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1.
华北克拉通东北缘龙岗第四纪玄武岩的地球化学研究为大陆碱性玄武岩的成因以及源区的性质提供了重要的依据.龙岗第四纪玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,具有类似OIB的REE和微量元素分配特征.岩石的Sr-Nd同位素轻度亏损（87Sr/86Sr =0.7044～0.7048,εNd=0.6～2.1）,具有Dupal异常的高放射性成因Pb同位素组成（^206 Pb/^204 Pb=17.734～18.194,^207 Pb/^204 Pb=15.553～15.594,^208 Pb/%204 Pb=38.322～38.707）.这种地球化学特征指示了原始岩浆起源于＜70km深度的地幔,并经历了一定程度的橄榄岩、单斜辉石和钛.铁氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆源区中以来类似MORB软流圈物质的熔体为主,另外有少量来自EM Ⅰ性质的富集岩石圈地幔以及俯冲流体/熔体的物质贡献,显示了深部岩石圈-软流圈一定程度的相互作用以及太平洋板块俯冲的影响.岩浆源区多种端元组分的存在表明该地区岩石圈的减薄/置换受到多种因素的影响. 相似文献
2.
高源 《科学对社会的影响》1994,(1):80-92
一、大气污染的基本情况 大气是一种混合气体,我们当今世界所见到的大气主要是由氮(N_2)和氧(O_2)组成,另外还包括有许多微量气体: 惰性气体:氦(He)、氖(Ne)、氩(Ar)、氪(Kr)、氙(Xe)等; 对气候有重要影响的气体:水汽(H_2O)、臭氧(O_3)、二氧化碳(CO_2); 其它微量气体:甲烷(CH_4)、氨(NH_3)、硫化氢(H_2S)、二氧化硫(SO_2)、一氧化碳(N_2O,NO,N_2),…… 大气气溶胶:凝结核、尘埃、云和雾的粒子等。 许多气体在大气中的量虽然不多,但却有其特殊的作用,它的含量的变化会对整个地球生态环境生产影响。例如大气中的臭氧主要吸收太阳的紫外辐射,使地面的生物免受紫外辐射的伤害,这是地球上生命发生和发展的必要条件之一;又如大气中的二氧化碳具有很强的 相似文献
3.
云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中的重要岩体,位于兰坪走滑拉分盆地西部.该岩体的主要岩石类型为辉石正长岩、正长岩和霞石正长岩等.岩石地球化学显示高碱、高K2O/Na2O比值、低TiO2、高Al2O3的超钾质钾玄岩系列岩石.微量元素表现为富集K、Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Ta、Nb、Ti、P、Zr等高场强元素（HFSE）,表现为明显的“Ta-Nb-Ti”负异常,同时富集过渡性元素Cr、Ni、Co等.稀土元素为稀土总量高,富集LREE、（La/Yb）N比值高、Eu异常不明显为特征.（^87 Sr/^86 Sr）i比值为0.707611～0.709167、εNd（t）值为-4.89～-6.57,206Pb/204Pb变化于18.6886～18.7022、207Pb/204Pb变化于15.6169～15.63493、208Pb/204Pb变化于38.7972～38.8927,显示岩浆源区具有富集地幔（EM Ⅱ）与下地壳共同作用的壳幔过渡带特征,构造环境判别为大陆弧（CAP）环境.岩体是在碰撞造山过程中大陆板片俯冲,使曾经遭受古洋壳板片流体强烈交代的壳幔过渡带在上升的软流圈熔体的注入而发生部分熔融,在走滑拉分盆地的核心部位沿构造断裂上升侵位而形成. 相似文献
4.
多不杂铜矿床的发现是西藏地质找矿工作取得的重大突破,选择多不杂铜矿区内7件花岗闪长斑岩、5件变质砂岩样品进行常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试。结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩LREE富集,HREE亏损,δEu总体大于1,为Eu正异常,是含矿地幔流体伴随岩浆结晶成岩过程交代岩石成矿的成因标志,含矿地幔流体以不均匀混染和交代方式减弱或抵消结晶分异作用形成的负铕异常,并随其比例和强度增大而形成正铕异常;相对富集Cs、Rb、K、Sr、Th、La、Hf等元素,显示驼峰型模式,是成矿流体来自富集地幔的重要特征。变质砂岩具有相似的右倾型稀土配分模式,总体上均表现为轻稀土相对富集、ΣREE变化范围较大的特点,由花岗闪长斑岩→变质砂岩,ΣREE表现为逐步上升的特点,这说明在成矿过程中伴随有REE元素的带入带出;将变质砂岩的常量元素组成与花岗闪长斑岩的常量元素组成进行对比,可以看到CaO、MgO、Na_2O、K_2O的含量有明显变化,随着成矿作用的进行,这些常量元素的带进带出主要表现为硅质和碱质的增加,说明矿床中各类岩石的蚀变受控于统一的富硅碱的地幔流体作用,从而导致大量物质组分的活化迁移以及交换的发生,并造成壳幔物质的混染叠加,进而有利于成矿。矿床成因综合分析初步揭示出多不杂铜矿床的形成与地幔流体作用有关。地幔流体作用造成的地幔底劈引发了地壳重熔,进而幔源岩浆或地幔流体部分参与或混染地壳重熔形成的长英质岩浆并随其结晶过程作用于岩浆,而致花岗闪长斑岩具有壳幔混染甚至成矿特征。地幔流体不仅可以伴随富硅碱岩浆结晶成岩过程进行同步交代和能量转换蚀变成矿,而且还能从岩浆或岩体中分离出来,沿通道进入有利赋矿的岩石界面或具备一定封闭条件的次级裂隙中,与变质砂岩相互作用引发壳幔之间物质和能量的交换,构成接触带成矿体系,导致变质砂岩含矿。 相似文献
5.
藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列.钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO2介于49%～70%之间,Al2O3＞10%,Na2O/K2O＞1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3～1.8,（La/Yb）N为2.87～4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96～1.09;该套岩石的Mg#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=1.53～5.35）表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融.本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO2介于44%～59%之间,Al2O3＞14%,Na2O/K2O介于0.47～1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20～15.76,（La/Yb）N=50.44～91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg^#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=2.63～13.98）表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.77～0.85）以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据. 相似文献
6.
青海省共和盆地周缘晚古生代镁铁质火山岩分属阿尼玛卿蛇绿混杂带,宗务隆构造带和苦海-赛什塘带.阿尼玛卿带正常洋中脊玄武岩（N-MORB）样品具有较高的^87Sr/^86Sr（t）比值（0.7066～0.7084）、高的εNd（t）（12.2～12.8）和较低的^206Pb/^204Pb初始值（17.72～17.79）.这些同位素特征类似于秦岭勉略蛇绿岩带的N-MORB以及印度洋低^206Pb/^204Pb高^143Nd/^144Nd N-MORB.该带中的洋岛玄武岩（OIB）的^87Sr/^86Sr比值为0.7036～0.7044,εNd（t）=4.4～4.8,^206Pb/^204Pb=17.45～17.62.其Sr和Nd同位素比值可与印度洋代表热点构造的洋岛玄武岩对比,但^206Pb/^204Pb低于印度洋的热点构造玄武岩,因此,具有类似印度洋低143Nd/144Nd比值MORB同位素特征.宗务隆构造带的N-MORB的Sr同位素比值在0.7041～0.7058,εNd（t）=6.1～8.4,^206Pb/^204Pb=17.51～17.90,划归高^143Nd/^144Nd比值的N-MORB.苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩显示了高的^87Sr/^86Sr同位素比值（0.7115和0.7104）和低的εNd（t）值（-1.7和-2.5）,其6206Pb/6204Pb（17.64和17.46）与上述大洋玄武质岩石无显著区别.上述各岩类的同位素特征反映了它们生成的构造环境和陆壳组分混染的程度.阿尼玛卿带的N-MORB代表了典型的来自亏损地幔源区的洋中脊产物.与勉略带同类岩石可能来自同一源区.OIB可能属于热点构造成因的洋岛产物并与MORB一起构成了阿尼玛卿洋洋壳.宗务隆带MORB同样代表了主要源自相对亏损地幔的洋脊产物并指示宗务隆带曾开裂成洋.苦海大陆裂谷玄武岩极高的Sr和低的Nd同位素比值是陆壳物质组分的强烈印记,这与该类火山岩发育在前寒武纪基底之上不无关系.结合本区大洋玄武岩普遍低的Nb/U和Ce/Pb比值,推测它们可能源自EMII与DMM物质的交代混合.按照习惯的想法,明显的Dupal异常（△^208Pb/^204Pb值=46～103和△^207Pb/^204Pb值=4～18;大多样品^87Sr/^86Sr＞0.704）指示这些岩石在空间上代表了来自南半球印度洋位置的古洋壳残余.但是,北半球愈来愈多的Dupal异常的发现有可能指示它们是类似现今东南亚多洋岛构造历经“汇聚式（focused）俯冲”的产物.此外,宗务隆带MORB的Dupal异常指示本区古特提斯域的北界较先前所定还要北推200km. 相似文献
7.
凯蒙蛇绿岩主要分布于嘉黎断裂内凯蒙沟两侧的东西向山脊上,沿嘉黎断裂带呈东西向线状分布,组成蛇绿岩的岩石类型主要有纯橄岩、方辉橄榄岩、单辉橄榄岩、橄辉岩、橄长岩和辉长岩等。蛇绿岩具有贫硅、贫碱、低钛,而富铁、镁的特点。稀土总量很低,∑REE值变化于0．415×10~(-6)～3．273×10~(-6)之间,其中方辉橄榄岩和橄长岩的轻稀土略有富集,而单辉橄榄岩和辉长岩的轻稀土略有亏损,所有岩石都具明显的正铕异常。辉长岩的Th-Ta比值大体相等,显示蛇绿岩形成于洋中脊构造环境,而在原始地幔标准化配分曲线上具有明显的Rb、Ba、Sr低度富集和Nb的相对亏损,显示岛弧(IAT)特点,这种兼具IAT和MORB地球化学特点特征预示着凯蒙蛇绿岩形成于不成熟弧后盆地环境。蛇绿岩中橄长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为218．2±4．6Ma,说明在晚三叠世时期洋壳就已出现。凯蒙蛇绿岩的确定表明嘉黎断裂在早期(T_3-J_1)可能是冈底斯构造带上的一条重要缝合带。 相似文献
8.
《科技通报》2015,(11)
浙江淳安潘家铜钨多金属矿是浙西新近发现的大-中型地层-构造-岩浆综合控制型矿床,矿体主要产于大铜坑岩体与震旦系蓝田组中及其接触带。本文尝试运用黄铁矿S、Pb同位素示踪的方法探讨矿床成矿物质来源。矿区黄铁矿硫同位素组成δ34S值集中在3.7%~5.3%,且花岗闪长斑岩-蚀变花岗闪长斑岩-角岩化围岩中δ34S值有逐渐增加,反映了硫质应为侵入岩体与沉积地层两个端元的有效混合,且以岩浆源为主的地幔源区特征;Pb同位素组成为高放射成因的Th-型异常铅,同位素组成μ(238U/204Pb)值特征、Zartman构造模式图、Δγ-Δβ成因分类图解显示,矿区铅具沉积成因和岩浆成因两种形成机制,前者为壳源,后者为幔-壳混源。综合研究显示,蓝田组地层和大铜坑岩体均为成矿母岩,且以后者为主,成矿物质为幔-壳混合源区。 相似文献
9.
在详细形态和内部结构研究基础上,对碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石进行了配套的U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析.碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石主体是变质成因的,但有少量岩浆锆石残留.这些锆石主体给出了220～210 Ma的变质生长/重结晶作用年龄;一颗具较高Th/U比值的锆石给出646 Ma的近协和年龄,限定了早期岩浆结晶作用的最小年龄.真正的侵位年龄可以由745 Ma的上交点年龄来限定;210～222 Ma则记录着深俯冲陆壳折返过程中的锆石生长.除少数颗粒的εHf为负值外（-2.9）,大部分锆石的εHf是正的（高速＋8.1）并具新元古代的亏损地幔模式年龄（0.6～1.0 Ga,平均0.8 Ga）.这些结果说明碧溪岭橄榄岩的初始物质是扬子大陆岩石圈内新元古代岩浆堆积作用产物.这样的岩浆堆积物来源于亏损的软流圈地幔,侵入于扬子的深部地壳之中（如底侵）并部分混染了古老地壳组分.它们随扬子向华北之下深俯冲碰撞和造山带折返过程中经历着复杂的变质改造作用. 相似文献
10.
对大别山南部超高压变质带双河和黄镇地区的榴辉岩、片麻岩和硬玉石英岩中变质锆石进行了原位LA-MC-ICPMS的Lu-Hf同位素分析.双河和黄镇的榴辉岩及双河的硬玉石英岩有低176Lu/177Hf和低176Hf/177Hf组成,两地的片麻岩有高176Hf/177Hf比和高且分散的176Lu/177Hf组成.锆石Hf同位素分布主要受变质原岩的形成时代控制,增生锆石基本上继承了原岩锆石的Hf同位素特征,既有增生锆石相对有低176Lu/177Hf和高176Hf/177Hf、继承重结晶锆石相对有高176Lu/177Hf和低176Hf/177Hf的特征,也有二者相互重叠没有区别的,它主要受原岩性质和变质过程中锆石遭受的溶蚀程度控制.增生锆石的低Lu/Hf是锆石在变质过程中Lu含量下降和Hf含量增高造成的,增生锆石的高176Hf/177Hf继承自岩石中其它高Lu/Hf比矿物的长期演化.继承锆石的初始Hf同位素组成εHf值和亏损地幔模式年龄TDM示踪表明,各超高压变质原岩的时代和成因是复杂的：双河榴辉岩原岩物质源自25亿年的亏损地幔和至少27亿年以上的古老晚太古地壳混合.双河片麻岩原岩年龄相同,但有不同的壳幔混合物源.黄镇榴辉岩原岩主要源于亏损幔源岩浆形成的初生地壳的重循环,很少的地壳混染.黄镇片麻岩和榴辉岩的物源区年龄相同.两地片麻岩原岩物源主要来自弱亏损地幔,存在古老地壳物质和地幔物质的混合.大别地区超高压变质岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素特征主要反映了7～8亿年和18～19亿年时扬子克拉通北缘地区的岩浆活动特点和大地构造环境. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献