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1.
目前,学术界对于科学中心展示的探讨多集中在观众的满意度及其学习成效上,但对展示的概念以及如何进行科技阐释作为一种既定的程式却少有研究。因此,本文从伯恩斯坦的社会符码理论出发,对科学中心内展品以及贯穿其中的科技叙事结构进行探讨,形成科学展品的深奥、隐喻、公共及神秘(反思)的符码框架和包括技术、历史、社会文化及哲学四大层面的科技叙事结构,以期从展示本身的角度给科学中心提供可行的理论框架。 相似文献
2.
Denise Haunani Solomon Leanne K. Knobloch Mary Anne Fitzpatrick 《Communication Studies》2013,64(1):146-167
Previous research on dating relationships suggests that perceptions of a partner's power exert a chilling effect on the expression of relational grievances. This paper extends the chilling effect perspective by examining two issues: (a) whether a partner's power corresponds with decisions to withhold complaints within marriage, and (b) whether the manifestation of the chilling effect varies as a Junction of individual differences in marital schema. Married individuals (N = 215) completed questionnaire measures of a partner's power, marital schema, and decisions to withhold complaints from spouses. Findings underscore the importance of both power and marital schema within spouses’ decisions to express complaints. 相似文献
3.
Dave Gelders René Patesson Sofie Vandoninck Pascale Steinberg Sara Van Malderen Pablo Nicaise Brice De Ruyver Isidore Pelc Mohan Jyoti Dutta Keith Roe Freya Vander Laenen 《Government Information Quarterly》2009
We bring different theories together to develop a theoretical framework that helps to understand how early warning messages about (new) dangerous drugs can influence the public's perception of substance use. We bring together the agenda setting theory, framing theory, dual processing theory, social learning theory, health belief model, theory of planned behavior, and cultivation theory in order to explain how warning messages diffused through the mass media can have an impact on the receivers' perceptions. Based on these insights we construct the Integrated Media Effect Framework (IMFE) that takes into account the role of cultural and structural contexts in the realm of early warning systems (EWS). Ultimately, this framework provides valuable guidelines for conceptualizing EWS and for developing applications by governments. 相似文献
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This study examined gender portrayal in a sample of 345 television commercials broadcast during children's programmes in Hong Kong and Korea using content analysis. Literature suggests that Hong Kong culture differs from Korean culture on the dimension of Masculinity/Femininity proposed by Hofstede. The differences between the two countries provide a valid test of theory, and suggest hypotheses about the gender portrayal in children's advertising. The results of the study showed, contrary to expectations from Hofstede's framework, that the gender portrayal of central characters and the level of gender stereotyping in Hong Kong commercials was similar to those of Korean commercials. Possible explanations include the emerging homogeneous youth market using a standardized advertising strategy, and the rising concern for women's rights in Korea. 相似文献
5.
For some international students, teachers' nonverbal immediacy may constitute a violation of expectations in classroom behavior. Using Expectancy Violation Theory framework, this study investigated differences in students ‘perceptions of teachers’ nonverbal immediacy by comparing American and international students studying in the U.S. The findings confirmed that (1) teachers' nonverbal immediacy is perceived as more appropriate by American students than by international students, (2) there are differences in evaluations of specific nonverbal immediacy behaviors by American students and international students, and (3) perceptions depended on student gender for some behaviors, but not teacher's gender. Learning was more positively related to perceived immediacy behaviors for international students than their American counterparts. 相似文献
6.
Lili Luo Author Vitae 《Library & information science research》2011,33(3):191-201
A survey was conducted among library and information science (LIS) practitioners to examine the effect of the research methods course on LIS practitioners' work. Findings suggest the research methods course is a valuable component of the master's in library and information science (MLIS) program. Taking the research methods course increases LIS practitioners' research interest and assists them by helping them critically evaluate published literature and apply it at work, provide better assistance to library patrons, produce valid and reliable data to facilitate decision making, identify problems at work and design and implement studies to solve them, and write grants and for publication. Suggestions are made to improve the research methods curriculum and enhance the educational experience for LIS practitioners. 相似文献
7.
近年来,伴随教育改革,科学中心作为非正式教育的重要场所,逐渐将科学探究作为科学学习的核心。在改革浪潮之下,一些传统的展品理念已无法满足观众从“被动操作工”到“自主探究者”角色转变的需求,同时场馆也需要在展品创作上获得更多自由。本文选取探索馆的一个展品研究项目作为案例,借助对具体展品的观众研究和设计特征分析,详述以转变观众角色为目标的展品设计要点和策略,希望为国内科技馆建设及展品设计研究提供启示与参考。 相似文献
8.
Hiding in plain sight: Paratextual utterances as tools for information-related research and practice
Through a qualitative content analysis of a purposive sample (the 2010 finalists of the Canadian Governor General's Literary Awards in both French and English), this study investigates what information can be gleaned from the book-as-object using peritext as a research tool. Using the theories of Gérard Genette, who defined the paratext, and Pierre Bourdieu, this research posits that paratextual utterances serve as an expression and tool of the cultural realm of publication and can be used for informational purposes in library and information science (LIS) research and practice. Findings indicate that the peritext is a rich source for gathering information about authorship and publishing as it reveals contextually relevant information, shares the author's informational tools, constructs the author, markets titles, and provides relevant information for specific age groups and genres. Discussion centers on the impact for libraries and the LIS community, with a focus on readers' advisory. 相似文献
9.
Doris Ash 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2004,47(1):84-100
This paper explores the role of questioning in scientific meaning‐making as families talk, look and gesture in front of realistic and artful dioramas at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. The focus is on the ways questioning can either enable movement towards scientific understanding or hinder such progress. The socio‐cultural framework of this research emphasizes Vygotsky's interpretation of the zone of proximal development (zpd). Questions are viewed as tools for mediation in the zpd. This paper examines three families' dialogues, excerpted from a larger study of collaborative sense‐making among family groups in a natural history museum. It seeks to understand how collaborative dialogue meshes everyday understandings with canonical science, in this case through the use of questions. 相似文献
10.
《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(2):84-91
Films have become an essential asset to transnational media corporations (TNMCs) such as Sony, Time Warner, or Disney. Since the 1990s these and other corporations have utilized a strategy called event movie. The central goal of this marketing strategy is to ensure the success of a film, as well as to provide content for the many different divisions owned or controlled by TNMCs, for example home entertainment, cable, and pay-television. The event movie strategy takes advantage of the film industry's macro structure and combines established concepts (blockbuster, high-concept marketing) with new business models, turning the value chain into a value cycle. This article describes an analytical framework for the event movie strategy that is used by the world's leading TNMCs. As a conclusion, the framework of the event movie strategy can be applied to better understand the success of individual films. The concept can also be expanded to describe the individual TNMC's strategy within the field of audiovisual content. 相似文献
11.
The diverse array of contributions to the discipline of e-government, from evaluative frameworks and conceptual models to guidelines for initiatives and implementation architectures, evidences the requirement, both from the researcher's and the practitioner's standpoint, of sound theoretical foundations that can be applied directly in practice. We propose a cycle between theory and practice where theoretical approaches will support informed empirical studies of initiatives and enable the processes for future implementations, the analysis of which will lead to more encompassing theories. Upon this proposition, we present a theoretical analysis of e-government evolution and subsequently test the results of this analysis against two real-life cases. The juxtaposition of the theoretical positions and the practical findings leads us to the development of a set of guidelines for the analysis and design of e-government information systems. We frame these guidelines into an existing reference model for information systems development. Thus, the paper's contribution lies on three axes: first, the furthering of a theoretical perspective of e-government; second, the combination of theory and practice in the effort to understand practical particularities of the field; and third, the introduction of a usable set of design guidelines that can be applied in future implementations. 相似文献
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The German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) developed a Web-based platform for audiovisual media. The audiovisual portal optimizes access to scientific videos such as computer animations and lecture and conference recordings. TIB's AV-Portal combines traditional cataloging and automatic indexing of audiovisual media. The article describes metadata standards for audiovisual media and introduces the TIB's metadata schema in comparison to other metadata standards for non-textual materials. Additionally, we give an overview of multimedia retrieval technologies used for the Portal and present the AV-Portal in detail as well as the additional value for libraries and their users. 相似文献
13.
Lyda Fontes McCartin 《International Information and Library Review》2018,50(2):163-169
The question of academic librarian status has resulted in academic librarians approaching relationships with faculty as one of deference, where they cede power to disciplinary faculty regardless of their own expertise. To date, no research has explored why academic librarians engage in deference behavior when working with disciplinary faculty. Self-efficacy, a person's beliefs in their ability to perform a task, may be an appropriate theoretical framework to begin exploring this behavior. This pilot study explores the perceived self-efficacy of Colorado academic librarians holding an instruction and/or liaison role (n = 68) in order to examine academic librarians' levels of perceived self-efficacy and its relationship to faculty status and years in profession. Results indicate that there is not a significant relationship between perceived self-efficacy and faculty status or years in profession but that gender is significantly associated with perceived self-efficacy. Results also indicate a change in self-efficacy as library faculty progress between faculty ranks. Avenues for future research on academic librarian self-efficacy are suggested and implications for public services managers are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Parents play a pivotal role in the gender development and sex-typing of children. It is important to discover whether gender role communication differences exist based on the sex of the child or parent. The present study aimed to discover differences in gender role messages communicated between mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son dyads. Participants (n = 630) completed a modified version of Bem's Sex Role Inventory. Two key results were discovered: mothers communicate significantly more feminine messages to children, regardless of child sex; and the modified BSRI identifies respondents as weak vs. strong gender identity rather than masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. 相似文献
15.
Women's epistemological development: Implications for undergraduate information literacy instruction
《Research Strategies》2001,18(3):227-238
Over the past 30 years, researchers have asked how women learn and how they fit their learning into epistemological, or knowledge, structures. Yet no one has thoroughly related women's stages of knowledge to the Association of College and Research Libraries' (ACRL's) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. This article surveys key models of intellectual development, particularly those that have investigated gender differences. It then asks how those woman-centered models might be used to re-read the ACRL's Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education and suggests some possible instructional strategies to ensure that varying stages of development are taken into account. Finally, it suggests directions for further research. 相似文献
16.
面向网络信息资源聚合搜索的细粒度聚合单元元数据研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于相关信息片段分散分布在海量且复杂多样的网络信息资源中,用户往往需要花费大量时间浏览、查询和收集所需信息。面向聚合搜索的细粒度聚合单元元数据可以深入揭示信息特征及其关联关系,促进知识发现并提升知识服务效率。因此,有必要构建细粒度聚合单元的元数据描述框架。本文以图书情报领域开放获取期刊论文、在线百科、博客等网络信息资源为数据源,采用逻辑结构分析和形式结构分析方法建立聚合单元划分框架,包括篇章层级的标题、著者等外部特征,以及节段、句群、图表单元中的话语意图和语义功能等特征;通过分析聚合单元的属性特征及复用DC、LOM元数据元素,构建描述聚合单元访问信息、物理信息和语义信息的元数据框架;设计检索数据库并采用实验法对聚合单元元数据框架进行验证。实验表明,该元数据框架可支持多类型网络信息资源、各层级细粒度聚合单元的检索,可为细粒度信息聚合与搜索提供理论基础与实践指导。图7。表6。参考文献58。 相似文献
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18.
Gunilla Lagnesjö 《文物保护研究》2015,60(6):14-19
During the ICCROM Forum on Conservation Science in 2013, one of the main themes discussed was the ability for conservation science to contribute to global societal priorities. Today's world is in many ways globalized. Human actions have an impact at local as well as global level. Information travels fast, more or less in real time. To set up a framework for international interactions and cooperation, the majority of the recognized nations have joined the United Nations and signed the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Global societal priorities are various and wide-ranging. This paper deals primarily with those that are referred to under the UN Millennium Development Goals and the term Sustainable Development. The first aims to fight extreme poverty, raise education levels, achieve gender equality, combat diseases, etc. The second deals with the interconnecting systems of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. A core aspect in the discussion is that culture and cultural heritage is integrated in all human activities, yet is diverse because culture holds various values, meanings, and functions for different groups in society. Cultural heritage is a powerful tool to reach and interact with people. It can be used for good and for ill. For conservation science as a discipline to take its professional responsibility seriously, it should contribute to the multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary environment of conservation, and enhance its benefits for society. Through advanced research it can provide historical perspectives and raise awareness of traditional methods, transforming it into ‘easily accessible’ knowledge. It can also contribute by providing facts and information that can open up different narratives based on the same cultural historical realia. Examples of how that can be done are given under the headings: social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Finally, addressing the global conservation community, the following three areas are recommended for future development: the need for process managers and facilitators; the need for active participation in the global sustainability challenges, and the need for inspirational role models and case studies. 相似文献
19.
This article examines the idiosyncratic development of Israel's communication field against the backdrop of the field's main structural dilemmas: (a) emphasis on research orientation versus on professional journalistic training and (b) firm boundaries for the field based on its mother disciplines (humanities or social sciences) versus open boundaries adopting different disciplines' research topics/methods that touch on communication phenomena. The article suggests a theoretical framework based on criteria anchored in the sociology of science and then applies these criteria to an analysis of the institutionalization and development of the Communication Institute at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from its foundation in 1964 through the 1990s. The study is based on documents from the university archive and the Guttman Institute for Applied Social Research, curricula and catalogs of communication departments in Israel, and interviews with senior researchers in the field. 相似文献