing the ‘self’ and its relationship with the ‘other’. 相似文献
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In this paper, we explore the process of becoming a teacher educator in the pedagogical use of digital tools in mathematics teaching. The study took place in the context of an in-service program during the trainees’ engagement in their practicum fieldwork activities including the process observation–reflection–design–implementation–reflection. We explored the features of this context that facilitated the trainees’ transition from the level of trainee educator to the level of teacher educator as well as the nature of the trainees’ documentation work for teachers. The results showed that observation of other teacher educators’ teaching in conjunction with reflection during the program’s respective sessions facilitated the trainees’ transition to the professional level. The identified operational invariants underlying the trainees’ designs concerned the focus of their observation in teacher education classrooms, the importance they attributed to the constraints and opportunities provided by the wider educational context and epistemological issues regarding the teaching and learning of mathematics with technology. The analysis of trainees’ designs revealed three kinds of documents (“explanatory,” “instructive” and “facilitative”) and corresponding roles of trainees during the implementation. These documents targeted different aspects of TPACK depending on the trainees’ conceptualizations of teachers’ roles either “as students” or “of students.” 相似文献
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Luigina Mortari 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(5):525-545
The notion of reflection has become an object of attention in education, but the research on this topic is often reduced to mere reflective practice. A relevant part of educational literature portrays reflection as a wholly beneficial practice for practitioners, but also for researchers. In the nursing field, in particular, reflection is largely practised and deeply examined. Reflection is specifically encouraged in teacher education, where ‘how-to’ manuals are widely used to explain strategies for turning teachers into reflective practitioners. In some cases, a specific kind of reflective approach is proposed, such as critical reflection. From the analysis of this technical literature, I observe that a wide range of approaches for fostering reflection have been applied, but little research evidence shows how effective these approaches are. Taking this problem into account, this article presents a research study on reflection. It first introduces a specific and unusual concept of reflection – that of phenomenological conception – and then goes on to develop an empirical investigation that enacts a phenomenological method of inquiry and is aimed at exploring the potential of the use of journal writing as a tool for enhancing reflection, and documents the data that emerged. The research was developed in a university context where the student teachers were asked to ‘reflect on the life of the mind’, in order to learn how to take a reflective stance. The student teachers wrote entries in a reflective journal in which they were requested to describe the lived experiences of the mind as they came to their reflective attention. The data emerging from the experience were made sense of through a qualitative method of analysis. The findings of the research are useful for designing an effective method for enhancing reflective practice. 相似文献
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D. Royce Sadler 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2005,30(2):175-194
The increasing use of criteria‐based approaches to assessment and grading in higher education is a consequence of its sound theoretical rationale and its educational effectiveness. This article is based on a review of the most common grading policies that purport to be criteria‐based. The analysis shows that there is no common understanding of what criteria‐based means or what it implies for practice. This has inhibited high‐quality discourse, research and development among scholars and practitioners. Additionally, the concepts of ‘criteria’ and ‘standards’ are often confused and, despite the use of criteria, the fundamental judgments teachers make about the quality of student work remain subjective and substantially hidden from the students’ view. As they stand, none of the approaches identified in the survey is fully capable of delivering on the aspirations of criteria‐based grading. Shifting the primary focus to standards and making criteria secondary could, however, lead to substantial progress. 相似文献
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Christine Lotter Gregory T. Rushton Jonathan Singer 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2013,24(8):1263-1291
The purpose of this study was to investigate high school teachers’ beliefs about inquiry instruction and determine how their beliefs influenced their use of inquiry after a professional development program. Thirty-six high school science teachers participated in this study. The professional development program consisted of a 2-week summer institute as well as academic year support. The summer program included discipline-specific content lessons that utilized inquiry-based instruction, pedagogical practice involving the use of a summer high school enrichment program, and reflection on this practice-teaching in content area groups. Both in-depth qualitative interview and written reflection data were collected as well as data from the teachers’ classroom implementation of inquiry. Based on the analysis of the teachers’ interviews and classroom enactments, the teachers were placed into four enactment categories: Integrated, Emerging, Laboratory-based, and Activity-focused. We used Windschitl’s (Rev Educ Res 72(2):131–175, 2002) four constructivist dilemmas as a framework to understand the teachers’ enactments. We describe the teachers’ beliefs and practices in each enactment category as well as the components of the professional development model that were important to making changes in the teachers’ practices. In the conclusion, we connect the enactment levels to the professional development experience and suggest future directions for professional developers to move teachers toward more integrated inquiry practices. 相似文献