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1.
Yu‐Fen Yang 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2011,42(4):687-700
As students' problem‐solving processes in writing are rarely observed in face‐to‐face instruction, they have few opportunities to participate collaboratively in peer review to improve their texts. This study reports the design of a reciprocal peer review system for students to observe and learn from each other when writing. A sample of 95 undergraduate students was recruited to construct texts with the support of web‐based reciprocal peer review in the processes of modelling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection and exploration. The results of the study revealed that these six processes helped students externalise and visualise their internal writing processes so that they could observe and learn from peers in writing as well as support peers in making text revisions. During their extensive and reciprocal interactions with various peers, students addressed mutual concerns in each other's text revisions. They constructed collaborative language knowledge for text improvement as local revisions (grammatical corrections) and global revisions (corrections on the development, organization or style of a text) were made in their final texts. The students' perceptions towards text improvement in this web‐based peer review of modelling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection and exploration are also discussed in this study. 相似文献
2.
《Educational Assessment》2013,18(4):287-314
Both recent research and practitioners' classroom experience repeatedly affirm that the opportunity to obtain peer response and revise rough drafts helps writers to improve their texts. With the god of aligning assessment with exemplary instructional practices, writing on the Maryland School Performance Assessment Program tests is assessed through a multiday, process-oriented framework. Results of a study analyzing students' peer response feedback and subsequent revisions through comparison of rough and final draft stage writing at Grades 3, 5, and 8 suggest that within this testing context, students' peer response is unengaged, minimal, and formulaic; revisions are similarly sparse and superficial, with scores on final drafts remaining the same or decreasing with greater frequency than they increase. This investigation demonstrates that elements of classroom-based "writing process" instruction cannot simply be inserted into otherwise unchanged assessment formats. It suggests instead a number of principles to guide a more sophisticated reconceptualization of performance-based writing assessments, the kinds of instruction they support, and the interdisciplinary research methods that inquiry into their implementation demands, 相似文献
3.
John Keen 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(3):255-280
This article discusses revisions to personal narrative writing made by Year 7 students (aged 11–12) in a UK secondary school. The concept of strategic revision was used as a basis for analysing drafts and revised texts in order to investigate strategies and techniques deployed by students in the process of revision and how these related to expectations student writers had of their readers. These analyses suggest that, given a reasonably supportive instructional environment, some Year 7 students can revise their own written texts strategically, and that in doing so they may recruit, and perhaps acquire, a range of writing skills and associated procedural knowledge. They also suggest that in the process of revising their texts, some student writers may have altered their expectations of their readers' understanding, ability to interpret and willingness to empathise. Implications for researching writing processes and for the writing curriculum are suggested, including the use of students' revisions to tap into the complex sets of procedural knowledge which seem to underlie aspects of writing and writing development. 相似文献
4.
通过对48 名大学生英语写作中同伴作文修改的实证研究, 评价同伴作文修改对作文定稿的影响。具体研究大学生对同伴作文修改形式的认可情况(以更为熟悉的教师修改情况为参照) 以及在同伴作文修改过程中, 学生是如何针对作文内容、组织、词语、语法、以及技术失误等方面进行修改的。实证证明, 同伴作文修改是英语作文教学的一种有效方式。 相似文献
5.
Montserrat Castelló Anna I?esta Marta Pardo Eva Liesa Reinaldo Martínez-Fernández 《Higher Education》2012,63(1):97-115
This intervention study aimed at helping undergraduate students of psychology learn to use the discursive resources useful
to make academic voice visible in their texts and to improve their writing practices. The intervention involved tutorial meetings
and collaborative revisions in two different learning environments, on-line and face-to face. The final text quality, the
students’ knowledge and the amount and the quality of revisions were assessed in both conditions. Results show that the quality
of the texts improved for both intervention groups in contrast with for control group, and better texts were related with
higher rates of revision and more students’ satisfaction with the intervention. 相似文献
6.
The Development of Text Evaluation and Revision Skills 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carole R. Beal 《Child development》1990,61(1):247-258
Children in elementary school settings generally do not revise frequently or skillfully, but relatively little is known about the source of their difficulty with revision. 3 studies were conducted to investigate children's developing ability to evaluate and revise problematic texts. In the first 2 studies, fourth-grade (10 years) and sixth-grade (12 years) students were asked to evaluate 3 types of problematic texts and suggest changes to make the texts easier to understand. In the third study, children were asked whether 4 types of revisions improved the comprehensibility of problematic stories. The results showed, first, that older children detected more of the text problems; second, that when younger children spontaneously detected a text problem they were as likely as older children to revise the text adequately; third, that younger children were less able than older children to revise text problems that they had originally overlooked; and, fourth, that younger children overestimated the informativeness of several types of revisions. The results suggest that developmental differences in constructive processing contribute to children's ability to detect and revise text problems. 相似文献
7.
S Livingston 《American annals of the deaf》1989,134(1):21-26
Deaf high school students at different schools shared second drafts of their own narratives via an electronic bulletin board after conferencing with their repective teachers. This article characterizes the kinds of questions teachers asked during the conferences and the kinds of revisions the students made between first and second drafts. Results indicate that teachers most often ask questions that require student to provide more information; yet these questions do not affect revision as much as questions which require students to rephrase specific language. Students typically either added or substituted words or phrases that showed both similarities to and differences from the revision patterns of inexperienced writers with normal hearing. In the majority of cases, trained readers rated the deaf students' revised drafts better than their first attempts, signifying the central role revision plays in the composition process. 相似文献
8.
Astrid Wichmann Alexandra Funk Nikol Rummel 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(1):165-184
The act of revising is an important aspect of academic writing. Although revision is crucial for eliminating writing errors and producing high-quality texts, research on writing expertise shows that novices rarely engage in revision activities. Providing information on writing errors by means of peer feedback has become a popular method in writing instruction. However, despite its popularity, students have difficulties in leveraging the potential of peer feedback: feedback uptake is low and students engage in little revision. Instructional support might help learners to make sense of peer feedback and to reflect on the provided information more deeply. The present study investigated the effect of sense-making support on feedback uptake as well as on revision skills, in particular problem detection and problem correction. In an experimental study, 73 university students were randomly assigned to conditions with or without sense-making support. The results indicate that feedback uptake improved concerning two out of three variables: students in the condition with sense-making support made fewer new errors and rejected more incorrect feedback comments. Students’ revision skills only improved with regard to problem detection. Overall, we were able to show that peer feedback alone might not be sufficient to make successful changes in the text and improve revision skills. Sense-making support proved to be effective to some extent and partially helped to maximize the benefits of peer feedback. 相似文献
9.
Carmen Rodríguez-Gonzalo 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(4):879-898
AbstractThis article presents an innovative experience which links grammar teaching with writing, following the premises of the Grammar Didactic Sequences (GDS) with one basic objective: to create a situation in which students learn to reflect on the language they use and are able to use these reflections to improve their writing. The GDS, focused on the use of past tense verb forms, was carried out with fourth-year secondary school students in Spain. This article highlights the difficulties experienced by students when using grammatical concepts as elements to control usage and the importance of revising texts in order to create metalinguistic awareness in a recursive didactic process: from grammar to writing, from writing to grammatical revision, and final version writing. 相似文献
10.
Rachael Ruegg 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2016,41(2):199-212
This exploratory study investigated the effect of assessing both process and product compared to assessing written products alone. Two groups of students received teacher feedback over a one-year period. One group was assessed on their revisions in addition to the quality of final drafts, while a second group was assessed on the quality of final drafts alone. The uptake of feedback, in the form of revision attempts, and the success of those attempts were compared between the two groups using a Mann–Whitney U-test. In addition, improvement in writing performance was measured and compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance. It was found that the group assessed on process had significantly higher uptake of feedback than the group assessed on product alone. However, the increased uptake consisted of unsuccessful revision attempts, while the number of successful revisions was almost identical between the groups. It was also found that the group assessed on final product alone improved significantly more than the group assessed on process in terms of essay content. It is concluded that the assessment of feedback may not be necessary in some contexts, and suggestions are given for increasing the quality of learning achieved by teacher feedback. 相似文献
11.
Although the effectiveness of peer review has been examined, few have tested the joint benefits of providing and receiving feedback features and quality in L2 contexts. The present study investigated variation in key features and quality of feedback provided and received by high and low L2 proficiency students and its benefits on revision in the authentic setting of students experiencing both roles of providing and receiving peer feedback in English academic writing. Analyses on two drafts from 50 students, 1356 idea units of anonymous implementable peer feedback and back-evaluation ratings revealed that the combined effect of providing and receiving feedback on revision was prominent for all students. But the bilateral benefits of providing and receiving feedback features were more significant for high proficiency students, while providing feedback features and quality benefited low proficiency students more. The study implies that students need more bilateral training with both providing and receiving feedback. 相似文献
12.
《师资教育杂志》2012,38(3):225-241
This article, based on the guidance of 17 teacher education students during their final term, presents the theoretical framework, procedures and results of an extensive experiment with portfolio assessment combined with peer tutoring. A recent reform programme in higher education in Norway has as one of its aims to improve the quality of teaching and better facilitate learning in universities and university colleges. One important aspect of the reform programme is to encourage greater diversity in student assessment, and to establish a closer link between the learning process and the methods of examination. Following up on those intentions, the students are encouraged to work more systematically on written texts as a strategy for learning, accompanied by responses to their drafts offered by the course tutors. The idea of portfolio assessment is central in the reform programme, as also is the concept of reflection. During a term 17 student teachers worked regularly in peer groups giving responses to each other's drafts, which also included separate reflection papers related to their work in the response groups. This way of working seems to have had a positive impact on their learning both as students and as a basis for their further development as professional teachers. 相似文献
13.
Kathleen Hogan 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):855-882
The purpose of this study was to examine students' roles during a long-term collaborative task that required them to master complex sets of cognitive, regulatory and social skills needed for building knowledge largely from their own and their peers' ideas and observations. Samples of discourse were collected from 24 8th grade students in eight groups within four classrooms throughout a 12-week unit on constructing and testing mental models of the nature of matter. Eight prominent sociocognitive roles that served socio-emotional, conceptual and metacognitive functions are described. The roles are related to individual students' perspectives on learning, and to the levels of reasoning each group achieved. The results can be used to raise students' and teachers' awareness of the personal resources, interactive processes and norms that can support or derail knowledge construction in collaborative groups. 相似文献
14.
Peer reviewers learn from giving comments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Research on peer reviewing has revealed that comments received from peer reviewers are helpful when it comes to making revisions
in an individual’s writing, but the role of providing comments to peer writers has been little explored despite the potential
value of such research. In this study, we explored how student reviewers learn by reviewing peer drafts in the context of
reciprocal peer reviewing. Undergraduate students in an introductory physics course participated in this study as part of
their course activities. Participants wrote technical research drafts, reviewed three or four peer drafts, and revised their
own drafts in the SWoRD system. A total of 3,889 comment segments were analyzed in two dimensions: (a) evaluation (strength
vs. weakness) and (b) scope (surface, micro-meaning, and macro-meaning). We found that providing weakness comments for micro-meaning
and strength comments for macro-meaning improved the reviewers’ writing qualities. In addition, reviewers’ initial writing
skills and the quality of reviewed peer drafts influenced the types of comments given. The results are discussed, along with
their implications for improved writing through reviewing. 相似文献
15.
This paper reports on a study designed to investigate (a) whether peer review is an effective pedagogical activity with adult
Chinese students in the teaching of second language (L2) academic writing and (b) how factors such as perceptions of the influence
of peer reviewers’ L2 proficiency, previous experience with peer review, feedback preferences, and culturally-based beliefs
and practices relate to the effectiveness of the pedagogical activity. Participants were 20 English-as-an-L2 learners from
China who were enrolled in an academic writing class for postgraduate students at a Singaporean university. Data included
first drafts of an academic writing assignment, written peer comments, revised drafts of the assignment, responses to a questionnaire,
and interviews. Quantitative analyses of the peer comments and revisions to the drafts show that significant improvement in
the revised drafts was linked to peer feedback. Further statistical analyses indicate that the learner variables of interest
did not affect the effectiveness of the peer review activity. In addition, qualitative analyses of the questionnaire data
and the interviews reveal a general acceptance of peer review as a socioculturally appropriate pedagogical activity for Chinese
students. The results of the study are interpreted with an understanding of its limitations, and directions for further research
are also discussed. 相似文献
16.
Despite the wide use of peer assessment, questions about the helpfulness of peer feedback are frequently raised. In particular, it is unknown whether, how and to what extent peer feedback can help solve problems in initial texts in complex writing tasks. We investigated this research gap by focusing on the case of writing literature reviews in an academic writing course. The dataset includes two drafts from 21 students, sampled to represent a wide range of document qualities, and 84 anonymous peer reviews, involving 1,289 idea units. Our study revealed that: (1) at both substance and high prose levels, drafts of all quality levels demonstrated more common problems on advanced writing issues (e.g. counter-argument); (2) peer feedback was driven by difficulty of the problem rather than overall draft quality, peer comments were not well aligned with the relative frequency of problems, more comments were given to less difficult problems; (3) peer feedback had a moderate impact on revision, and importantly, receiving multiple comments on the same issue led to more repairs and improvement of draft quality, but consistent with the comments received, authors tended to fix basic problems more often. Implications for practice and research are drawn from these findings. 相似文献
17.
This study analyses the relationship between collaborative review and final quality of a text, as part of an intervention in which writing was used as an epistemic tool and students acted alternately as writers and reviewers. Participants included 49 psychology students, who wrote three successive versions of an argumentative synthesis. They received feedback from peers and the teacher for each of these versions. The quality of the final text, suggestions for change provided by the teacher and student reviewers on 196 drafts and the evolution of the texts during the review process were analysed. Results indicated differences regarding the type of comments and the impact on the final text, identified certain aspects of collaborative review that predicted the quality of the final text and showed the existence of different writer and reviewer profiles that had a differential impact on the quality of the final text. 相似文献
18.
Peer assessment can be important in developing active and independent learners, as well as providing more and faster feedback in large classes, compared to marking done by tutors. In addition, the evaluative, critical stance required by students in order to assess their peers' work encourages the development of higher-order cognitive skills. Changing roles from being assessed to being an assessor can also improve students' ability to judge and improve on their own work. However, peer assessment does have potential problems and there is some debate as to the appropriate academic level at which to implement it, the kinds of feedback that are given and the ways in which students respond. In addition, there is little evidence that peer assessment has an impact on academic performance. This research reports the results of an online peer assessment exercise for a macroeconomics essay conducted in a large Economics 1 class at Rhodes University. Of the 800 students, about half participated in the peer assessment exercise. Data were collected from students via a formal course evaluation. In addition, a sample of 50 essays was evaluated in terms of the relationship between peer marks and final (tutor) marks received and the impact that peer assessment had on the quality of the final essay submitted. An Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to investigate the impact of peer assessment participation on marks. Results showed that peer marks tended to ‘bunch’ in the 60–68% range, indicating the reluctance of peers to give very high or low marks. In general, peers gave more useful feedback on technical aspects, such as presentation and referencing (which were also the categories in which students most often made improvements), than on content. Regression analysis showed that peer assessment participation was not a significant determinant of final essay mark, but that economics ability and English language proficiency were. 相似文献
19.
任小华 《黄石理工学院学报(人文社科版)》2008,25(1):70-73
文章对大学英语专业三年级学生的作文初稿、修改稿及教师评语类型进行了研究,表明：学生对教师评语有不同程度的反应,细微修改在四种修改情况中所占比重最大,其次重大修改和删除,没有修改的情况最少;三种评语类型中,提问方式对学生作文修改的影响最大。 相似文献
20.
This study examines the impact of an assessment training module on student assessment skills and task performance in a technology-facilitated peer assessment. Seventy-eight undergraduate students participated in the study. The participants completed an assessment training exercise, prior to engaging in peer-assessment activities. During the training, students reviewed learning concepts, discussed marking criteria, graded example projects and compared their evaluations with the instructor’s evaluation. Data were collected in the form of initial and final versions of students’ projects, students’ scoring of example projects before and after the assessment training, and written feedback that students provided on peer projects. Results of data analysis indicate that the assessment training led to a significant decrease in the discrepancy between student ratings and instructor rating of example projects. In addition, the degree of student vs. instructor discrepancy was highly predictive of the quality of feedback that students provided to their peers and the effectiveness of revisions that they made to their own projects upon receiving peer feedback. Smaller discrepancies in ratings were associated with provision of higher quality peer feedback during peer assessment, as well as better revision of initial projects after peer assessment. 相似文献