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Niels Egelund 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):88-98
Denmark is a country with a relatively high expenditure on education, and was one of the first countries in the Integration movement. Now the country is including all but 1.25 per cent of all pupils in a comprehensive school. The 1.25 per cent are attending special schools or special classes. To make this possible, 13 per cent of all students in regular schools on a yearly basis receive special needs education support as a supplement to regular education. Special education within the regular school system has existed for 99 years, and special teacher training has a 66-year history, originating in training of speech therapists. At present, the prevalence of special needs education is between 25 and 35 per cent, and this gives rise to questions about the relation between special needs education and differentiation of instruction which, in turn, has implications for training of teachers in special needs education. 相似文献
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The purpose of this qualitative multicase study was to explore the perceptions of individuals who could speak from both sides of the special education desk--as students and as teachers. The three participants for this study each received special education services for learning disabilities while in school and were currently teaching students with learning disabilities. Specifically the study focused on how participants' past experiences with receiving special education services influenced their current practice as special education teachers. Participants' views on service delivery models, the importance of teacher expectations, and the value of conceiving a learning disability as a tool rather than a deficit are discussed. 相似文献
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魏瑶 《雁北师范学院学报》2005,21(4):57-59
象声词长期以来被看作特殊词类，但对其特殊性的具体体现却缺乏专门的研究。本文在与其他词类进行比较的基础上，从多个角度探索了象声词的特殊性。认为象声词是特殊的语言符号．有着特殊的形、音、义，有特殊的语法功能和修辞功能。 相似文献
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This article reports on findings of a study which objective is the development of an instrument for systematic evaluation and improvement of the quality of teaching in special schools. The article describes the research process which led to the construction of the instrument as well as the way teachers can use the instrument to improve the quality of their teaching. The article advocates a practice perspective to professional development in special schools, as special schools in Denmark are under pressure by three international educational agendas: the agenda of accountability, the agenda of standards and the agenda of inclusion. The instrument suggests that professional development is teacher driven and not driven by the accountability agenda. The research approach was collaborative as 35 teachers and principals from 16 special schools participated in the research process. Their perceptions of quality in the practice of teaching in special schools and research literature on the quality of teaching in both mainstream schools and special schools have shaped the development of the instrument. Thus, the instrument is based on the finding, that teaching methods in general and special education are not as different as assumed. This finding is reflected in the instrument. 相似文献
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特殊儿童的生活满意度普遍低于正常儿童。家庭教养和社会公众支持作为儿童社会系统的两个重要组成部分,对特殊儿童生活的满意度具有显著的影响。特殊机构福利组织教养可以弥补家庭教养的弊端,并且提高社会公众支持水平。要提高特殊儿童的生活满意度,特殊儿童的教养方式应由家庭教养向社会福利机构教养转变。 相似文献
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The goal of this special issue is to examine how certain modes of classroom dialogue might contribute to students' learning outcomes. The articles in this special issue share the idea of classroom talk as a problem-oriented dialogue. In other words, an interactional configuration based on exchanges among students and teachers that go beyond the predominantly monologic approaches of classroom talk. In each of the contributions to this special issue, different types of learning outcomes were studied as a result of specific ways of orchestrating classroom dialogue. All in all, the studies in this special issue yield a picture of the field as a productive research area: they provide evidence for the plausibility of the assumption that dialogic orchestrations of classroom talk may produce various desired learning and developmental outcomes in students, depending on what outcomes we want to articulate, and how they are assessed. Although the studies in this special issue yield promising results for future improvements of classroom practice more (preferably longitudinal) research is required. 相似文献
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丹麦是世界上较早立法实施一体化教育的国家,其特殊教育主要有以下特点:1.灵活、完善的一体化教育体系;2.持续、稳定、高额的教育投入;3.保障家长的参与权及决定权;4.完善的师资培养、培训体制。对我们的启示:1.进一步更新发展特殊教育的观念;2.加大特殊教育的经费投入;3.因地制宜发展特殊教育4.重视特殊儿童家长的参与权;5.完善特殊教育师资培养及培训体制。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Educational Research》1998,29(2):119-130
During the past two decades Norwegian research in special education has slowly been established as a field of its own. In this chapter special education research in Norway is examined in the context of special education policy for compulsory school age. Three different domains of special education research are discussed: its domain, its epistemology, and the development of institutions of special education research. Not unexpectedly, the connection between formulation of educational policy and the realization of that policy is a big problem. 相似文献
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Inclusive special education: development of a new theory for the education of children with special educational needs and disabilities 
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下载免费PDF全文 Garry Hornby 《British Journal of Special Education》2015,42(3):234-256
Inclusive education and special education are based on different philosophies and provide alternative views of education for children with special educational needs and disabilities. They are increasingly regarded as diametrically opposed in their approaches. This article presents a theory of inclusive special education that comprises a synthesis of the philosophy, values and practices of inclusive education with the interventions, strategies and procedures of special education. Development of inclusive special education aims to provide a vision and guidelines for policies, procedures and teaching strategies that will facilitate the provision of effective education for all children with special educational needs and disabilities. 相似文献
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An implicit assumption that fostering inclusion means having shared systems encompassing the needs of all children is evident in many aspects of policy development over the past decade. Reflecting this, the implementation of ‘baseline assessment’ schemes (i.e. testing at around age 5 years) is a statutory requirement on all state-maintained special and mainstream schools in England since 1998. Our argument is that the enthusiasm for commonality has obscured the need to question the value and validity of baseline assessment schemes for children with special educational needs (and possibly some others such as children having English as an additional language). We illustrate this position with reference to data from our recent study on baseline assessment in England. The study encompassed survey data from a national sample of 982 schools, of which 107 were special schools. Between them, these special schools used 42 different baseline assessment schemes. Comparisons between our mainstream and special school respondents indicated that there were similarities in the nature and perceived value of the schemes used. However, special schools were less satisfied with their schemes. We suggest that a reappraisal of the nature and purpose of baseline assessment for pupils with special educational needs warrants greater critical debate. Without this, there is a danger that a stress on commonality, veiling an inclusion orthodoxy, will ultimately be counterproductive. 相似文献
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Joyce Gubbels Karien M. Coppens Inge de Wolf 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2018,22(11):1137-1153
There is a global trend towards including children with special needs in mainstream schools instead of placing them in special schools. However, the numbers of students in special schools varies greatly among regions due to variations in educational systems, funding arrangements – and the incentives that are associated with these arrangements – and demographic trends. In the Netherlands, a new policy aimed at inclusive education was introduced in 2014, together with financial measures to equalise funding for students with special needs across the country. The present study explored the effects of this equalisation policy, as well as the demographic trend of population decline, on dropout rates and participation rates in special education (namely, special schools for mainstream education and schools for special education). The data were retrieved from nation-wide registration systems. The results showed that population decline did not affect participation rates in special education, whereas decreases in funding did result in greater declines in participation rates in special education. Moreover, decreases in funding also resulted in higher dropout rates in areas with growing student populations. Although the reform of funding arrangements resulted in lower participation in special education, higher dropout rates might be a cost of this shift towards inclusive education. 相似文献
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美国奥巴马政府于2012年2月13日发布了2013年财政预算。新一年的教育预算中有127亿美元用于特殊教育,占总教育经费预算的18．2％,着重改善残疾儿童的教育和早期干预结果。2013年财政预算通过新增一系列特殊教育经费投入,确保0-21岁的残疾儿童少年群体接受教育,实现教育公平。本文通过对美国自2008年到2013年预算中特殊教育经费投入数据的梳理,重点比较2012年和2013年预算中特殊教育经费的投入与使用情况,分析美国特殊教育经费投入现状,为我国特殊教育经费投入与使用提出建议。 相似文献
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在我国传统行政法领域存在着一种特别权力关系理论,对于特别权力关系内部发生的内部行政行为一般不具有可诉性,如今,公民的人权意识日益增长,特别权力关系对相对公民基本权利的漠视,不仅不利于特别相对人的基本权利的保护,而且对整个国家的法治进程都会受到影响。特别权力关系理论不再完全适应当今复杂的行政法律关系,对于内部行政行为是否应该同外部具体行政行为一样具有监督机制和司法救济途径,本文进行了一些初浅的思考。 相似文献
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We introduce a special issue featuring four theoretical models of multiple text comprehension. We present a central framework for conceptualizing the four models in this special issue. Specifically, we chart the models according to how they consider learner, texts, task, and context factors in explaining multiple text comprehension. In addition, the models are contrasted along three dimensions capturing different orientations toward multiple text comprehension. Models in the special issue are described as more behaviorally or cognitively focused, as conceptualizing multiple text comprehension as an internally driven or an externally triggered process, and as directly responsive to or indirectly influenced by task. The importance and relevance of this special issue for research on multiple text comprehension are discussed. 相似文献
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《Exceptionality》2013,21(1):11-28
Recent focus on the reading skills of primary school children has led to the increase of funding for early literacy programs targeting students at risk for reading failure. In this study, self-reports of the frequency of currently advocated early literacy practices in Grades 1 through 3 were entered into regression models in an effort to predict mean language arts scores and passing rates on a 3rd-grade state examination, grade level retention, and referral for special education assessment. Regression models were also compared to models predicting rates of special education referral and retention. Findings indicate that the effect of early literacy practice on school-level outcomes depends on the measure used as an indicator of improvement. Explicit skill instruction was a significant predictor of higher passing rates on a state examination, as well as lower rates of referrals for special education assessment. However, explicit skills instruction was also a predictor of higher rates of grade retention. Holistic focus was associated with higher rates of referral for special education assessment, as well as lower retention rates. Programs that included a parent-child reading feature were associated with both lower rates of referral and grade retention. Findings are discussed in light of research in classroom environments and school reform. 相似文献
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历史上 ,慈善性和对弱者的同情与怜悯是许多人办特殊教育的出发点。目前仍有许多不正确的特殊教育价值取向观 ,影响着特殊教育的发展。在西部地区也有一些制约特殊教育发展的错误观念 ,如办学指导思想以“救济型、福利型”为主、特殊教育的布局不合理、特殊教育投资不足、特殊教育机构之间缺少协作等。为了适应西部地区进行特殊教育资源重组的要求 ,提出以下思路 :( 1 )扩大特殊教育对象 ;( 2 )促进特殊学校的职能转变 ;( 3 )提高特殊学校的办学效益 ;( 4 )进行资源配置的重组 相似文献
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Margaret J. McLaughlin Kenneth Kienas 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1989,36(2):107-116
A MODEL PROGRAM, the Administrators’ Roundtables, was developed to increase the leadership of school principals in special education. The program was designed to meet the individual needs of participants as well as provide information regarding “best practices” in the field of special education. The one‐year program components include a series of monthly roundtable sessions where principals discuss relevant topics, distribution of professional materials and information, and participant site visits to model special education programs. An evaluation of the program is given based upon a questionnaire presented to the special education staff of participants before and after they became members of the Roundtable and an interview with a sample of the participants in the program. Results indicated that the Roundtables have had a positive impact on principals’ awareness and knowledge in the area of special education policies and practices with some secondary, indirect effects on programs for students with handicaps. 相似文献