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1.
During the 1890s, in Australia and around the world, there was a convergence of the cycle, the camera and women. With the advent of the revolutionary safety bicycle, cycling had become a craze. At the same time, photographic technology had undergone changes that meant photographs were cheaper and more accessible. Women became avid consumers of both these new technologies; they became cyclists in unprecedented numbers for the first time, and they also became the popular subjects, and proud owners, of photographic portraits. These two trends converged, resulting in a proliferation of photographic portraits of women cyclists, many of which were published in newspapers and magazines. These bicycle portraits have now become a rich source for historians. More than just visually interesting artefacts, these photographic depictions of the Australian woman cyclist are important windows into the history of Australian women's cycling in the last decade of the nineteenth century. Bicycle portraits provide significant insights into the study of Australian women cyclists, from historical detail ranging from costume, bicycle and cycling activity choices to more complex understandings of the expression of feminine identity among Australian women cyclists in the 1890s. 相似文献
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This article, based on archival records, published documents, interviews with elite sportswomen and three regional case studies, deals with the radical social, economic, cultural and political changes in the early years of the Communist China, the consequent changes in women's lives and the eventual extraordinary impact on elite women's sport. It analyses the complicated relations between the communist system, gender ideology, sports policy, international politics and elite women's sport. With the establishment of a variety of sports institutions, systems and structures women in increasing numbers took part in competitive sport and produced even increasingly remarkable achievements. 相似文献
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对90年代世界女子竞技体操运动发展特征的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用文献研究、调查访问、现场观察、个案和数理统计等方法，对90年代体操规则的演变、近10年来世界体操锦标赛、奥运会的成套动作及运动员的成才年龄特征进行了研究。结果表明，当代女子竞技体操运动的发展表现出规则对技术发展的制约性、格局的相对稳定性、技术发展的难度递增性、连接的创新性、动作完成的艺术性和运动员竞技能力的“延伸性”特征。 相似文献
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通过对参加2003年女足世界杯各参赛队的技术统计数据进行分析发现,世界各国女足水平差距在缩小,整体水平在快速提高。女子足球比赛的对抗性不断加强,打法趋向于快速、简洁。拥有强壮的身体及高超的技战术水平,在快速、激烈对抗的前提下稳定地发挥技战术水平是当今女足运动竞技水平发展的潮流及趋势。 相似文献
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中国当代女性体育对奥林匹克运动的贡献与影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
马良 《沈阳体育学院学报》2006,25(4):15-17
从中国女性地位的提升和奥林匹克运动的沿革阐述当代中国女子体育的发展特性,说明新中国建立后一系列妇女解放运动从根本上改变了中国妇女的地位,为女性体育的发展开放了合理空间;在此基础上,奥林匹克思想体系的不断革新促使中国女子体育在短期内迅速提高了竞技水平和综合表现力,实现腾跃式发展,并具备了国际竞争力。中国女性体育取得的显著成绩改变了国际上对传统女性、特别是中国女性的质疑,并为实现“更干净、更人性、更团结”的当代奥林匹克精神做出应尽的贡献。 相似文献
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中国大学生女子足球运动发展现状与对策研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用文献资料法、调查访问法、数理统计法等研究方法,通过对参加2005年全国大学生女子足球锦标赛的教练员和运动员进行问卷调查和统计数据的整理,对中国大学生女子足球运动发展现状进行详细分析。提出中国大学生女子足球发展的设想和对策。体教结合,探讨中国女子足球运动员后备人才培养的体制改革,希望能在女子足球人才培养体制、大学生女子足球竞赛制度和大学生女子足球赛事推广等方面进行改革,从而推动中国女子足球运动和大学生女子足球运动向前发展。 相似文献
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对公开赛时代至今的四大网球公开赛女子单打冠军的年龄特征分析,探讨冠军和首次夺冠的运动员年龄特征,旨在为中国女子网球运动员的培养提供参考。结论显示：冠军年龄结构特征正态分布效果较好,已经具备了相对稳定的显著特征,形成了各具特征的3个年龄段——16-18岁的低龄段、19-28岁主体年龄段和29-33岁的大龄段;首冠年龄分析揭示出不同实力球员的竞技发展期;参照年龄特征发现目前中国女子网球单打运动员的技能水平高峰期显现较晚。 相似文献
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通过分析2015年女排世界杯中国女排在3场11局比赛中的进攻技术、防守技术、及参赛队员基本情况等,探讨我国女排技术的发展方向.研究结果表明:中国女排参赛队员的基本情况较为理想;在胜负场比率、胜负局比率和得失分比率三方面表现令人满意;在发球技术、扣球技术、拦网技术和传球技术等进攻技术以及在接发球技术、拦网技术和后排防守技术等防守技术方面都好于其他11支世界女排强队.依据本次女排的技战术发挥状态,有针对性的提出建议,希望为提高我国女排的竞技水平和训练效果提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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卢文云 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(2):75-81,107
《体育强国建设纲要》的颁布对新时代竞技体育的发展提出了新要求。为更好地发挥竞技体育在体育强国建设中的引领作用,本研究通过分析迈向体育强国我国竞技体育发展面临的主要问题,在此基础上提出针对性的解决策略,以更好地贯彻落实《体育强国建设纲要》相关要求。研究认为迈向体育强国我国竞技体育发展面临服务国家发展大局的作用发挥不充分、竞技成绩下滑、运动项目的结构性缺陷、创新驱动不足、治理能力有待提升、后备人才萎缩等问题。针对这些问题,新时代我国竞技体育发展应充分发挥竞技体育的多元功能、构建举国体制与市场机制相结合的新体制、推动竞技体育发展从要素驱动向创新驱动转变、全面推进竞赛体制改革、改革竞技体育后备人才培养体制、强化奥运会备战参赛工作、大力弘扬竞技体育文化。 相似文献
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从女性主义的研究视角,运用社会学、文化学以及史学相结合的研究方法,通过对不同历史时期女性观演变的分析来审视古代女子民间体育发展的历史轨迹,探讨女性观的嬗变与女子民间体育参与之间的相互影响,以期更好地认识中国古代妇女女性意识演变的心路历程,总结其发展经验,推动现代女子民间体育的发展. 相似文献
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"Neither cricketers nor ladies": towards a history of women and cricket in South Africa, 1860s-2000s
Odendaal A 《国际体育史杂志》2011,28(1):115-136
There is a dearth of research and writing on women's cricket in South Africa. In an attempt to enhance understanding of the nature and effects of women's involvement in the game of cricket over the past 200 years, this essay offers a chronological account of the sport and the role women played in it. It draws on readings from the international scholarship on women's early involvement in sport, the fragments that have existed to date about women's cricket in South Africa and some newly discovered primary material from the 1950s onwards. The essay aims to provide a historical context and open a window for historians and social analysts into an area few knew existed before. There is now a distinctive history and subculture of cricket with multiple social dimensions for scholars to explore; here I offer some preliminary insights. 相似文献
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影响女性休闲运动的因素 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着社会的进步，女性地位的提高，女性越来越意识到参与休闲运动不仅仅是男性的权利，女性也同样有权参与。通过对促进和制约女性休闲运动因素的分析，讨论并阐述了开展女性休闲运动所应具备的条件．以及社会传统观念对女性休闲运动的影响因素分析，为大力开展女性休闲运动提供了理论依据，并丰富和促进了女性的社会生活。 相似文献
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短距离场地自行车运动项目制胜的核心因素解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国女子短距离场地自行车运动员的竞技能力水平近年来有了明显的提高,但大赛成绩却不理想。面对这一现实,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、跟踪调查法、个案分析法、数理统计及逻辑分析法等多种研究方法,对我国女子短距离场地自行车运动项目制胜的核心因素进行解析。研究表明:对自行车专项运动成绩有决定性影响的因素称为制胜因素,制胜因素以及制胜因素之间的内在本质的联系构成了项目的制胜规律,运动员竞技能力的发展水平运用于比赛之中即为其制胜能力;场地自行车运动员是运动训练与参赛的主体,自行车比赛中对运动员竞技能力充分发挥的理想要求即是其制胜的核心要素,主要包括:全程高速能力、技术合理稳定能力、战术灵活运用能力、连续多赛能力、拼搏争胜能力。在实践中,亦可简称为"快、稳、灵、多、搏"五个要素。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine organizational treatment discrimination (i.e., when members of a group receive fewer rewards, opportunities, or resources than they legitimately deserve based on job-related criteria) in the context of women's athletics. Data were collected from 170 assistant coaches of women's teams (i.e., women's basketball, softball, track, volleyball, soccer, and tennis). Results indicate that women's perceived work experiences and outcomes were comparable, and sometimes better, than those of men. We present competing explanations for this finding. First, it is possible that these women were not subjected to treatment discrimination. Alternatively, it is possible that this demonstrates the existence of the "paradox of the contented working woman." Additional analyses indicate that work experiences explained a large portion of the variance in organizational commitment and turnover intentions, thereby demonstrating their importance in the workplace. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the variations in substrate utilization between men and women matched for ventilatory threshold (Tvent) during incremental arm cranking and leg cycling exercise at 70, 85, 100 and 115% of the mode-specific Tvent. Recreationally active men (n=12) and women (n=10) with similar values for percentage of peak oxygen consumption at Tvent participated in the study. Ventilatory equivalence, excess CO2 and modified V-slope methods were used concurrently to determine Tvent. The participants performed 5 min of exercise at each of 70, 85, 100 and 115% Tvent during both arm cranking and leg cycling exercise. The females were tested during the early follicular phase for all trials. A two-way mixed-design analysis of variance was performed to test for differences between the sexes. When carbohydrate and fat oxidation were expressed relative to total fat-free mass, carbohydrate oxidation during arm cranking and leg cycling was significantly higher in men than women at each percentage of Tvent. In contrast, women showed significantly higher fat oxidation across intensities during both arm cranking and leg cycling. Our results suggest that when substrate utilization is expressed relative to total fat-free mass, women appear to maintain a higher rate of fat and lower rate of carbohydrate oxidation than men during both incremental arm cranking and leg cycling exercise relative to Tvent. 相似文献
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通过对世界和我国优秀女子七项全能选手历年来前十名成绩的数据收集与整理,运用灰色关联分析法和对比法,对影响我国全能选手运动成绩与各单项之间的关系进行分析研究。研究结果表明,影响我国女子七项全能成绩主要是以速度为主的跑、跳类项目。找出了我国与世界优秀全能选手之间的差距,并提出了合理化的建议,希望能为我国女子七项全能运动的发展提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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Ring C Carroll D Hoving J Ormerod J Harrison LK Drayson M 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(5):501-508
It has been suggested that the psychological stress associated with competitive sports events may help to explain the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections due to reductions in secretory immunity. In the current study, we investigated the influence of competitive exercise and psychological stress on secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). Salivary s-IgA and heart rate were measured in 62 healthy young recreationally active men at rest and, in a between-subjects design, following one of four 8-min tasks: mental arithmetic, cycling at workloads of 60 to 180 W (mean = 146 W), mental arithmetic while cycling, or competitive cycling. Mental arithmetic was associated with significant increases in s-IgA concentration (mean = 49 microg.min(-1)) and s-IgA secretion rate (mean = 25 microg.ml(-1)) compared with rest, while mental arithmetic combined with exercise was associated with a significant increase in s-IgA concentration only (mean = 124 microg.min(-1)). In contrast, competitive exercise and exercise alone did not influence s-IgA concentration or secretion rate. Heart rate increased modestly to mental arithmetic (mean = 7 beats.min(-1)) and substantially, and similarly, to the three exercise tasks (mean = 56(62 beats.min(-1)). The hypothesis that the psychological stress of competitive exercise contributes to increased susceptibility to infection via reductions in s-IgA requires further investigation. 相似文献