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1.
Arthur Stinner 《Science & Education》1996,5(3):247-266
this paper addresses the need for and the problem of organizing a science curriculum around contextual settings and science stories that serve to involve and motivate students to develop a scientific understanding of the world (with emphasis on physical science). A program of activities placed around contextual settings, science stories and contemporary issues of interest is recommended in an attempt to move toward a slow and secure abolition of the gulf between scientific knowledge and common sense beliefs. A conceptual development is described to guide the connection between theory and evidence on a level appropriate for children, from early years to senior years. For senior years it is also important to connect the activity of teaching to a sound theoretical structure. The theoretical structure must illuminate the status of theory in science, establish what counts as evidence, clarify the relationship between experiment and explanation, and make connections to the history of science. This paper concludes with a proposed program of activities in terms of a sequence of theoretical and empirical activities that involve contextual settings, science stories, large context problems, thematic teaching, and popular science literature teaching. 相似文献
2.
Marginalized communities cannot and do not have decontextualized experiences with how socioscientific issues, such as exposure to COVID-19 as frontline essential workers, high Black infant mortality rates, air pollution leading to respiratory problems, and other issues, affect their communities. As PreK-12 science teachers and teacher educators strive to dismantle oppressive practices in their classrooms and curriculum, it would be helpful to learn from Black women science teachers who have been engaging in anti-racist practices before the racial awakenings of Summer 2020. In this study, three different virtual focus groups, or Sista Circles, were conducted with 18 Black women secondary science teachers. Ranging from 1 to 22 years of experience, Black women teachers across the country and international participants in Canada and Qatar participated in the Sista Circles. From intersectional qualitative analysis and narrative inquiry, the findings of the study reveal that Black women science teachers enact anti-racist science teaching by bringing something new to the community; using NGSS standards within the context of the community; teaching at the intersection of history, culture, and science learning and teaching; and building critical consciousness in the science classroom. Furthermore, the findings of the study have implications for the use of anti-racist frameworks within the context of science education that were authentically the practices of the Black women in the study. This study offers insights into how the critical consciousness of Black women teachers can be represented in the science classroom even in times of nonsupport from peers and administration. The power and necessity of Black women teachers are paramount in science classrooms specifically because of the neutral, apolitical ways science teaching has been approached in the past. The narratives and stories shared here exemplify how Black women science teachers transform science teaching and learning by displaying various acts of Criticality. 相似文献
3.
This article draws from two separate classroom-based studies of early career teachers that yielded overlapping findings about the diminished opportunities teachers and teacher educators have to construct sophisticated stories about the complexities of classroom life and the ongoing process of learning to teach. The teachers' stories represent the intersection of research, policy, and practice, illuminating contradictions between teachers' beliefs about teaching and what they were able to enact in their classrooms. These findings may be leveraged to support teacher educators to support teachers to create coherent narrative identities that help them creatively respond to problems of practice and contextual constraints. 相似文献
4.
With trends across many countries still indicating the decline of student interest in school science and diminishing numbers of students studying science beyond the compulsory years, it seems that the field remains in crisis. To address these unfortunate trends, there needs to be a greater emphasis on science education research that highlights the good news stories. For example, what are science teachers actually doing in their classrooms to increase student interest and understanding in science? This article focuses on the science teaching beliefs and practices of four Western Australian primary school teachers. The teachers were nominated by a professional colleague as effective practitioners. The study involved gathering information from classroom observations and teacher interviews to provide background information to assist in developing understandings of these teachers and their science teaching. This article reports on the initial findings drawn from Deanne A, Kate B, Lisa C and Rebecca D. Their practices were organised into the following six categories: classroom environment; conceptual knowledge and procedural skills; teaching strategies and approaches; student-specific considerations; teacher-specific considerations; and context-specific considerations. In examining the components contributing to these categories, it was evident that the teachers’ beliefs, as well as the contextual factors inherent in each classroom environment, influenced how and why they teach science in the ways they do. 相似文献
5.
A review of the literature suggests a relationship between life-long development of formal reasoning schema and performance in professional education careers. The study investigated implications of cognitive development of preservice teachers as it relates to their classroom teaching performance. Ninety-one seniors involved in a field-oriented teacher education program were given classroom responsibilities which included teaching a science unit. Formal thinking abilities were assessed using two types of developmental level tasks, performance on traditional type Piagetian tasks and recognition of formal thought approaches in solving educational tasks. Professional behaviors were assessed using observational ratings of classroom instructional and planning activities. Subjects assessed as formal operational, 30% of sample, using Piagetian performance tasks, had significantly higher facility in performing model classroom teaching behaviors than transitional or concrete subjects. Higher recognition ability of formal thought approaches to teaching was not related to facility in performing classroom teaching when compared to performance on Piagetian tasks. The relationship held up in seven of eight broad teaching behavior categories observed in classroom instruction. The results supported a general portrait of teaching behavior specifically related to teachers of differing cognitive functional levels. Implications for professional training programs are discussed. 相似文献
6.
This paper reports a 4-month study that investigated the effectiveness of curriculum materials incorporating the history of
science (HOS) on learning science, understanding the nature of science (NOS), and students’ interest in science. With regards
to these objectives, three different class contexts were developed with three main types of information in history of science.
In the first class context, the similarities between students’ alternative ideas and scientific concepts from the HOS were
considered in developing teaching materials. In the second class context, the teacher developed discussion sessions on the
ways scientists produce scientific knowledge. In the third class context, short stories about scientists’ personal lives were
used without connection to the concepts of science or NOS. Ninety-one eighth-grade students were randomly assigned to four
classes taught by the same science teacher. The concepts in the motion unit and in the force unit were taught. Three of the
four classrooms were taught using the contexts provided by the HOS while the fourth class was taught in the same way that
the teacher had used in previous years. The effects on student meaningful learning, perceptions of the NOS, and interest in
science were evaluated at the beginning, at the middle, and at the end of the study to compare differences between historical
class contexts and the Traditional Class. Results of analysis showed that the changes in meaningful learning scores for the
first class context were higher than other classes but the differences between classes were not significant. The HOS affected
student perceptions of the scientific methods and the role of inference in the process of science. Stories from scientists’
personal lives consistently stimulated student interest in science, while discussions of scientific methods without these
stories decreased student interest. The positive effects of stories relating scientist’ personal life on student interest
in science has major importance for the teaching of science. This research also helps to clarify different class contexts
which can be provided with different types and uses of historical information. 相似文献
7.
Reading the interesting article Discerning selective traditions in science education by Per Sund, which is published in this issue of CSSE, allows us to open the discussion on procedures for teaching science today. Clearly there is overlap between the teaching of science and other areas of knowledge. However, we must constantly develop new methods to teach and differentiate between science education and teaching science in response to the changing needs of our students, and we must analyze what role teachers and teacher educators play in both. We must continually examine the methods and concepts involved in developing pedagogical content knowledge in science teachers. Otherwise, the possibility that these routines, based on subjective traditions, prevent emerging processes of educational innovation. Modern science is an enormous field of knowledge in its own right, which is made more expansive when examined within the context of its place in society. We propose the need to design educative interactions around situations that involve science and society. Science education must provide students with all four dimensions of the cognitive process: factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge. We can observe in classrooms at all levels of education that students understand the concepts better when they have the opportunity to apply the scientific knowledge in a personally relevant way. When students find value in practical exercises and they are provided opportunities to reinterpret their experiences, greater learning gains are achieved. In this sense, a key aspect of educational innovation is the change in teaching methodology. We need new tools to respond to new problems. A shift in teacher education is needed to realize the rewards of situating science questions in a societal context and opening classroom doors to active methodologies in science education to promote meaningful learning through meaningful teaching. 相似文献
8.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(3):219-221
Classical Piagetian theory had much to offer education, which could not be derived from the learning theory of its day. Since the cognitive revolution, learning theory has accepted most of Piaget's basic constructivist premises and outstripped his theory in its ability to model the details of children's cognitive structures. Thus, an important question is whether Piagetian theory still has anything distinctive to offer. To support the claim that it does, the notion of a central conceptual structure is introduced. These structures have several features that make their discovery in the context of learning theory unlikely, most notably their generality, the wide range of content domains that they span and their susceptibility to general developmental as well as specific experiential influence. Educational areas in which analysis of central conceptual structures has proven useful include (a) assessment, (b) early childhood education, (c) curriculum design, and (d) remedial instruction. 相似文献
9.
Wolff‐Michael Roth 《科学教学研究杂志》2000,37(1):63-80
Recent neurobiological evidence suggests that environmentally derived activity plays a central role in regulating neuronal growth and neuronal connectivity. Artificial neural networks with distributed representations display many features of knowing and learning that are known from biological intelligence. In this article, I advocate artificial neural networks as models for cognition and development. These models and how they work are exemplified in the context of a well‐known Piagetian developmental task and school science activity: balance beam problems. I conclude that artificial neural networks, because of their profoundly interactivist nature, are ideal tools for modeling cognitive development and learning in science. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 63–80, 2000 相似文献
10.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(2):135-145
The conception and theory of agency as self-regulation that is contained within Bandura's social cognitive theory is examined and elaborated in the context of the relevant philosophical history of ideas and through consideration of recent work in theoretical developmental psychology. Implications for self-regulated learning in classrooms are considered. In particular, it is suggested that the understanding of agency contained within social cognitive theory as elaborated herein might be developed as an alternative to conceptions of self-regulation and agency within constructivist and socioculturalist theorizing in educational psychology. However, the classroom application of such an alternative would require a much less dualistic and teacher-directed form of teaching than suggested in much past and current social cognitive work on self-regulation. 相似文献
11.
Piaget's learning theory on cognitive development has had considerable impact on science education (Piaget, 1964; Inhelder and Piaget, 1958; Craig, 1972). The theory classifies cognitive learning into four successive stages: (a) sensory-motor, (b) pre-operational, (c) operational, and (d) formal. Various programmes and instructional strategies have been developed based on the theory (Batt, 1980; Karplus, 1977; Renner and Stafford, 1979; Ryan, et al., 1980; Herron, 1978; Good et al; 1978). An application of this theory for teaching and learning scientific concepts is the Piagetian learning cycle (Karplus, 1977) which is of growing interest among science educators. This article intends to introduce briefly the learning cycle in general and suggest a learning cycle for teaching a topic in chemistry: “Elements and Symbols”. 相似文献
12.
Toward Effective Teaching and Learning: stories of primary schools'environmental science interest and action 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article provides some stories of primary school teachers' and students' experiences of implementing new science teaching and learning strategies through an action research process that have also led to more environmental education occurring in the schools' curriculum. The stories have been constructed from the coordinators' journals, observations and interviews with the teachers and students in the schools. The teachers in the schools are consciously engaged in an action research-based model of curriculum change in science teaching and learning. The stories also acknowledge the critiques of critical theory in environmental education and the possibilities for a socially critical approach in environmental education within a context of the limited opportunities for both science and environmental education in primary schools. 相似文献
13.
Eileen G. Merritt Natalia Palacios Holland Banse Sara E. Rimm-Kaufman Micela Leis 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(1):17-31
Teachers need more clarity about effective teaching practices as they strive to help their low-achieving students understand mathematics. Our study describes the instructional practices used by two teachers who, by value-added metrics, would be considered “highly effective teachers” in classrooms with a majority of students who were English learners. We used quantitative data to select two fifth-grade classrooms where students, on average, made large gains on a mathematics achievement test, and then examined teaching practices and contextual factors present in each classroom. Participants included two teachers from a mid-Atlantic district and their students who were 67% English learners and 68% economically disadvantaged. We found that the use of multiple representations of mathematics concepts, attention to vocabulary building, individual and group checks for understanding and error analysis were prevalent practices in both high gains classrooms. Also, class sizes ranged from 12–19 students. Discussion focuses on whether observed practices are aligned with recommended teaching practices for English learner students. 相似文献
14.
Science teachers and educators seek to promote equity and inclusion within their classrooms. Yet, many do not examine how their roles could reproduce oppression that continues to exclude certain groups of students. Centering on how oppression interacts with science teaching and learning, this naturalistic study observed Ms. William and her implementation of two STEM units that integrate science and engineering, to understand power, race, and privilege dynamics in her middle school STEM classrooms. Specifically, we focused on understanding oppression at the interpersonal and internalized level in Ms. William's class. We collected and analyzed video recorded lessons from two different classrooms, two STEM curricula Ms. William had co-developed, and conducted semi-structured interviews after she taught her two STEM units. We identified themes of oppression perpetuated in the classroom by employing thematic analysis, which when guided by our theoretical framework enabled us to illuminate the complex relationship between science teaching and maintaining whiteness as the dominant discourse in science learning. Our findings suggest that an active and critical role from science teachers and educators are required; we must reflect deeply on our science curriculum and teaching strategies and identify practices that remains to be oppressive if promoting equity and inclusion is at the forefront of our science teaching. 相似文献
15.
Victoria Deneroff 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2016,11(2):213-233
This is a narrative inquiry into the role of professional development in the construction of teaching practice by an exemplary urban high school science teacher. I collected data during 3 years of ethnographic participant observation in Marie Gonzalez’s classroom. Marie told stories about her experiences in ten years of professional development focused on inquiry science teaching. I use a social practice theory lens to analyze my own stories as well as Marie’s. I make the case that science teaching is best understood as mediated by socially-constructed identities rather than as the end-product of knowledge and beliefs. The cognitive paradigm for understanding teachers’ professional learning fails to consistently produce transformations of teaching practice. In order to design professional development with science teachers that is generative of new knowledge, and is self-sustaining, we must understand how to build knowledge of how to problematize identities and consciously use social practice theory. 相似文献
16.
This article discusses how to deal with the relations between different cultural perspectives in classrooms, based on a proposal for considering understanding and knowledge as goals of science education, inspired by Dewey’s naturalistic humanism. It thus combines educational and philosophical interests. In educational terms, our concerns relate to how science teachers position themselves in multicultural classrooms. In philosophical terms, we are interested in discussing the relations between belief, understanding, and knowledge under the light of Dewey’s philosophy. We present a synthesis of Dewey’s theory of inquiry through his naturalistic humanism and discuss its implications for the concepts of belief, understanding, and knowledge, as well as for the goals of science teaching. In particular, we highlight problems arising in the context of possible conflicts between scientific and religious claims in the school environment that result from totalitarian positions. We characterize an individual’s position as totalitarian if he or she takes some way of thinking as the only one capable of expressing the truth about all that exists in the world, lacks open-mindedness to understand different interpretative perspectives, and attempts to impose her or his interpretation about the facts to others by violent means or not. From this stance, any other perspective is taken to be false a priori and, accordingly, as a putative target to be suppressed or adapted to the privileged way of thinking. We argue, instead, for a more fallibilist evaluation of our own beliefs and a more respectful appraisal of the diversity of students’ beliefs by both students and teachers. 相似文献
17.
This study investigated the extent to which teacher professional development led to changes in science instruction in K-2
classrooms in rural school districts. The research specifically examined changes in (a) teachers’ content knowledge in science;
(b) teachers’ self-efficacy related to teaching science; (c) classroom instructional time allotted to science; and (d) instructional
strategies used in science. The study also investigated contextual factors contributing to or hindering changes in science
instruction. Data sources included a teacher survey, a self-efficacy assessment, content knowledge tests, interviews, and
classroom observations. After one year in the program, teachers showed increased content knowledge and self-efficacy in teaching
science; they spent more instructional time on science and began using different instructional strategies. Key contextual
factors included curricular demands, resources, administrative support, and support from other teachers. 相似文献
18.
Stephen M. Ritchie Gillian Kidman Tanya Vaughan 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2007,2(1):225-242
Members of particular communities produce and reproduce cultural practices. This is an important consideration for those teacher
educators who need to prepare appropriate learning experiences and programs for scientists, as they attempt to change careers
to science teaching. We know little about the transition of career-changing scientists as they encounter different contexts
and professional cultures, and how their changing identities might impact on their teaching practices. In this narrative inquiry
of the stories told by and shared between career-changing scientists in a teacher-preparation program, we identify cover stories
of science and teaching. More importantly, we show how uncovering these stories became opportunities for one of these scientists
to learn about what sorts of stories of science she tells or should tell in science classrooms and how these stories might
impact on her identities as a scientist–teacher in transition. We highlight self-identified contradictions and treat these
as resources for further professional learning. Suggestions for improving the teacher-education experiences of scientist–teachers
are made. In particular, teacher educators might consider the merits of creating opportunities for career-changing scientists
to share their stories and for these stories to be retold for different audiences.
相似文献
| Tanya VaughanEmail: |
19.
Peter Heering 《Interchange》2010,41(4):323-333
Recently, there has been an increasing emphasis in discussions on science education on the potential and advantages of stories
and narratives in teaching situations. From this, one might conclude that simply starting to use stories in science classrooms
is a good thing, per se. Yet, as I will argue in my paper, things do not appear to be that easy. From my understanding, it is necessary to select
the stories to be told in teaching situations with care – and also to reject those stories which are not to be told. With
respect to such a selection, different criteria can be employed, depending on the aims of the instructional unit. In doing
so, my criteria for selection will be based on an education which does not focus solely on the communication of scientific
knowledge but which emphasizes relevant topics from the nature of science for structuring the teaching. With this intention,
one can identify constructions of narratives that are misleading with respect to the nature of science and which may lead
to an inappropriate understanding of science and scientific practice. 相似文献
20.
This study examined the relationships that exist between high school science teachers' understanding of the Piagetian developmental model of intelligence, its inherent teaching procedure—the learning cycle—and classroom teaching practices. The teachers observed in this study had expressed dissatisfaction with the teaching methods they used, and, subsequently, attended a National Science Foundation sponsored in-service program designed to examine laboratory-centered science curricula and the educational and scientific theories upon which the curricula were based. The teachers who exhibited a sound understanding of the Piagetian model of intelligence and the learning cycle were more likely to effectively implement learning cycle curricula. They were able to successfully integrate their students' laboratory experiences with class discussions to construct science concepts. The teachers who exhibited misunderstandings of the Piagetian developmental model of intelligence and the learning cycle also engaged their students in laboratory activities, but these activities were weakly related to learning cycles. For example, the data gathered by their students were typically not used in class discussions to construct science concepts. Therefore, these teachers apparently did not discern the necessity of using the data and experiences from laboratory activities as the impetus for science concept attainment. Additional results comparing degrees of understanding, teaching behaviors and questioning strategies are discussed. 相似文献